2024年中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專題

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could)，may(might)，must，haveto，shall(should)，will(would)，need等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完整，因此不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定都由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not”構(gòu)成。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問句把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。一can，could的用法1)表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能），意為（）。Canyouliftthisheavybox?（體力）Marycanspeakthreelanguages.（知識(shí)）Canyouskate?（技能）注意：此時(shí)可用beableto代替。當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事”時(shí)應(yīng)用（），不能用can。Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.2)表示客觀可能性、各管條件允許。（客觀原因形成的能力）。Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.你可以在湖面上滑冰了（冰層夠厚的了）。3)表示請(qǐng)求和允許，意為（）?！狢anIgonow?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.此時(shí)可與（）互換。在疑問句中還可用（）代替，不是過去式，只是語(yǔ)氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語(yǔ)中?！狢ouldIetoseeyoutomorrow?—4)表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless!你怎么會(huì)這么粗心！5)could是can的過去式，（）。IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyears.6)以can開頭的一般疑問句，其肯定和否定回答分別用（）；以could開頭的一般疑問句，其肯定回答和否定回答分別用（）?！狢ouldyouskatelastyear?你去年會(huì)滑冰嗎？—Yes,Icould.二may，might1)表示請(qǐng)求和允許，意為“可以”。might比may語(yǔ)氣更委婉，而不是過去式。在此用法中may和第一人稱連用時(shí)用一般疑問句，其否定回答用（），意為（）。不用maynot。—Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?—No,youmustn’t.—May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?—Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed/success!祝你成功！3）表示推測(cè)、可能性，意為“也許、可能”，用于肯定句（不用于疑問句）。might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.三.must，haveto1)表示（）。Youmusteintime.以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答用（）；如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用（）?！狹ustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?—Yes,youmust.—No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.must是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto（不得不、必須）則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，haveto有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。Theplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.2)表示推測(cè)、可能性，（）（只用于肯定的陳述句）。在疑問句和否定句中一般用can，否定句中也可用may，但maynot表示“可能不”，而can’t表示“不可能”。You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.四.need1)need（）作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must，haveto，oughtto，should代替。need提問，肯定回答用（），否定回答用（）。Youneedn’tesoearly.—NeedIfinishtheworktoday?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.2)need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，用助動(dòng)詞提問或否定，need后面接帶to的不定式，加doing表被動(dòng)意義。Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.五.shall，should1)shall用于第一人稱，（）。Whatshallwedothisevening?2)shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允諾)Heshallbepunished.(威脅)3)should表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任，（），Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.表示勸告、建議和命令。Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.ShouldIopenthewindow?注意：后接動(dòng)詞的完成式時(shí)，表示過去的事情，肯定結(jié)構(gòu)表示該做沒做；否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示不該做，但發(fā)生了。六.will，would1)表示請(qǐng)求、委婉地詢問等，would更委婉。主要用于第二人稱的疑問句。Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?2)表示意志、愿望和決心（現(xiàn)在的愿望）。Iwillneverdothatagain.Wewilldoanythingforyou.3)would表示委婉地詢問或過去的意愿。Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.七.hadbetter的用法hadbetter+動(dòng)詞原形表示“最好做某事”，否定式用hadbetternotdo。疑問句把better提前。You'dbetterstayathome.你最好待在家里。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)：1.can和beabletocan和beableto都可以表示能力。但beableto可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而can無法表達(dá)此意。can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)(could)，beableto有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。Jimcouldn’tspeakChineselastyear,butnowhecan.吉姆去年不會(huì)說漢語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在他會(huì)了。