全罩項(xiàng)目制作技術(shù)

-、本工程采用的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和施工技術(shù)要求

MajorStandardsandConstructiontechniquerequirementforthisProject:

1.BSEN287-1:2004

^Qualificationtestofwelders-----Fusionwelding)》

2.BSEN1714:1998

^Non—destructivetestingofwelds------Ultrasonictestingofweldedjoints》

3.BSEN1435:1997

《Non-destructivetestingofwelds------Radiographictestingofweldedjoints》

4.BSEN1290：1998

《Non-destructivetestingofwelds------Magneticparticletestingofwelds》

5.BSEN10160：1999

《Ultrasonictestingofsteelflatproductofthicknessequalorgreaterthan6mm(reflectionmethod)》

6.GB50205-2001《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》

GB50205-2001CodeforConstructionQualityAcceptanceofSteelStructureEngineering

7.JGJ81-2002《建筑鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接規(guī)程》

JGJ81-2002TechnicalSpecificationforWeldingofSteelStructureofBuilding

8.設(shè)計(jì)施工圖及技術(shù)文件

Constructiondesigndrawingandtechnicaldocuments

施工時(shí)應(yīng)按施工設(shè)計(jì)圖、焊接工藝及有關(guān)技術(shù)規(guī)范和工藝規(guī)范正確地制造及驗(yàn)收；執(zhí)行過程中

工藝未涉及和包括的部分，按上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行。在施工過程中，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行“質(zhì)量、職業(yè)健康安全、環(huán)境”

三合一管理體系，確保工程施工質(zhì)量。

Manufactureandacceptanceshouldproperlyaccordtotheconstructiondesigndrawing>weldingprocedure>

relevanttechnicalspecificationandprocedurespecification.Anyinformationthatisnotmentionedonthe

ProcedureduringexecutionshouldaccordtotheaboveStandards.Duringconstruction,amanagement

systemthatintegratesquality>vocationalhealthandsafety>environmentwillbemaintainedstrictly,assuring

theconstructionqualityofthisProject.

二、材料要求及管理Materialsrequirementandmanagement

(—)材料的選用Materialsselection

1、一般要求Generalrequirement：

1)所使用的材料應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和歐洲現(xiàn)行有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，不得使用無質(zhì)量證明的鋼材。并且

具有材料供貨廠家提供的材料質(zhì)量合格證明書，包括材料等級(jí)、化學(xué)成份和機(jī)械性能。

ThechosenmaterialsshouldcomplywithdesignrequirementandcurrentrelevantStandardsof

Europewithoutusingthematerialsthathavenoqualificationcertificate.Thematerialqualification

certificateprovidedbythematerialsupplierwillbemaintained,includingthematerialsgrade>

chemicalpropertyandmechanicalpropertyinformation.

2）若確實(shí)因采購(gòu)困難需要材料代用時(shí)，必須提出代用原因及書面報(bào)告,經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)院同意后方可代用。

Iftherehastousethesubstitutedmaterialsduetotheprocurementdifficulties,

thereasonsforsubstitutionandwrittenreportmustbeprovidedandapprovedbythe

designinstitutepriortousethem.

2、鋼材材質(zhì)要求Requirementformaterials：

1）本工程所有材料應(yīng)符合EN10025和EN10113的鋼種S275到S460,和符合SNIP11-23-81（或

同等烏克蘭規(guī)程）的鋼種C235到C345o

AllthematerialsusedfbrthisProjectshallcomplywiththerequirementofsteeltypefromS275to

S460ofENI0025andEN10113andsteeltypefromC235toC345ofSNIPII-23-81（orequivalent

UkraineStandard）.

2）S275到S460鋼種,其質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合EN10025和EN10113的規(guī)定，應(yīng)具有屈服強(qiáng)度（或屈服點(diǎn)）、

抗拉強(qiáng)度、伸長(zhǎng)率、沖擊試驗(yàn)、冷彎試驗(yàn)和碳硫磷含量的合格保證。

ThequalityofsteeltypefromS275toS460shallcomplywithENI0025andEN10113,theyshould

maintaintheproperfeaturessuchasyieldstrength（orpoint）>tensilestrength、elongationrate>impact>

coldbendingandpropercompositionsofcarbon、sulfurandphosphor.

3）鋼材質(zhì)量要求Qualityrequirementformaterials

令鋼材表面不允許有裂紋、結(jié)疤、折疊、麻紋、氣泡和夾雜；鋼材表面的銹蝕、麻點(diǎn)、劃傷和壓

痕，其深度不得大于該鋼板厚度負(fù)允許偏差值的l/2o

Nocrack>scar、bend、pockedlines、porositiesandslagsinclusionsareallowedontheplatesurface；

Thedepthofcorrosion>pork>scratchingmark、impressshouldnotexceed1/2ofminusvalueofthe

thicknesstoleranceoftheplate.

