2022年江蘇省南京市、鹽城市高考英語二模試卷(附答案詳解)

第=page22頁，共=sectionpages22頁第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022年江蘇省南京市、鹽城市高考英語二模試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）A?Doananonymous（匿名的）actofkindnessforsomeone.

?Leaveasmilecardbehindtoencouragethemtopay-it-forward.

?Shareyourstoryheretospreadtheinspiration.

?hangedtheworld,onekindactatatime.

ORDERSMILECARDS

TorequestSmileCards,pleasefillouttheformbelow.Avolunteerwillmailyouanorderoftencardswithintwoweeks.SmileCardsareofferedtoanyonewhorequeststhemonapay-it-forwardbasis.Thatmeansthereisnochargeforasetofcards.Someonebeforeyouhaspaidforyourcards,andyouareinvitedtokeepthechaingoingandpay-forwardwhateveryouwishforthenextperson!Forspecialeventsorcircumstanced,youcanalsoplacealargequantityofrequest.

Note：WhenusingaSmileCard,remembernottojusthanditoutbyitself.TheideaistodosomethingkindforsomeoneandthenleavetheSmileCardbehind,sothattheyknowsomeonereachedouttothem,andthattheyareinvitedtopay-forwardthekindnessandkeeptherippledgoing!

Country：*-select-Name：*________

Thereisadailymaximumorderforeachcountry.Pleaseselectacountryfirsttomakesurewehavenotexceededthequota（定額）fortheday.

Address：*________City：*________

State：*-select-Emailaddress：*________

Inspiration：*________

PleasetelluswhatinspiredyoutoorderSmileCards,andgiveusanexampleofakindactyou'dliketodousingthem.

PLACEsmileCARDORDERNOW

ABOUTUS

KindSpringisaplacetopracticesmallactsofkindness.ForoveradecadetheKindSpringusercommunityhasfocusedoninnertransformation,whilecollectivelychangingtheworldwithgenerosity,gratitude,andtrust.Thesiteis100%volunteer-runandtotallynon-commercial.Itisasharedlaboroflove.Whencanyouuseasmilecard？______A.Yourfriend'sbirthdayisapproaching.

B.Yourclassmatehaswonthefirstprize.

C.You'veorderedlunchforapoorfriend.

D.Youfindyourclassmateinlowspirits.Toordersmilecards,youhaveto______.A.payfortheminadvance

B.placeabigquantityofrequest

C.mailsomenecessaryinformation

D.tellwhatfavoryouwilldoforothersThepurposeofusingsmilecardsistoencouragepeopleto______.A.spreadkindness B.becomevolunteers

C.advertiseforKindSpring D.payothers'kindnessbackBNowadaysmaildeliveryisalittledifferent.Istillgetmymailfrommymailbox.Nothing,butmyneighbors'mail.Ithoughtthatwascurious.

Iproceededtotakemyneighbors'mailtothem.Iwasabouttoputthemailintheirmailboxwhenatallmancamerunningoutshoutingaboutmessingwithhisfriend'smail.Hesnatched（奪過）themailfrommyhand,openedthemailboxandpointedtothemailinside."Youwereafterthis."

Ishookmyhead,"No,believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjustbringingittothem."Hegavemeafunnylookandwentbackintohishouse.

Igottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.TheannoyedtallmanhadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyoldwomangoingaroundmixingupeveryone'smail.BeforeIcouldfinishtellingthemaboutwhatwasgoingon,theofficershadwatchedadogapproachmymailboxwithmailinhismouth.Hetookoutthemailthatwasinmyboxandputlettersin.Hepushedthedoorclosedwithhisnose,pickedupthenewpileofmailhehadgottenfrommybox,andrepeatedthisallthewaydownthenextstreet.Weallstartedlaughing.

Thedoghadbelongedtoamailcarrierwhohaddied.Noonethoughttocheck（thecarrierlivedalone）ontheman'sdog.Thedoghadbeentrainedtoputmailinandtakemailoutoftheboxes.Whenhegotloose,heassumedhisduties.

Iwentbytotalktotheannoyedtallmantofillhiminonwhathadhappened.HewasverypleasedwhenherealizedIwasnotamailthief.Hedid,however,adoptthelittleguy.Whydidthetallmangivetheauthorafunnylook？______A.Toshowhisdisbelief. B.Toexpresshiscuriosity.