Wewillbeabletoebacknextweek.我們下周能回來。2.can和may表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)在肯定句中用may表示可能。Youhadbetteraskthepoliceman.Hemayknow.你最好問那個(gè)警察，他可能知道。(2)在否定句中，若語(yǔ)氣肯定，表示“不可能”時(shí)用can’t；若語(yǔ)氣不肯定，表示“可能不”時(shí)用maynot。如Mr.Lican’tbein.HehasgonetoBeijingforaholiday.李老師不可能在家，他去北京度假了。3.would，should，could，might等過去式有時(shí)不表示過去，而是表示更委婉客氣的語(yǔ)氣。Wouldyoutellmethewaytothepark?您可以告訴我怎么去公園嗎?4.must和have/hastomust和have/has山的意思均為“必須”。?？苫Q使用。但have/hasto是用于強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，意為“必須，不得不”must于表示主觀看法，意為“必須”。如We’llhavetoaskZhangHonginstead.我們必須去問張紅了。Wemustworkhardatschool.在學(xué)校我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。5.maybe和maybemay為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后加動(dòng)詞原形be，用在句中；maybe為副詞，意為“大概、也許”，相當(dāng)于perhaps，用于句首。6.can’t和mustn’t表示否定推測(cè)時(shí)應(yīng)用can’t，是“不可能”的意思；mustn’t是“禁止、不允許”的意思，不能用來表推測(cè)，而must在肯定句中表推測(cè)，意為“一定”。題組：根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子He______workhard.他必須努力工作。He______walkhome.他不得不步行回家。LiHongmay____herway.李紅可能迷路了。He______beintheroom.他不可能在房間里He_____swimwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他五歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳。______Iborrowyourpen?我可以借用你的鋼筆嗎?一MayIgohomenow?我現(xiàn)在可以回家了嗎?一No.You______不，不可以。You’dbetter_____TVeveryday.你最好不要每天看電視。課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)—Mustweleavenow?—No,we_______.Westillhavetwomorehours.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t—Canyourideahorse?—No.I____A.needn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.mustn’t—MissLi,mustwehandinourhomeworkrightnow?—No,you____.Youcanhanditintomorrow.don’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot4.You____eatthesoupifyoudon’tlikeit.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t5.—Mayweleavetheclassroomnow?—No,you______.Youshouldn’tleaveuntilthebellrings.maynotB.can’tC.needn’tShe_______behere.Isawherein.canB.mayC.shouldD.mustIcan’tgotothecinemawithyoubecauseI______stayhereuntilmymotheresback.canB.couldC.mayD.must—Bequiet,MrSmithising.—Don’tworry.It____behim.MrSmithismuchtaller.mustn’tB.mustC.can’t—Anothercupoftea?—No,thanks.I_______beoff.Ginaiswaitingforme.canB.mustC.may.—________Ismokehere?—No.Youarenotallowedtosmokeinpublicplaces.CouldB.MustC.MayD.Might—Hey,Ted!You_______neverplayinthestreet.It’snotsafe.—Sorry,Mum.Iwon’tagain.needB.mustC.canD.may—MustIreturnthehooktomorrowmorning?—No,you_____.Youcankeepitlonger.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t—HowlongmayIkeepthebook?—You________keepitfortwoweeks.A.mayB.mustC.will—Susan,wouldyouliketogohikingwithusthisafternoon?—I’dloveto,butI______studyforatest.mayB.havetoC.can—MayIsmokehere,please?—Iamafraidyou________.Thisisanonsmokingarea.A.canB.can’tC.mayD.maynot—Doyouknowthesongeon,Haixi!—Yes,andI_________singitwell.mustB.canC.need—MustIreturnthebookthisweek?—No,you____.Youcan______itfor20days.mustn’t;keepB.needn’t;borrowC.needn’t;keepD.mustn’t;borrow18.—_____Iuseyoureraser,Rose?—Sure.Hereyouare.MayB.WouldC.NeedD.Must—CanIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,you_______.canB.mustC.should—MustIhandinmyexercisebooknow,Mr.Zhao?—No,you_____.Youmaygiveittometomorrow.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’t—Congratulations!You’vegotthefirstprizeintheEnglishContest.—_____itbetrue?It’sunbelievable!MayB.ShouldC.MustD.CanYou______finishthereporttoday.AnytimebeforeFridayisOK.A.mustn’tBmustC.needD.needn’t—CouldIuseyoureraserforawhile?—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.couldB.canC.willD.should—CanyouetomypartyonWednesday?—Sorry,Ican’t.I_____finishmyhomework.mayB.wouldC.haveto—________IwatchTVnow,Mom?—No.It’stoolate,andyou______gotobed.May;havetoB.Will;shouldC.Can;willD.Must;need—MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday,MsLiu?—No,_______.youmustn’tB.youdon’thavetoC.youcan’tAccordingtothenewtrafficlaws,people______driveafterdrinkingwineorbeer.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.mustn’tA:CanIwearanyclothesIliketoschool?B:No,youcan’t.You_______wearauniform(校服).mightB.willC.mustD.would29.