令鋼材端面或斷口處不應(yīng)有分層、夾雜等缺陷。

Defectslikelaminationandoverlaparenotallowedontheendfaceandcutplaceofplate.

令鋼材應(yīng)滿足零下50度沖擊試驗(yàn)要求，沖擊功大于27焦耳的中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料。

PlatesofChineseStandardshouldmeettherequirementofconductingimpactinthetemperatureof

-50℃,andtheimpactshouldbegreaterthat27joule.

3、焊接材料Weldingmaterials

焊接材料應(yīng)與主體金屬相適應(yīng)，且符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的規(guī)定。焊條質(zhì)量要求應(yīng)符合《低碳鋼焊條》

(GB5117-85)的規(guī)定；采用自動(dòng)或半自動(dòng)焊接時(shí)所用的焊絲和焊劑，其質(zhì)量要求應(yīng)符合《熔化焊

用鋼絲》(GB/T14957-94).《氣體保護(hù)焊用鋼絲》(GB/T8110-95).用氐合金鋼埋弧焊劑》

(GB/T12470-90)的規(guī)定，并提供焊材質(zhì)量保證書。見下表。

WeldingmaterialsshouldmatchthebasemetalandmeettherelevantStandardsandSpecifications.

Qualityofweldingrodshouldcomplywith《LowCarbonSteelWeldingRodHGB5117-85);welding

wireandweldingfluxusedinautoandsemi-autoweldingoperationsshouldcomplywiththe

requirementof《SteelWiresforMeltWelding》(GB/T14957-94)>iSteelWiresforGMAW》

(GB/T8110-95)、《WeldingFluxforLowAlloyedSteelSubmergedWelding》(GB/T12470-90)

翱使用表

-絲、埋弧自動(dòng)焊C02氣體保護(hù)焊手工焊

鋼材材質(zhì)-SAW-GMAW-SMAW

HOSMnAE5016

S355NLER50-6

+SJ101E5017

(二)材料管理Materialsmanagement

1鋼材的管理Steelplatemanagement

1)本工程所采用的鋼材，應(yīng)具有質(zhì)量證明書，在進(jìn)料時(shí)應(yīng)核對(duì)材料質(zhì)量證明書，并對(duì)材料的牌

號(hào)、規(guī)格、數(shù)量、外觀質(zhì)量等進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，及時(shí)核對(duì)實(shí)物與材料質(zhì)量證明書是否相符，并符合

相應(yīng)的材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及設(shè)計(jì)要求。

ThesteelplatesusedforthisProjectshouldmaintainqualificationcertificate,whichshouldbe

checkeduponreceivingmaterialstogetherwithotheritemssuchasmaterialbrand、specification>

quantityandappearancequality,assuringtherealmaterialsmatchthecertificateandthe

requirementofrelevantStandardanddesign.

2)鋼板、型鋼、管材等材料需做工程識(shí)別顏色、材質(zhì)、規(guī)格等標(biāo)識(shí)，遇有領(lǐng)取部分材料時(shí)，所

剩部分的標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)隨即標(biāo)示上去。

Projectidentificationcolorandmarksforthematerialsgradeandspecificationshouldbeidentified

fbrmaterialssuchasplates>shapes>tubes.Andtheidentificationmarksneedtobeappliedtothe

restpartifthepartwithmarkistakenaway.

3）材料應(yīng)有序堆放。為防止變形，材料應(yīng)平整地放置，若發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼板平整度超差，下料前必須用

七輻矯平機(jī)或火焰矯正法矯正?；鹧娉C正的溫度應(yīng)控制在900℃以下。

Thematerialsshouldbestoredinsequenceandputthemflatonthegroundtopreventdistortion.If

theflatnessofplateisfoundoutoftolerance,theplatemustbestraightenedbyseven-rolls

machineorflamestraighteningmachinebeforecutting.Thetemperatureofflamestraightening

machineshouldbecontrolledbelow900℃.

4）加工所剩余料，應(yīng)標(biāo)明材質(zhì)、規(guī)格后退庫并登記。

Thegradeandspecificationoftheremainingmaterialsafterprocessingshouldbemarkedand

storedwithregistration.