C.Tocontainhisannoyance. D.Tohidehisembarrassment.Howdidthepoliceofficersdiscoverthetruth？______A.Byanalyzingthecase. B.Bywitnessingthemix-up.

C.Byquestioningtheauthor. D.Byconsultingthetallman.Accordingtothestory,thedog______.A.waswell-trainedanddevoted

B.usedtolivealonelyandbusylife

C.wasassignedtoreplacethecarrier

D.guardedthemailintheneighborhoodWhat'sthebesttitleforthestory？______A.Amailservice B.Adog'stale

C.Specialdelivery D.NobledutiesCIrememberwhenKamalaharriesbecameJoeBiden'srunningmate.Itseemedfunnyhowmanypeoplepronouncedhernameincorrectly.Ononeoccasion,anewshostbecameupsetwhenbeingcorrected,andpurposelycalledherKumbaya.

IamnostrangertothisissueasmanyofmystudentsarefromAsianandMiddleEasterncountries,andsometimestheirnamesaredifficultformetopronounce,evenafteraskingthemhowtosayit.ManystudentsseemunwillingtocorrectmewhenIattempttolearntheirnamescorrectly.TheotherthingI'veseeningrowingnumbersisstudents"adopting"anEnglishname.

It'smuchmorecommonthanmanythink,forpeopletochangetheirnamesinordertofitin.Thisisespeciallythecasewhenitcomestoseekingjobs.Racialandculturalminoritiesoftenattempttoavoiddiscriminationhiringbyhidingracialcuesontheresumeincludingchangingtheirname.Thisisreferredtoas"résuméwhitening".Researchshowsalmost50percentofblackandAsianjobapplicantsdidso.

XianZhaofromtheUniversityofTorontoresearchesethnic（種族的）namepronunciation,sayingthatmanypeopledon'tunderstandthathabituallypronouncinganunfamiliarnameinaccuratelyisaformofindirectdiscrimination.Itsendsamessagethat"youaretheminorities"，saysZhao."Youarenotimportantinthisenvironment,sowhyshouldItaketimeandmyefforttolearnit？"Ontheotherend,thosewithethnicnamesfrequentlydon'tcorrectpeople,evenwhentheirnameispronouncedwrongrepeatedly,feelingitisbetterjusttokeepthepeaceandnotstandoutforbeingdifficult.

Itisimportanttotrytopronounceeveryone'snameastheypronounceit.Thiscommunicatedrespectofthemasapersonandtheirculture.Thereisnothingwrongwithaskingsomeonetorepeattheirnamesothatyoucanlearntopronounceitproperly.Thisisusuallyappreciated.Whentheirnamesareincorrectlypronounced,theauthor'sAsianstudents______.A.attempttolaughatit B.tendtoacceptit

C.offertocorrecttheauthor D.agreetochangetheirnamesWhichofthefollowingcanbeseenas"resumewhitening"？______A.Anapplicationforabetterjob.

B.Achangeinworkenvironment.

C.Abanonracialdiscriminationinworkplace.

D.ApracticeofusingWesternnamesinjobseeking.Inhisresearch,XianZhaofindsthat______.A.ethnicsaccepttheirnamesbeingmispronouncedtosavetrouble

B.ethnicsfighteffectivelywiththediscriminationagainsttheirnames

C.manywesternerspronounceethnicnamesincorrectlyonpurpose

D.manywesternersmakeeffortstopronounceethnicnamescorrectlyWhat'stheauthor'sattitudetowardpronouncingethnicnamescorrectly？______A.Critical. B.Uncaring. C.Reserved. D.Supportive.DForgenerations,depressionhasbeenseenasanillness,disorderorevenweakness.Suchanideamakessensebecausedepressioncausessufferingandevendeath.Butwhatifwe'regotitallwrong？

Thecommonwisdomisthatdepressionstartsinthemindwithabnormalthinking.Thatleadstosymptomslikeheadaches,stomachaches,ortiredness.Now,modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe'regotitbackward.It'sthebodythatdetectsdangerandinitiateadefensestrategymeanttohelpussurvive.Thatbiologicalstrategyiscalledimmobilization,anditdemonstratedinthemindandthebodywithasetofsymptomswecalldepression.