—Willyoustayforsomemoredays?—Sorry,I_____.Mymothercalledtoaskmetogobackatonce.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.wouldn’tYou______wearsportsshoeswhenyouclimbamountain.can’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.haveto–MustIgetupearlytomorrowmorning?–No,_________.youmustn’tB.Idon’tthinkyouhavetoC.youcan’tD.youneed—Who’ssinginginthenextroom?—It____beher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.can’tB.mustC.shouldn’tD.can—MustIlearnallthesewordsbyheart?—No,you______.It’llbefineifyoucopytheminyourexercisebooks.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t—Mom,mustIfinishmyhomeworknow?—No,you______.Youmayhavesupperfirst.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’t—Willthenewiphonecostalot?—I______thinkso.Apple’sproductsareusuallyexpensive.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.wouldD.must—Mustwecleantheclassroomnow?—No,youneedn’t.It_____afterschool.maycleanB.mustcleanC.needbecleanedD.canbecleaned—Mr.Wang,canIfinishmyhomeworktomorrow?—Sorry,you_______.can’tB.don’tC.needn’tD.won’t—Wouldyouetomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?—I’mafraidI______.Ihavetolookaftermysister.wouldn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.mustn’tItrainedheavily,sowe_______stayathomewatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetallday.couldB.hadtoC.must—MayItakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?—No,youcan’t.You_________readithere.It’stherule.mustB.wouldC.mayD.might—Dad,mayIwatchTV?—No,youcan’t.You_______finishyourhomeworkfirst.mustB.canC.may42.一Bob,shallwegoandmeetournewclassmate?一Sorry.I’mbusynow.Butyou_________askDavidtogowithyou.Heisfree.needB.mayC.wouldD.must43.Ifyouareinthezoo,remembernottotouchorgoneartheanimals.Althoughsomeoftheanimalsarecute,you_________leavethemalone.mustB.willC.mayD.can—FiftydollarsforsuchaTshirt!You_____bejoking!—I’mserious.It’smadeofsilk.mustB.needC.mayD.can—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation?—Notyet.We_________gotoQingdao.Itisagoodplaceforvacation.mayB.shouldC.needD.must—MustIbehomebeforeeighto'clock,Mum?—No,you_____.Butyouhavetoebackbeforeteno’clock.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’t—_________Iborrowyourhistorybook?—Sure.Hereyouare.MustB.MayC.NeedD.WillThetalentedboy____writelyricswhenhewasattheageoften.mayB.couldC.must—Let’sgodancingtonight.!—Sorry,I________.Ihavetogotomyguitarlesson.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tThemagazine___________beLily’s,forwecanfindhernameonthecover.mayB.mightC.couldD.must—Dad,canIgotothemoviestonight?—Sure,butyou__ebackhomebefore9o’clock.canB.mustC.mayD.mightDrunkdrivingisagainstthelawnow.It______beforbidden.mayB.mustC.canD.might—IthinkthemanovertheremustbeBob.—It_______behim.Hehas______toAustralia.can’t;goneB.can’t;beenC.maynot;beenD.mustn’t;goneTheworkistoohardforhim.He__________finishitontime.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’tThisdictionary______Tom’s.IthasAnn’snameonitmightbeB.mayheC.can’tbe—WhoseTshirtisthis?—It______beJohn’s.It’s______smallforhim.can’t;muchtooB.can’t;toomuchC.mustn’t;muchtooD.mustn’t;toomuch57.—MayIgooutnow,Dad?—No.You__letyourmotherknowfirst.canB.mayC.needD.must58.—_______wecleantheclassroomatonce?—No,you_______.You_______cleanitafterschool.Must;needn’t;mayB.Must;mustn’t;can.C.Shall;can’t;mustD.Need;mustn’t;mayYoulookquitetired.You’dbetter______agoodrest.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving—CanIskateonthelakenow?—No,you______.It’sdangerous.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.won’tYou_____loseyourwayifyouwalkaloneinthemountainsatnight.mayB.needC.shouldD.oughtto—Peterdoesn’tmindlendingyouhiscamera.—He__________.I’vealreadyborrowedone.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t—Ican’tstopsmoking,doctor.—Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou______.mayB.canC.havetoD.need—Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithMsKinginheroffice.—Morning.You_______beMrJones.Thisway,please.willB.mustC.canD.might—Dad,thebreadisnotenough.