5）螺栓、小零件及加工完成配件，應(yīng)集中庫存，并于適當(dāng)處所標(biāo)示工程類別、材質(zhì)規(guī)格等。

Bolts>smallpartsandthefabricatedcomponentsshouldbecollectivelystoredandmarkedwith

Projectnameandmaterialsspecificationsandtype.

2、焊材的管理Weldingmaterialsmanagement

1）焊材要有齊全的材質(zhì)證明，并經(jīng)檢查確認(rèn)合格后方可入庫；

Theweldingmaterialsshouldmaintaincompletequalificationcertificateandputintostorageafter

beingcheckedasqualified.

2）焊材應(yīng)根據(jù)材質(zhì)、種類、規(guī)格分類堆放在干燥室；焊條不得有銹蝕、破損、臟物；焊絲不得

有銹蝕、油污；焊劑不得混有雜物。

Theweldingmaterialsshouldbesortedpergrade>typeandspecificationandputinthehothouse;

weldingrodshouldbewithoutcorrosion>damage>dirt;weldingwireshouldbewithoutrust、

corrosionoil;weldingfluxshouldbewithoutanyforeignmaterialsmixedwith.

3）焊材應(yīng)由專人發(fā)放，并作好發(fā)放記錄；焊工應(yīng)按工程要求從倉(cāng)庫領(lǐng)取合格的焊材，領(lǐng)取的焊

條必須置于保溫筒中，隨用隨??；剩余的焊條應(yīng)當(dāng)天退回焊條房。

Weldingmaterialsshouldbedistributedbyaspecificpersonandthedistributionrecordsshouldbe

kept;weldersshallgetthequalifiedweldingmaterialsfromthewarehouseandthesematerials

shouldbeputintotheheatpreservationbarrelreadyfbruse;andtheunusedrodsshouldbe

returnedtothehothouseonthesameday.

4）焊材按使用說明書烘干保溫，并有烘焙記錄備查；烘干焊條時(shí)，應(yīng)防止將焊條突然放進(jìn)高溫

爐內(nèi)，或從高溫中突然取出冷卻，以防止焊條因驟冷驟熱而產(chǎn)生藥皮開裂脫皮現(xiàn)象；焊條烘

烤次數(shù)不得超過2次；

Weldingmaterialsshouldbebakedandpreservedaccordingtotheinstructions,andthebaking

recordsshouldbekeptforcheck;whenbakingrods,therodsshouldbepreventedfromputtinginto

thehightemperaturestoveinasuddenorcooleddowninasuddenaftergettingthemoutofthe

hightemperaturestove,thisaimsatavoidingthecrackandpeelofweldingrodcoating;baking

timesofweldingrodsshouldnotbeovertwice.

3、油漆的管理Paintmanagement

油漆的存儲(chǔ)要采取嚴(yán)格的防火措施。

Strictfireprotectionmeasuresshouldbeadoptedforpaintstorage.

三、加工制作基本技術(shù)要求Basictechnicalrequirementforfabrication

（1）放樣和號(hào)料Layoutandmarking

1）號(hào)料前應(yīng)先確認(rèn)材質(zhì)和熟悉工藝要求，然后根據(jù)排版圖、下料加工單、零件草圖和電腦實(shí)樣

圖進(jìn)行號(hào)料。

ConfirmmaterialsgradeandProcedurerequirementpriortoperformmarking,thencarryout

markingaccordingtothelayoutplanecuttinglist>sparepartssketchesandcomputergenerated

realdrawings.

2）裝配用鋼卷尺必須經(jīng)計(jì)量部門校核，標(biāo)貼修正值后才能使用。

Thetapeusedformeasuringduringassemblyoperationshouldbecalibratedbycalibration

departmentandputintouseafterbeingmodified.

3）號(hào)料的母材須平直無損傷及其他缺陷，否則應(yīng)先矯正或剔除。

Themarkedbasematerialsshouldbeflatandstraightwithoutanydamageordefect,otherwisethe

materialsshouldberectifiedorthrown.

4）劃線精度如下表所示：

Precisionoflayoutisasbelowtable:

允許偏差

項(xiàng)目Items

Allowabledeviation

基準(zhǔn)線，孔距位置

W0.5mm

Baseline,holesdistance

零件外形尺寸

Overalldimensionof<1.0mm

spareparts

5）劃線后應(yīng)標(biāo)明基準(zhǔn)線、中心線和檢驗(yàn)控制點(diǎn)，作記號(hào)時(shí)不得使用鑿子一類的工具，少量的樣

沖標(biāo)記其深度應(yīng)不大于0.5mm,鋼板上不應(yīng)留下任何永久性的劃線痕跡。

Afterlayout,thebaseline>centerlineandinspectioncontrollingpointshouldbeidentified.Chisel

theliketoolscannotbeusedformarking,andthedepthofsmallamountofpunchmarksshould

notbegreaterthan0.5mm,andnopermanentlinemarkcanbeleftontheplate.