Whenwethinkofdepressionasunnecessarysuffering,wearetellingpeoplewithdepressionthattheyarenotpartofthegroup,theyarenotrightandtheydon'tbelong.Thatrobsthemofhope.Butwhenwebegintounderstandthatdepression,atleastinitially,happensforagoodreasonwelifttheshame.Instead,peoplewithdepressionarecourageoussurvivors,notdamagedsickpeople.

Theautonomicnervoussystem（ANS）isconstantlyscanningourinternalandexternalenvironmentforsignsofdanger.IfourANSdetectsathreatorevenasimplelackofsafety,itsnextstrategyisthefightorflightresponse,whichweoftenfeelasanxiety.Sometimesthethreatissobadorgoesonforsolong,thatthenervoussystemdecadesthereisnowaytofightortoflee.Atthatpoint,thereisonlyoneoptionleft：immobilization.

Theimmobilizationresponseistheoriginalbiologicaldefenseinhigheranimals.Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected.Thinkofsomereptiles（爬行動物），whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater.Inhumans,peopleoftendescribefeeling"outoftheirbodies"duringextremelyunpleasantevents,whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock.Thisisimportantbecausesomethingsaresoterrible,wedon'twantpeopletobefullypresentwhentheyhappen.Whatincrediblecapacityofourbiologytofindawayinhardtimes!WhydoestheauthormentionthePolyvagalTheory？______A.Toofferastandardforidentifyingdepression.

B.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofmentalproblems.

C.Tomakesenseofhowdepressionaffectspeople.

D.Tocorrectacommonlyheldideaaboutdepression.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3？______A.Depressioncanbringpeopleincrisishope.

B.Peoplemayfeelitwrongtohavedepression.

C.Depressionisanunnecessaryhumanemotion.

D.Peopleoftenfeelproudoffightingdepression.Whatis"immobilization"inthetext？______A.Buildingupanxiety. B.Risingtochallenged.

C.Shuttingdownaction. D.Pullingthroughacrisis.Inwhichorderdoesourbodyreacttoanextremelyunpleasantsituation？______

①seektoworkoutsolutions

②becomeawareofathreat

③experienceemotionalshock

④startdefensivedisconnectionA.②③④① B.④②①③ C.②①③④ D.④①②③二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）WhenFailureIsaGoodThingFailureisanimportantprocessyoucanlearnfrom.(1)

Mostpeopleviewfailureassomethingthatshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.(2)Itmayhavebeenan"F"wereceivedonapaperorthehighexpectationsourparentsplaceduponourshouldersthatstoppedusfromtrying.

Award-winningpsychologistandauthor,RonFriedman,tellsthestoryofhowSaraBlakely,founderofspans,revolutionizedthewomen'sclothingindustryandbecameabillionaireinhisbook,TheBestPlaceToWork：TheArtandScienceofCreatinganExtraordinaryWorkplace.

(3)Shehadzeroexperienceintheclothingindustry,lackedaneducationinbusinessandraisedonly﹩5，000toinvest.Whenaskedwhereshefoundthecourage,shegaveallcredittoherdad.Whilemostparentsasktheirkids,"Howwasyourday？"whensittingdownfordinner,Sara'sparentsaskedherandherbrother,"Whatdidyoufailattoday？"acheandeverynight.

WheninterviewedbyCNN'sAndersoncooler,Sarasaid,"Insteadoffailurebeingtheoutcome,failurebecamenottrying.Itforcedmeatayoungagetowanttopushmyselfsomuchfurtheroutofmycomfortzone."(4)Itbecamemoreaboutlearningandlessaboutapersonalweakness.

Ifweviewfailureasweakness,weavoidsteppingoutofourcomfortzone.(5)Itdoesnotdefineus,butinsteadmaturedus.I'msurethattherearemanyriskswewouldalltakeinourpersonal,professionalandspirituallivesifwecouldgetpastafearoffailure.

Whathasbeenthegreatestlessonyouhavelearnedwhentakingachance？Pleasesharewithus.

A.And,mostimportantly,itmeansyoutried.

B.Let'stakealookathowSarafacedfailure.

C.Inreality,Sara'sfatherhadre-definedfailure.

D.Earlyon,Saraovercameaseriesofdifficulties.

E.Instead,wemustremindourselvesthatfailureisanaction.

F.Itisimportanttoreflectonwhatcanbelearntfromfailure.

