動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)

動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1一、語(yǔ)態(tài)(RevisethePassiveVoice)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（theactivevoice）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（thepassivevoice）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：用公式表示為:(主動(dòng))S+V+O

S(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S),

如：MissLiisteachingmusicnow.

3一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/aregiven過(guò)去was/weregiven將來(lái)shall/willbegiven時(shí)式二、常見(jiàn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表am/is/arebeing

givenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeing

givenhadbeen

givenshall/willhavebeen

given4

思考：動(dòng)詞在句子中一般做什么成分？

謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞todov-ingv-ed5

語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)

一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

to

do

tobedone

to

be

doing

to

have

done

to

have

been

done

tohavebeendoing--------------------主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(not)(not)6動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)區(qū)別當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.Ihavealotofworktodo.2.SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.71.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak).2.Whathehopedwas______________(admit)

intotheuniversity3.__________(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.4.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas.tospeaktobeadmittedTosavetobereceived8動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：

1）一般式

（not/never）tobedone

2）完成式

（not/never）tohavebeendone

（表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前）9不定式被動(dòng)式的用法:不定式的一般被動(dòng)式表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者,又表示其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生;不定式的完成被動(dòng)式表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，又表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。10Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Iknewhimtohavebeencaughtby

thepolice.111.

Ihavesomedishes（餐具）______________(wash)inthekitchen.

Sentencemakingwashtobewashed

Practicemakesperfect!

【考點(diǎn)】

tobedone2.Thehouseis__________(sell).tobesoldsell2124receive4.Ihopethemail________________(receive)at4pm.tobe3.Thesingerrefused____________________(photograph).photographedphotographreceivedtobe135.Hehadtoshout____________(hear).5heartobeheard6.Itisunlucky___________(see)bysuchabiganimal.tobeseensee614tobedone可以在句中作什么成分？1.

Ihavesomedishestobewashedinthekitchen.2.Thehouseistobesold.3.Thesingerrefusedtobephotographed

4.Iexpectthemailtobereceivedquickly.5.Hehadtoshouttobeheard.6.Itisunluckytobeseenbysuchabiganimal.tobedone同樣可以充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、（后置）定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。定表賓賓補(bǔ)狀主15注意做主語(yǔ)（常用it做形式主語(yǔ)）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.16不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)1．在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

172．在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：

Heishardtogetalongwith.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．

183.在“too—todo;enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.194．在“with+n+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．205.不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又與該句主語(yǔ)（或另一名

詞/代詞）構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),

Hehasnothingtoeat.

分析：eat動(dòng)→nothing賓/he主→eat謂

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.

分析：____動(dòng)→_____賓/____主→____謂

這個(gè)優(yōu)雅的女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.21注意如果動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式和所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但其邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Ihavesomedishestowashinthekitchen.Ihavesomedishestobewashedinthekitchen.226．當(dāng)不定式隱含在forsbtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

237．一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租)，rent，

hire，blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.248.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)代詞連用時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Ihaveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhattoexpectinmynewjob.25NOTICE動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時(shí)（尤其在口語(yǔ)中）雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的，也往往用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示。

Ihavethreemotors

torepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.26

1.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking2.Heexpected___bytheteachertoanswerit,forheknewlittleaboutit.A.tobeaskedB.nottobeaskedC.betoaskedD.nottoaskExercise

BA271.PreparationsarebeingmadefortheOlympicGames____inLondonin2012.A.tobeheldB.heldC.holdingD.tohold2.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

不定式的綜合練習(xí)題(注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)）AB283.Ihappenedto______nexttohimwhenhecollapsed(倒下).A.bestoodB.standC.havestoodD.bestanding4.10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedDB29用所給詞的正確形式填空1.Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds__________________________(improve).2.Allofuscomehere__________(learn)knowledge.3.MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4.Thisproblemissaidt