6）如果車間內(nèi)不同班組制作加工同一構(gòu)件，或者構(gòu)件的不同零件，各班組使用的計(jì)量器具必須

經(jīng)過專檢部門檢驗(yàn)合格，方可使用，以避免計(jì)量器具產(chǎn)生的誤差對(duì)加工精度的影響。

Ifdifferentteamsintheworkshopfabricatethesamememberordifferentpartsofthesame

member,thecalibrationtoolsusedbyteamsshouldbecheckedbyspecificinspectiondepartment

beforeuseinordertopreventerrorsofthesetoolsthatmayaffecttheprocessingprecision.

（—）切割和刨削Cuttingandgouging

1）本工程中法蘭盤采用數(shù)控氣割機(jī)切割；焊接H型鋼用鋼板采用多頭氣割機(jī)切割，異型板采用

數(shù)控氣割機(jī)切割；一般加勁板采用剪切或采用自動(dòng)或辦自動(dòng)氣割機(jī)切割，嚴(yán)禁手工隨意切割；

管口相貫線的切割必須采用數(shù)控自動(dòng)管口相貫線切割機(jī)加工；大直徑直貫口可采用磁力半自

動(dòng)氣割機(jī)切割。

ForthisProject,digitalcuttingmachinewillbeusedforflangesandspecialshapes;multi-head

cuttingmachineforthebuilt-upHbeam;shearerorautoandsemi-autocuttingmachinefor

ordinarystiffenerswhilemanualcuttingatwillisprohibited;thecuttingofpipeintersectingline

mustbedonebydigitalcontrolcuttingmachinefbrpipeintersectingline;thebigdiameterand

straightintersectingendcanbecutbymagneticsemi-autocuttingmachine.

2）鋼管貫口切割，采用馬鞍形數(shù)控鋼管切割機(jī)精確切割。?根桿件切割完畢，按照切割數(shù)據(jù)示

意圖（或者切管清單中給出的檢查數(shù)據(jù)表）對(duì)已切割桿件的長(zhǎng)度尺寸、貫口形狀和坡口角度

進(jìn)行初步檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)合格后應(yīng)在距貫口200mm處標(biāo)示出該桿件的編號(hào):構(gòu)件號(hào)+桿件號(hào)+端口

標(biāo)識(shí)，同時(shí)在管口內(nèi)側(cè)用記號(hào)筆進(jìn)行標(biāo)注。為便于組裝，所有腹桿的首、尾端貫口分別以“S”、

“E”，標(biāo)識(shí)原則：左（上）端為S端，右（下）端為E端。

Forpipe'sintersectingendcutting,saddle-shapeddigitalcontrolpipecuttingmachinewillbeplied

toperformprecisecuttingwork.Aftercuttingonepiece,conductpreliminarychecktothelength,

intersectingendshapeandgrooveangleofthispiece.Identifythenumber(membernumber+

piecenumber+endmark)ofthequalifiedpieceatthepositionthatis200mmawayfromthe

intersectingend,meanwhile,usemarkpentotheinternalsideofpipe.Inordertoconvenience

assembly,"S"、"E"shouldbemarkedatthefrontandendofallthewebmemberbyfollowing

thisprinciple:Srepresentsleft(up)side,andErepresentsright(down)side.

3)切割前應(yīng)清除母材表面的油污、鐵銹和潮氣，切割后氣割表面應(yīng)光滑無裂紋，熔渣和飛濺物

應(yīng)除去。

Oil、rustandhumidityonthebasematerialsshouldberemovedbeforecutting,theplate

appearanceaftercuttingshouldbesmoothwithoutcracks>slagsandspatters.

4)氣割的精度要求如下表所示Requirementfortheprecisionofgascuttingisasbelowtable：

項(xiàng)目Items允許偏差A(yù)llowabledeviation

零件的寬度和長(zhǎng)度

±1.0mm

Widthandlengthofparts

切割面不垂直度

0.05tand<2.0mm

Non-verticalityofcuttingface

割紋深度

0.2mm

Depthofcut

局部缺口深度

1.0mm

Depthofpartialgap

5）切割后須矯直板材由于切割引起的變形（如旁彎等），然后標(biāo)上零件所屬的工作令號(hào)或構(gòu)件

號(hào)、零件號(hào)后才能流入下一道工序。

Aftercutting,thedistortion（e.g.sidewisebending）causedbycuttingoperationshouldberectified,

thenmarktheworkinstructionnumber>membernumberorpiecenumberthatthispartbelongsto

beforeproceedingintonextprocedure.