G.Wetendtoconnectfailurewithabadexperiencewehadasachild.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）Afterthepublicationofmyfirsttwobooks,IsentmypublisherSummeroftheWolves.I'dwrittenitwithgreatpassion,filledwith(21).But,thepublisher(22)it.Isentittotwoorthreeotherpublishers.The(23)results!

Ithoughtthisnovelmustbereallybadandcriedforthreedays.I(24)thenovel.ButIcouldn'tstop(25).Inafewyears,Ifocusedonmyskillsand(26)afewmorewithagencies.

Oneday,a(27)asked,"Doyouhaveanythingelse？"Andyes,Idid-SummeroftheWolves."Sendittome,"shesaid.SoI'did.Afewweekslater,she(28)myrewritingitinfirstperson.

Ithadbeenwrittenintwovoicedinthirdperson.Therefore,thatwasa（n）(29)amountofworktome.ButIwaswillingtotakethe(30).Twomonthslater,she(31)mewhenitwaspublishedandaskedmetowriteanotherone.Icouldn'tbelieve(32)wasknockingatmydoor.

Iamnotagreattalent,butIama(33)worker.I'vepublishedlanovelsbutwritten15.Willthoseotherfourever(34)thelightofday？Ihopeso.Ikeepworkingandnevergiveup.Itisa(35)，notashortrace.

A.strength B.confidence C.imagination D.gratitude

A.admired B.delayed C.accepted D.rejected

A.normal B.desired C.same D.satisfying

A.cutout B.burntup C.toreapart D.putaway

A.thinking B.crying C.writing D.complaining

A.translated B.released C.edited D.revised

A.publisher B.follower C.reporter D.reader

A.excused B.allowed C.suggested D.appreciated

A.proper B.exact C.small D.fair

A.challenge B.reality C.risk D.credit

A.comforted B.congratulated C.instructed D.bothered

A.success B.wealth C.fame D.courage

A.clever B.hard C.fast D.strict

A.feel B.reflect C.see D.absorb

A.marathon B.lesson

C.competition D.transformation四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）LockdownLoveThecostofatypicalSaudiweddingisenoughtopreventthemostpassionatelover.Evenasimplepartyinvolvesrentinganimpressiveballroom.Thentherearethecheerleadersandmusicians.Menandwomengatherinseparatehalls,(1)（double）someoftheprices.Altogetheritmightcost200，000riyals（﹩53，000）.Often,manyofthesemarriagesendindivorce.Thosethatdon't(2)（burden）withdebt.

Therefore,manycoupleshavewelcomedthese(3)（restrict）thathavecomewithCovid-19.In2020SaudiArabialimitedgatheringsto50peopleor(4)（few）.Socouplescoulddownsizetheirweddings(5)losingface.Somechose(6)（share）hallsoverballrooms.Smallercrowdsatesmallercakes.AllinallaSaudicouplemighthavespent90%lessontheirweddings.Willlow-costweddingsbecomethenewnorm？It'sreported(7)fewcouplescomplainedwhentheCovid-19forcedSaudiArabiatoplacesomelimitations.Thoughtheoutbreakreceded（退去），somestillexpressconcernoverthehealthofin-laws."Agirlalwaysdreamsofafive-starmarriage,butCovid-19hasmadeusmore(8)（practice），"saysBayanZahran,alawyerinJeddah.Somecouplesareoptingforasimpleparty,(9)placeslittlepressureoneitherside.They,(10)muststilldealwithpressurefromtheirfamilyandpeers.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）假定你是李華。上周三你校開展了"高雅藝術(shù)進校園"的活動。請你為校英文報寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：

1.活動目的；

2.活動內(nèi)容；

3.活動反響。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

ElegantArtintoCampus——————————OnFebruary21，2018，ChristineCheers'worldfellapart.Someoneontheotherendofthephonehadsaidthewordsthatbringparentstotheirknees："There'sbeenanaccident."Her32-year-oldNavyflightsurgeonJameswasinjuredinatrainingmission.Athospital,ChristineandherhusbandDavidweretoldthathewouldneverbreatheonhisownandhewouldneversmileatthemagain.