6）坡口加工的精度需滿足焊接要求。

Grooveprocessingprecisionshouldmeettherequirementofwelding.

（三）矯正Rectification

鋼材的矯正，一般應(yīng)在常溫下用機(jī)械設(shè)備進(jìn)行，但矯正后的鋼材，表面上不應(yīng)有凹陷、凹痕及其

他損傷。熱矯正時(shí)應(yīng)注意不能損傷母材，加熱的溫度應(yīng)控制在900c以下，低合金鋼嚴(yán)禁用水激

冷，矯正必須避開藍(lán)脆區(qū)溫度(200℃~400℃)o

Usually,platerectificationshouldbedonebymechanicalequipmentunderordinarytemperature.After

rectification,nosunken>dentandotherdamagesareallowedonthesurface.Whenperforming

rectification,payattentiontonothurtthebasematerialsandtheheatingtemperatureshouldbe

controlledunder900℃.Forlowalloyedsteel,coldwaterisprohibitedtousetocooltheplatedown,

andtherectificationoperationshouldstayawayfromthetemperatureofbluebrittlearea(200℃~

400℃).

(四)制孔Holemaking

1.高強(qiáng)螺栓孔優(yōu)先采用數(shù)控鉆床，無法采用數(shù)控鉆床鉆孔時(shí)，應(yīng)采用模板套鉆，少量可采用劃線

鉆孔的方法，劃線鉆孔時(shí)，孔中心應(yīng)打出沖印，以利鉆孔和檢驗(yàn)。

Digitaldrillingmachineispreferredtodrillhighstrengthboltholes.Incasethedigitaldrilling

machinecannotbeused,drillingtemplateshouldbeadopted.Smallamountofholescanbedrilled

bydrawinglines,whenthepunchmarkshouldbeidentifiedonthecenteroftheholeinorderto

facilitateholesdrillingandinspection.

2.本工程管管連接大量采用法蘭連接，對(duì)于同種規(guī)格法蘭盤，必須統(tǒng)一采用模板套鉆，以確保法

蘭連接精度。

ForthisProject,flangeconnectionsbetweenpipesareverycommon.Fortheflangesofthesame

specification,aunifieddrillingtemplateshouldbeadoptedinordertoassuretheconnection

precisionofflanges.

3.高強(qiáng)螺栓孔制孔精度應(yīng)符合相關(guān)精度要求。具體要求見下表。

Holesmakingoperationofhighstrengthboltsshallcomplywiththerelevantrequirementfbr

precision.Pleaserefertothebelowtable:

制孔精度表PrecisionRequirementTableforHolesMaking

螺栓公稱直徑

螺栓公稱直徑螺栓孔直徑

允許偏差mm

螺栓孔直徑允許偏差mm

序號(hào)No.Allowabledeviation

NominaldiameterfbrboltAllowabledeviationfbr

fbrNominal

Diameterofboltholesboltholes

diameter

110-180-0.21+0.18~0

218-300-0.21+0.21~0

330-500~-0.25+0.25~0

4.螺栓孔孔距允許偏差見下表。

Pleaserefertobelowtableforallowabledeviationforboltholesdistance.

孔距允許偏差表Allowabledeviationforboltholesdistance

螺栓孔孔距范圍501―1201-

W500>3000

Rangeofboltholesdistance12003000

同一組內(nèi)任意兩孔間距離

±1.0±1.5--

Anytwoholesdistanceinthesamegroup

相鄰兩組的端孔間距離

Endholesdistancebetweentwoneighboring±1.5±2.0±2.5±3.0

groups

備注Remarks：

1.在節(jié)點(diǎn)中連接板與一根桿件相連的所有螺栓孔為一組；

Theboltsholesthatconnecttheconnectingplateandonemembershouldbelongtothesamegroup;

2.對(duì)連接接頭在拼接板一側(cè)的螺栓孔為一組；

Theboltholesonthesamesideofconnectingplatebelongtothesamegroup;

3.受彎構(gòu)件翼板上的連接螺栓孔，每米長(zhǎng)度范圍內(nèi)的螺栓孔為一組.

Fortheboltholesontheflangeplateofthebendedmember,theholeswithineachonemeterbelongto

thesamegroup.

（五）焊接Welding

1.焊接程序WeldingProcedure

1.1必需的文件Requireddocuments

在進(jìn)行焊接操作之前，賣方或承包商要提交以下給工程師進(jìn)行批準(zhǔn)和同意進(jìn)行焊接：

SupplierorContractorshouldsubmitthefollowingtotheEngineerforapprovalbeforeperforming

welding:

1）焊接工程規(guī)范WeldingProcedureSpecification

2）由ASME授權(quán)的檢查代理或其他主管當(dāng)局鑒定的所謂壓力應(yīng)用的焊接工藝和可應(yīng)用的數(shù)據(jù)表

（WPSs）o

Weldingprocedureandapplicabledatasheets（WPSs）identifiedbytheinspectionagentwhois

authorizedbyASMEorotherlocalauthorities.

3）工藝評(píng)定記錄（PQR）

ProcedureQualificationRecord

4）處理、儲(chǔ)存和分配焊絲的工藝

Proceduresfbrdisposing、storinganddistributingweldingwires

5）所有車間圖紙或任何其他根據(jù)AWSA2.4中的焊接符號(hào)的相關(guān)工程文件上的每個(gè)焊縫的選擇

的焊接工藝的鑒定

Identificationstoalltheworkshopdrawingsandtoanyotherweldingproceduresregardingeach

welddescribedontherelevantProjectdocumentsoftheweldingsymbolsindicatedonAWSA2.4.

6）使得破裂和扭曲最小化的焊接順序的計(jì)劃，要符合幾何公差。

Theweldingsequencethatisdesignedtominimizebreaksanddistortionsshouldaccordtothe

tolerancerequirement.

1.2資格Qualifications

除非在產(chǎn)品規(guī)范中有其他規(guī)定，焊接工藝要根據(jù)以下可適用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及其各自的測(cè)試方法進(jìn)行測(cè)試

資格認(rèn)證。

Otherwiseitisseparatelyindicated,theweldingproceduresshouldbequalifiedperthefollowing

applicableStandardsandtheirowntestingmethods.

1）ASME,SectionIX

2）AWSD1.1,D1.3/D9.1

1.3證書Certificate

任何以AWSDI.3為基礎(chǔ)的工藝都要由工程師批準(zhǔn)。

AnyproceduresthatbaseonAWSD1.3shallbeapprovedbytheEngineer.

對(duì)于熱交換器使用的任何以ASME,SectionIX為基礎(chǔ)的工藝，都要由授權(quán)的檢查代理批準(zhǔn)。

AnyproceduresthatbaseonASME,SectionIXusedbytheheatexchangershouldbeapprovedbythe

authorizedinspectionrepresentative.

1.4工程師批準(zhǔn)Engineer^approval

如果有要求，所有焊接工藝都要由工程師鑒定并批準(zhǔn)后方能使用。工程師批準(zhǔn)是在相關(guān)規(guī)范的一

般和特殊要求的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的，包括附加的條件。工程師有權(quán)在批準(zhǔn)焊接工藝前要求得到焊接順

序的信息。

Alltheweldingprocedurescanonlybeputintouseafterbeingidentifiedandapprovedbythe

Engineerifrequired.TheEngineer'sapprovalisbasedonthegeneralrequirementandspecial

requirementoftherelevantSpecifications,includingtheadditionalrequirements.TheEngineeris

entitledtoobtaintheinformationaboutweldingprocedurebeforeissuingapproval.

1.5執(zhí)行Execution

每個(gè)焊接工藝中描述的焊接參數(shù)和材料在資格認(rèn)證和產(chǎn)品使用中都要嚴(yán)格遵守。

Weldingparametersandmaterialsindicatedoneachweldingprocedureshouldbestrictlyabidedby

whenconductingqualificationcertificationandusingtheproduct.

關(guān)于焊接過程中引起的能量級(jí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作要特別注意。

Specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheenergylevelstandardoperationscausedduringweldingprocess.

2.焊接消耗品Weldingconsumables

2.1選擇Selection

焊接的填充材料要和基礎(chǔ)材料一致，并要符合每個(gè)產(chǎn)品種類的多種可適用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。填充材

料要根據(jù)所有以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行鑒定：

Thefillingmaterialsshouldmatchthebasematerialsandcanfitfordifferentkindofproduct.The

fillingmaterialsshallbeidentifiedperthefollowingStandard:

1)AWSA5系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；和AWSA5seriesStandards,and

2)制造商的指示Instructionsgivenbythemanufacturer

焊接工藝中的填充材料要完全鑒定。包括鉗或銀的填充材料不能用于含碳素鋼的基礎(chǔ)材料中。

Thefillingmaterialsindicatedontheweldingprocedureshallbeidentifiedcompletely.Filling

materialslikemolybdenumornickelcannotbeusedinthebasematerialsthatcontaincarbonelement.