ItwastimeforChristinetohonorthespiritofhersonwhohadswitchedhismajorfromcommerceengineeringtopremed（醫(yī)學(xué)預(yù)科）becausehewantedtohelppeople.Itwastimetomakehereveryworstdaysomestranger'sbestone.Sheinstructedthehospitaltobegintheorgandonationprocess.ChristineCheerswasn'tleavingthehospitaluntileverylastoneofherson'sorgansleftthebuilding.SheandDavidwatchedhospitalemployeescarrycoolersfromtheoperationroom.Thelastonewashisheart."ThatwastheoneIcaredaboutmost,"Christinesays,"Withbraveryandselflessness,Jameshadsuchanamazingheart."SeeingJames'sheartleavethebuilding,Christinefellintoasadnesssodeepthatclimbingoutseemedimpossible.HeronlycomfortwouldbetofindoutthatJames'sorganshadhelpedpeople,soshewroteeachreceiveraletterjusttoknowiftheyweredoingallright.

Mikecozen,acyclist,hadahearttransplant.James'sheart!Twomonthsafterthesurgery,Mikegotacallfromtheorganizationthatarrangedthetransplant（移植）.TheyhadaletterforhimfromJames'smother.AshereadChristine'sletter,Mikebegantounderstandjusthowspecialhisnewheartwas.EagertoknowmoreaboutJames,Mikegoggledhim.Hefoundtheyhadalotincommon.Theywerebothathleticandpracticallythesameage.AnotherthinghelearnedaboutJames：Hisgravesite（墓地）wasinJacksonville-theothersideofthecountry.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Uponrecovery,Mikeannouncedonsocialmediatotakeacross-countrytrip.____________

MikegotoffhisbikeandwalkedstraighttoChristine,whowaswaitingatthegravesite.________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、A

【解析】（1）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Note中的WhenusingaSmileCard,remembernottojusthanditoutbyitself.TheideaistodosomethingkindforsomeoneandthenleavetheSmileCardbehind（當(dāng)使用微笑卡片時，記住不要把它單獨分發(fā)出去。這個想法是為別人做一些善良的事情，然后把微笑卡片留在身后。）可知，做一件善良的事情時，可以使用微笑卡，因此C.You'veorderedlunchforapoorfriend.（你為一個窮朋友點了午餐）屬于做的善事。故選C。

（2）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的PleasetelluswhatinspiredyoutoorderSmileCards,andgiveusanexampleofakindactyou'dliketodousingthem.（請告訴我們是什么激發(fā)了你訂購微笑卡片，并給我們一個你想用它們做的善良行為的例子。）可知，要申請微笑卡片，需要告訴你想為別人做什么。故選D。

（3）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Note中的sothattheyknowsomeonereachedouttothem,andthattheyareinvitedtopay-forwardthekindnessandkeeptherippledgoing!（這樣他們就知道有人向他們伸出了援手，他們也被邀請來傳遞這種善良，讓這種行為繼續(xù)下去!）可知，使用微笑卡是鼓勵人們傳遞善良。故選A。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了微笑卡卡片，并講述如何申請微笑卡，微笑卡的使用注意事項和背后負責(zé)的團隊。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

4~7.【答案】A、B、A、C

【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Ishookmyhead,"No,believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjustbringingittothem."（我搖搖頭，"不，相信我。我今天不小心在郵箱里收到了這封郵件。我只是把它帶給他們"。）以及第四段第一、二句pIgottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.TheannoyedtallmanhadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyoldwomangoingaroundmixingupeveryone'smail.（第二天早上，我被兩個非常有禮貌的警察敲了敲門。那個生氣的高個子男人打電話給警察，說我是個瘋婆，到處弄亂每個人的郵件）可知，那位男子不相信作者的解釋，選擇了報警。故選A項。

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句BeforeIcouldfinishtellingthemaboutwhatwasgoingon,theofficershadwatchedadogapproachmymailboxwithmailinhismouth.Hetookoutthemailthatwasinmyboxandputlettersin.Hepushedthedoorclosedwithhisnose,pickedupthenewpileofmailhehadgottenfrommybox,andrepeatedthisallthewaydownthenextstreet.（我還沒來得及告訴他們發(fā)生了什么事，警察們就看到一只嘴里叼著郵件的狗走近了我的郵箱。它把我信箱里的信拿出來，把它帶來的放了進去。它用鼻子把門關(guān)上，拿起從我的信箱里新收來的一堆信件，這樣重復(fù)著這個做法，走到下一條街。）可知，警察在上門調(diào)查時撞見并親眼目睹了那只狗取信件和放信件的全過程，由此發(fā)現(xiàn)了真相，故選B項。

（3）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Thedoghadbelongedtoamailcarrierwhohaddied.Noonethoughttocheck（thecarrierlivedalone）ontheman'sdog.Thedoghadbeentrainedtoputmailinandtakemailoutoftheboxes.Whenhegotloose,heassumedhisduties.（這只狗的主人是一個已經(jīng)去世的郵遞員。沒有人想到要檢查一下這個人的狗。這條狗經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練，能把郵件放進盒子里，把郵件取出來。當(dāng)它未拴住的時候，它就履行自己的職責(zé)。）可知，這只狗受過訓(xùn)練會取放信件。在郵遞員去世后，它依舊履行職責(zé)，可見它是一只訓(xùn)練有素且忠誠的狗，故選A項。

（4）C.標題歸納題。文章主要圍繞我和鄰居因為一封信件而產(chǎn)生的誤會展開，講述了由一只小狗引起的信件投遞烏龍事件。中心主要圍繞送信一事，故選C項。

文章為一篇記敘文，主要圍繞我和鄰居的誤會展開，講述了由一只小狗引起的信件烏龍事件。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

8~11.【答案】B、D、A、D

【解析】（1）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"ManystudentsseemunwillingtocorrectmewhenIattempttolearntheirnamescorrectly.（當(dāng)我試圖正確記住他們的名字時，許多學(xué)生似乎不愿意糾正我。）"可知，當(dāng)學(xué)生聽到自己的名字被喊錯時，他們不會去糾正，即接受被叫錯。故選B項。

（2）D.推理判斷題。"resumewhitening"出現(xiàn)在第四段，根據(jù)上一句"Thisisespeciallythecasewhenitcomestoseekingjobs.Racialandculturalminoritiesoftenattempttoavoiddiscriminationhiringbyhidingracialcuesontheresumeincludingchangingtheirname.（在找工作的時候尤其如此。種族和文化上的少數(shù)族裔經(jīng)常試圖通過在簡歷中隱藏種族暗示，包括更改他們的名字，來避免在招聘時受到歧視。）"可知，this指代的是前一句話，即種族人群在找工作時會為了避免遭到種族歧視而選擇更改他們的名字；resume意為"簡歷"，whiten為"使……變白"，D項"ApracticeofusingWesternnamesinjobseeking.（在求職時使用西方名字的做法。）"，把隱含有種族暗示的原來的名字換成西方人的名字填寫在簡歷上，以便找到工作，符合題意。故選D項。

（3）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句"Ontheotherend,thosewithethnicnamesfrequentlydon'tcorrectpeople,evenwhentheirnameispronouncedwrongrepeatedly,feelingitisbetterjusttokeepthepeaceandnotstandoutforbeingdifficult.（另一方面，那些有少數(shù)民族的姓名的人經(jīng)常不去糾正別人，即使他們的名字被反復(fù)念錯，他們覺得最好保持和平，不要因為太難而顯得突出。）"可知，就是少數(shù)民族人群為了保持和平（避免麻煩），會接受對方叫錯名字。故選A項。

（4）D.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段"Itisimportanttotrytopronounceeveryone'snameastheypronounceit.Thiscommunicatesrespectofthemasapersonandtheirculture.Thereisnothingwrongwithaskingsomeonetorepeattheirnamesothatyoucanlearntopronounceitproperly.Thisisusuallyappreciated.（每個人的名字都要念出來，這很重要。這傳達了對他們個人和他們文化的尊重。讓別人重復(fù)他們的名字，這樣你就可以正確地發(fā)音了。這通常是值得贊賞的。）"可知，作者對正確叫出少數(shù)民族的姓名這事持支持態(tài)度。A.Critical批評的；B.Uncaring不關(guān)心的；C.Reserved保守的；D.Supportive支持的。故選D項。

本文為一篇記敘文。文章介紹了少數(shù)族裔人群在別人念錯他們名字時往往選擇接收而非糾錯，并且會選擇重新取一個英文名字的現(xiàn)象以及背后顯現(xiàn)的社會問題。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

12~15.【答案】D、B、C、C

【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Now,modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe'vegotitbackward."（現(xiàn)在，像迷走神經(jīng)理論這樣的模型表明我們把它弄反了。）可知，提到這個理論證明我們將抑郁癥理解反了，所以這個理論是用來糾正我們對抑郁癥的既有觀點。故選D。