對(duì)以下各種工藝的要求如下。所有反對(duì)的要求，賣方或供應(yīng)商都要向工程師提出，得到批準(zhǔn)：

Therequirementsforvariousproceduresareasbelow.Ifanydisagreementregardingthese

requirements,bothsupplierandmanufacturershouldputforwardtotheEngineerforapproval:

1)SMAW-基礎(chǔ)的，有包覆的金屬焊條；

SMAW—basic,metalweldingrodwithcoating

2)FCAW一半自動(dòng)或機(jī)械化，CH一型，管狀焊條，外部有氨基氣體隔離。

FCAW-semiautomaticormechanical,CH-shape,tubeshapeweldingrod,withargonasa

separationwiththeoutside.

3)GMAW一半自動(dòng)或機(jī)械化，外部有最小含量為80%的氮?dú)飧綦x。

GMAW-semiautomaticormechanical,theminimum80%argonisasaseparationwiththe

outside.

4)SAW一機(jī)械化；含鎰量小于1.4%,且含硅量小于80%的固體金屬絲。焊劑要為堿性或中性；

堿性和中性的級(jí)別要有證明文件

SAW-mechanical,asolidmetalwirewithmanganesecontentlessthan1.4%andsilicon

contentlessthan80%.Weldingfluxshouldbealkalineormoderate;bothalkalineandmoderate

gradesshouldbeprovedbydocumentation.

5)GTAW一手動(dòng)，使用焊絲，有氧氣保護(hù)和鴇焊條。

GTAW-manual,weldingwireswillbeused,includinggas-tungstenweldingwires.

2.2測(cè)試和證書Testingandcertificate

使用的所有焊條都要由制造商證明，并提交給工程師批準(zhǔn)。

AlltheweldingrodstobeusedneedtobecertifiedbythemanufacturerandsubmittedtotheEngineer.

證書要指出根據(jù)AWSA5系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行的測(cè)試的結(jié)果，并要根據(jù)產(chǎn)品規(guī)范中描述的任何其他要求。

TheCertificateshouldindicatethetestingresultsoftheAWSA5seriesStandardsandaccordtoany

otherrequirementsdescribedontheproductspecifications.

3.焊接工藝WeldingProcedures

根據(jù)指定要求進(jìn)行焊接工藝的選擇師賣方或承包商的責(zé)任；但是，要有工程師的批準(zhǔn)。某些情況

下，工程師可以指定產(chǎn)品規(guī)范中的某種焊接工藝。

DeterminetheresponsibilitiesoftheSupplierorContractoraccordingtothespecifiedwelding

procedures,however,theapprovalaboutthisshouldbeobtainedfromtheEngineer.Insome

circumstances,theEngineercanspecifyanycertainweldingproceduredescribedintheproduct

specification.

每個(gè)焊接的焊接工藝的選擇都要有焊接方面的專業(yè)工程師批準(zhǔn)。

SelectionofanyweldingprocedureshouldbeapprovedbytheEngineerwhoisinpossessofwelding

speciality.

4.焊接管理Weldingmanagement

在所有情況下，焊接都要在一位有資格的焊接監(jiān)理的監(jiān)督下，根據(jù)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。

Inallthecases,weldingoperationshouldbedoneunderthesupervisionofaqualifiedwelding

supervisorwithrelevantStandardreferto.

5.焊接人員證書Weldingoperator^certificate

5.1范圍Personnelscope

焊接人員包括定位搭焊工，焊工和焊接機(jī)器操作工。

Weldingpersonnelincludestheoperatorsperformtactwelding>weldersandweldingmachine

operators.

焊接要由資格的人員，根據(jù)焊接工藝、焊縫類型、焊絲、壁厚和焊接位置來執(zhí)行，全部操作都要

根據(jù)以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及其各自的方法的要求：

Weldingshouldbeperformedbythequalifiedpersonsaccordingtotheweldingprocedure>weldtype>

weldingwire、thicknessofplateandweldingpositions.Alltheoperationsshouldfollowbelow

Standardsandtheirownrequirements:

1)ASME,SectionIX儲(chǔ)槽，水管，熱交換器和壓力容器和管道

ASME,SectionIX,storetank>waterpipe>heatexchanger>pressurevesselandpipe.