（2）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Whenwethinkofdepressionasunnecessarysuffering,wearetellingpeoplewithdepressionthattheyarenotpartofthegroup,theyarenotrightandtheydon'tbelong.Thatrobsthemofhope."（當(dāng)我們認為抑郁癥是不必要的痛苦時，我們就是在告訴抑郁癥患者，他們不屬于這個群體，他們是不對的，他們不屬于這個群體。這剝奪了他們的希望。）可知，這是人們對抑郁癥通常的看法，所以人們往往會認為得抑郁癥是一件不好的事情，故選B。

（3）C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段"Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected."（它能減輕痛苦，讓我們感到疏離。）以及"Thinkofsomereptiles（爬行動物），whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater."（想想一些爬行動物，它們關(guān)閉自己的身體以避免寒冷的溫度和缺乏食物和水。）可知，immobilization這個詞的大概意思可以得到推斷，就是減少活動，減少與周圍人的接觸，A.Building

up

anxiety增加焦慮；B.Rising

to

challenged接受挑戰(zhàn)；C.Shutting

down

action關(guān)閉操作；D.Pulling

through

a

crisis.渡過危機。故選C。

（4）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"IfourANSdetectsathreatorevenasimplelackofsafety,itsnextstrategyisthefightorflightresponse,whichweoftenfeelasanxiety.Sometimesthethreatissobadorgoesonforsolong,thatthenervoussystemdecidesthereisnowaytofightortoflee.Atthatpoint,thereisonlyoneoptionleft：immobilization."（如果我們的ANS檢測到威脅，甚至是簡單的缺乏安全感，它的下一個策略就是戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)，我們通常會感到焦慮。有時威脅太嚴重或持續(xù)時間太長，以致神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)決定沒有辦法戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑。在這一點上，只剩下一個選擇：固化。）以及第五段"Inhumans,peopleoftendescribefeeling"outoftheirbodies"duringextremelyunpleasantevents,whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock."（在人類中，人們經(jīng)常描述在極度不愉快的事件中"欣喜若狂"的感覺，這具有減少情緒沖擊的防御作用。）可知，我們的身體對一個極其不愉快的情況的反應(yīng)順序是①檢測到威脅②下一個策略就是戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)③感受到情緒沖擊④防御。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了抑郁癥并非如大多人所想的那樣是給人帶來痛苦的，相反它是一種自我保護機制。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

16~20.【答案】A、G、D、C、E

【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Failureisanimportantprocessyoucanlearnfrom.（失敗是一個重要的過程，你可以從中學(xué)習(xí)）可知，上文提出失敗重要的是過程，從中學(xué)習(xí)，推測本句承接上文繼續(xù)說明失敗的重要意義：這意味著你盡力了。故A選項"最重要的是，這意味著你盡力了"符合語境，故選A。

（2）G.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Mostpeopleviewfailureassomethingthatshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.（大多數(shù)人認為應(yīng)該不惜一切代價避免失敗）以及后文"Itmayhavebeenan"F"wereceivedonapaperorthehighexpectationsourparentsplaceduponourshouldersthatstoppedusfromtrying.（也許是我們的試卷得了個"F"，或者是父母對我們寄予的厚望阻止了我們?nèi)L試）"可知，人們認為失敗是生活中無論如何都要避免的東西，后幾句講述的是我們小時候的一些失敗，故推測本句在講人們對失敗的看法，故G選項"我們往往把失敗和我們小時候的糟糕經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來"符合語境，故選G。

（3）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)后文Shehadzeroexperienceintheclothingindustry,lackedaneducationinbusinessandraisedonly＄5，000toinvest.Whenaskedwhereshefoundthecourage,shegaveallcredittoherdad.Whilemostparentsasktheirkids,"Howwasyourday？"whensittingdownfordinner,Sara'sparentsaskedherandherbrother,"Whatdidyoufailattoday？"eachandeverynight.（她在服裝行業(yè)沒有任何經(jīng)驗，沒有接受過商業(yè)教育，也只籌集到了5000美元用于投資。當(dāng)被問及她的勇氣來自何處時，她把一切歸功于她的父親。當(dāng)大多數(shù)父母問他們的孩子，"你今天過得怎么樣？"當(dāng)坐下來吃晚飯時，薩拉的父母每天晚上問她和她的兄弟"你們今天失敗了什么？"）"可知，后文說Sara在服裝業(yè)沒有經(jīng)驗，沒有商業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，也沒有錢投資，她只有她父親的教誨，"你今天失敗了什么"，可知這一段并在講Sara經(jīng)歷的困難。故D選項"早期，Sara克服了一系列的困難"符合語境，故選D。