2)AWSDI.1,DI.3/D9.1

5.2資格和證明記錄QualificationandRecord

賣方或承包商要保持關(guān)于其焊接人員的每日更新的文件，這些要提交個(gè)工程師在整個(gè)工程的過程

中進(jìn)行確認(rèn)。賣方或承包商要確定定位焊接工、焊工和焊接機(jī)器操作工有必要的資格和證明來達(dá)到焊

接要求。

TheSupplierorContractorshouldkeepthedailyupdateddocumentsoftheirweldingoperators,and

submittotheEngineerforapprovalthroughthewholeProject.TheSupplierandContractorshouldmake

surethequalificationsoftheirtackweldingoperators>weldersandweldingmachineoperatorshave

necessaryqualificationsthatcanprovetheirskills.

所有WPS/PQRs在開始制作前要通過工程師批準(zhǔn)。

AlltheWPS/PQRsmustbeapprovedbytheEngineerpriortofabrication.

單個(gè)焊接人員進(jìn)行的焊接要進(jìn)行清楚的確認(rèn)。應(yīng)用的方法要在賣方或供應(yīng)商的檢查和測(cè)試計(jì)劃中

進(jìn)行描述。

Theweldingperformedbyanysingleweldingoperatorwillbeconfirmedclearly,andtheapplied

weldingmethodshouldbedescribedonthetestingplanofSupplierorContractor.

6.檢查員的檢查和資格Inspectionconductedbytheinspectorsandtheirqualifications

賣方或承包商有責(zé)任檢查所有焊接和焊縫。

TheSupplierorContractorisresponsibleforinspectingalltheweldingandwelds

非破壞性測(cè)試的范圍和種類要在產(chǎn)品規(guī)范中詳細(xì)說明。信息要根據(jù)AWSA2.4在車間圖紙上詳細(xì)

標(biāo)出。非破壞性測(cè)試工藝在焊接開始前要提交給工程師批準(zhǔn)。

NDTscopeandcategoryshouldbedescribedindetailintheproductspecification.Therelevantinformation

shouldbemarkedontheshopdrawingsperAWSA2.4.NDTprocedureneedstobesubmittedtothe

Engineerpriortowelding.

根據(jù)上述的可適用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的檢查和質(zhì)量控制要求，和產(chǎn)品規(guī)范的檢查和質(zhì)量控制要求的檢查和測(cè)

試計(jì)劃，要以檢查和測(cè)試清單或檢查和測(cè)試計(jì)劃的形式提交給工程師批準(zhǔn)。

TheInspectionandTestingPlanrequiredbytheaboveapplicableStandardandproductSpecification

shouldbesubmittedtotheEngineerinthespecificformforapproval.

根據(jù)檢查和測(cè)試計(jì)劃或清單，進(jìn)行焊接和焊縫的檢查和非破壞性測(cè)試的賣方或承包商的檢查員，

要根據(jù)AWSQC1進(jìn)行資格認(rèn)證和鑒定。

InspectorsassignedbytheSupplierorContractortoperformNDTtotheweldingandtheweldsaccordingto

theInspectionandTestingPlanshouldbequalifiedbyAWSQC1.

7.焊接基本要求Basicrequirementforwelding

1)焊工應(yīng)持證上崗從事焊接作業(yè)，并與焊工資質(zhì)等級(jí)相適應(yīng)。

Theweldersshouldholdcertificateatworkandtheworktheyperformshouldmatchtheir

certificate.

2)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接應(yīng)符合《建筑鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接規(guī)程》(JGJ81-91)的規(guī)定。

SteelstructureweldingshouldcomplywithTechnicalSpecificationforWeldingofSteelStructureof

Building(JGJ81-91)

3)根據(jù)本工程鋼材材質(zhì)、規(guī)格選用合適的焊接工藝評(píng)定，并編制焊接工藝指導(dǎo)書。

Choosetheproperweldingprocedureandpreparetheprocedurequalificationrecordbasedonthe

steelmaterialsandspecification.

4)根據(jù)母材性能、技術(shù)要求及施工條件，焊接方法、焊接規(guī)范的選用參見下表。

Selectionofweldingmethodandweldingspecificationwillbaseonthepropertiesofbase

materials,technicalrequirementandconstructionconditions.Seebelowtable:

焊條(焊

焊材絲)

焊接焊接條件Weldingconditions

牌號(hào)焊接Welding

方法

Welding位置rod(wire)

Welding

materialsWeldtypes直徑焊接速度

method焊接電流焊接電壓

brandname(mm)(cm/min)

Current(A)Voltage(V)

DiameterSpeed

手弧焊03.2100^13022~24—

ManualarcJ506定位焊Tackweld04.0150^19023~25—

weldingJ50605.0180^22024~26—

氮弧焊