（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文WheninterviewedbyCNN'sAndersonCooper,Sarasaid,"Insteadoffailurebeingtheoutcome,failurebecamenottrying.Itforcedmeatayoungagetowanttopushmyselfsomuchfurtheroutofmycomfortzone."（在接受CNN的安德森?庫珀采訪時，薩拉說："失敗不是結(jié)果，而是不去嘗試。它迫使我在很小的時候就想要把自己推得遠遠的離開我的舒適區(qū)。"）"以及后文"Itbecamemoreaboutlearningandlessaboutapersonalweakness.（它更多的是關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)，而不是一個人的弱點）可知，空前說，失敗并非結(jié)果，而是一種不愿嘗試的想法，講的是失敗的定義；空后說，失敗更多是關(guān)于吸取教訓(xùn)，而非個人弱點，講的也是失敗的定義。此外，這種失敗的定義讓Sara脫離了自己的舒適圈，所以這里在說Sara父親重新定義的失敗對Sara的影響。故C選項"在現(xiàn)實中，Sara的父親重新定義了失敗"符合語境，故選C。

（5）E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Ifweviewfailureasweakness,weavoidsteppingoutofourcomfortzone.（如果我們把失敗看成軟弱，我們就會避免走出自己的舒適區(qū)）以及后文"Itdoesnotdefineus,butinsteadmaturesus.I'msurethattherearemanyriskswewouldalltakeinourpersonal,professionalandspirituallivesifwecouldgetpastafearoffailure.（它不能定義我們，反而使我們成熟。我敢肯定，如果我們能克服對失敗的恐懼，我們在個人生活、職業(yè)生涯和精神生活中都會承擔(dān)許多風(fēng)險）"可知，前文說，如果認為失敗是一種個人弱點，我們就不會脫離自己的舒適圈，講的是反面；后文說，我們不由失敗定義，而從失敗中受到啟發(fā)進而成長，講的是正面，所以本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出失敗的定義和作用。故E選項"相反，我們必須提醒自己，失敗是一種行動"符合語境，故選E。

這是一篇記敘文。文章通過講述Spanx的創(chuàng)始人SaraBlakely的故事來告訴我們該如何對待失敗。SaraBlakely的父親重新定義了失敗，他讓孩子明白，失敗并不是最終結(jié)果，而只是缺乏嘗試。失敗沒有定義我們，而是讓我們成長，讓我們脫離舒適區(qū)并變成一個更優(yōu)秀的人。

七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀，和完形填空很類似，不同的是一個選詞，一個選句子。解題時，要注意上下文語境，充分考慮信息詞（選項中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞），選出最符合語境的句子。

21~35.【答案】B、D、C、D、C、B、A、C、D、A、B、A、B、C、A

【解析】（1）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.strength力量；B.confidence自信；C.imagination想像；D.gratitude感謝。句意：我滿懷激情，充滿信心地寫了它。根據(jù)前文中"with

great

passion"可知，作者在寫新書時懷著很大的熱情，因此投稿時也十分自信，故選B。

（2）D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.admired羨慕；B.delayed（使）延期；C.accepted接受；D.rejected拒絕。句意：但出版商拒絕了。由But可知，和前文作者信心滿滿地投稿形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，推測作者的稿子被拒絕了，reject符合題意，故選D。

（3）C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.normal正常的；B.desired期望得到的；C.same

一樣的；D.satisfying令人滿意的。句意：我把它寄給了另外兩三家出版商。同樣的結(jié)果!根據(jù)上文"Isent

it

to

two

or

three

other

publishers."和results后的感嘆號可知，作者接連投稿兩三家出版社，都得到一樣的結(jié)果（被拒絕），故選C。

（4）D.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.cut

out切斷；B.burnt

up燒毀；C.tore

apart撕碎；D.put

away收起，放好。句意：我把小說收了起來。根據(jù)下文"But

I

couldn't

stop（5）"可知，作者是把小說收起來了，但是并沒有停止寫作。故選D。

（5）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.thinki