高三英語(yǔ)10月月考名校新題快遞（閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文）

專題03閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

[01]2023屆廣東省六校高三上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考

Theworld*sbiggestelectricvehicle一a45-tonminingdumptruck

namedtheeDumper-mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,powered

withbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtosteal

thattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck..

London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—

itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainablemining|

visioU.K-basednceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthe

trucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle,sdieselengine（柴油機(jī)）withahigh-power

modularlithium-ionbattery（鋰電池）.“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeand

excitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreased

demands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto'heavyduty'industrialapplications,“CraigWilson,

managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.

WhiletheeDumper-aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsin

Switzerland一reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmerican

truckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell（電池）module.Altogether,

thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.

Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedina

fuelcell.It'stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgasnuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolar

power.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle,sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlonger

periodsoftimewithoutrecharging.

There?salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic

（動(dòng)力的）energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking（再生制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)）.Whenan

electricvehicle一beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper一rollsdownahill,that

movementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthe

carthroughthebattery'sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsome

energybacktothebattery.

AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiesto

understandhowthetruck,spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinother

applications.

8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?

A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.

B.Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel.

C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.

D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.

9.WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigWilson'swords?

A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.

B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.

C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatteryislimited.

D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.

10.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?

A.Itcansavealotofmoney.

B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.

C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.

D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.

11.Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?

A.Autonomousbraking.

B.Energytransformation.

C.Simpleoperation.

D.zero-carbonemission.

【答案】8.C9.DIO.BU.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了位于倫敦的英美資源集團(tuán)（AngloAmerican）正在開(kāi)發(fā)一種重

達(dá)290噸的卡車，這將成為世界上最大的電動(dòng)卡車。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Theworld'sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamed

theeDumper-mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityand

areserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.（世

界上最大的電動(dòng)汽車-----■輛45噸重的礦山自卸車，名叫eDumper——可能不得不放棄它的寶座。這個(gè)

同時(shí)使用電力和氫燃料儲(chǔ)備新建造的車，將會(huì)奪得最大電力采礦卡車的稱號(hào)。）”可知，eDumper將不再

是最大的電動(dòng)卡車。故選C。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"Theideaistoreplacethevehicle,sdieselengine（柴油機(jī)）witha

high-powermodularlithium-ionbattery（鋰電池）.“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthis

innovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapt

toincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto{heavyduty'industrial

applications,“CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.（這個(gè)

想法是用一個(gè)大功率的模塊化鋰離子電池來(lái)代替汽車的柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。“我們很高興參與這個(gè)創(chuàng)新和令人興

奮的項(xiàng)目，它展示了電池技術(shù)的潛力，可以適應(yīng)從汽車和賽車到‘重型'工業(yè)應(yīng)用等不斷增長(zhǎng)的需

02/49

求?！埃笨芍?，從CraigWilson的話可以看出，鋰離子電池的未來(lái)充滿希望。故選D。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-product

whenconsumedinafuelcell.It'stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,or

renewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle,sbatterywillallow

thetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.（氫燃料是一種清潔的燃料，在燃

料電池中消耗時(shí)只產(chǎn)生副產(chǎn)品水。它通常由天然氣、核能或可再生風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電產(chǎn)生。將氫燃料電池

添加到汽車的電池將允許卡車運(yùn)行更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間不用充電。）”可知，氫燃料電池是一種更加環(huán)保的電池，

由此可知，采用氫燃料電池的好處是汽車變得更加環(huán)保。故選B。

【11題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,orthe

eDumper-rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyou

brake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery,sstoredenergy,butcanalso

becomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.（當(dāng)一輛電動(dòng)汽車----無(wú)論是

英美卡車還是eDumper一—從山上滾下來(lái)時(shí)，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)在剎車時(shí)為電池產(chǎn)生電能。電動(dòng)馬達(dá)通過(guò)電池儲(chǔ)

存的能量為汽車提供動(dòng)力，但也可以成為迷你發(fā)電機(jī)，將一些能量返回給電池。）”可知，能量轉(zhuǎn)換是再

生制動(dòng)的一個(gè)特性，故選及

102］安徽省皖豫名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考

TheAlps'glaciers（冰川）areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60years

ofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnow

fellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsinsummer,scientistscanmeasurehowmuchaglacierhas

shrunkinanygivenyear.

Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonethroughtwo

bigearlysummerheatwaves-includingoneinJulymarkedbytemperaturesnear30oCintheSwiss

mountainvillageofZermatt.Duringthisheatwave,theelevation（海拔）atwhichwaterfroze

wasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc's—compared

withthenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.

Mostoftheworld'smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.Butthosein

theEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable（脆弱的）becausetheyaresmallerwithrelatively

littleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3oCper

decade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.

Ifgreenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,theAlps'glaciersareexpectedtolosemore

than80%oftheircurrentmassby2100.Manywilldisappearregardlessofwhateveractionis

takennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypastemissions,accordingtoa2019reportby

theUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.

Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurttheireconomy.Someskiresortsof

theAlps,whichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhitesheetstoreflectsunlight

andreducemelting.Swissglaciersfeatureinmanyofthecountryysfairytales,andtheAletsch

GlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite."Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingour

nationalheritageandouridentity,“saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.

12.WhathappenedtotheelevationatwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?

A.Itremainedunchanged.

B.Itincreasedsharply.

C.Itreachedanewlow.

D.Itdroppednoticeably.

13.What'sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?

A.ToshowtemperaturesarerisingintheAlps.

B.Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.

C.ToexplainwhytheAlps'glaciersareindanger.

D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps'glaciers.

14.WhatdidBernardinChavaillazexpressinthelastparagraph?

A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers.

B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisidentity.

C.Hisconcernoverthelossofglaciers.

D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeconomy.

15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidly

B.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlps

C.SummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequently

D.MeasuresAreNeededtoProtecttheAlps,Glaciers

【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講的是由于氣候變化，世界上大多數(shù)山地冰川正在消融，其中歐洲阿爾

卑斯山的冰川尤其脆弱。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，阿爾卑斯山冰川的融化面積可能會(huì)創(chuàng)下近60年來(lái)的新高。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Duringthisheatwave,theelevation（海拔）atwhichwaterfrozewas

measuredatarecordhighof5,184meters-atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc's-compared

withthenonnalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.（在這次熱浪中，水結(jié)冰的海拔達(dá)到

了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的5184米——比勃朗峰還要高——相比之下，正常的夏季海拔在3000-3500米之間。）”可知，

在這次熱浪中，阿爾卑斯山脈的冰點(diǎn)海拔高度達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的5184米，而正常夏天的冰點(diǎn)高度一般介于3000

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米至3500米之間，因此它是急速升高。故選B。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Mostoftheworld'smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimate

change.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable（脆弱的）becausetheyaresmaller

withrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3oC

perdecade-aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.（由于氣候變化，世界上大部分山地冰川都

在縮小。但歐洲阿爾卑斯山脈的山脈尤其脆弱，因?yàn)樗鼈兠娣e較小，冰覆蓋相對(duì)較少。與此同時(shí)，阿爾卑

斯山的氣溫正以每十年0?3攝氏度的速度上升——大約是全球平均速度的兩倍。）”可知，第三段的主要

目的是解釋阿爾卑斯山的冰川為何處于危險(xiǎn)之中。故選C。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalheritageandour

identity,nsaidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.（登山者BernardinChavaillaz說(shuō)：“失去冰川意味著

失去我們的民族遺產(chǎn)和身份?？芍?，BernardinChavaillaz在最后一段表達(dá)了他對(duì)冰川消失的擔(dān)憂。

故選C。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的"TheAlps'glaciers（冰川）areontrackfortheirhighest

masslossesinatleast60yearsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.（路透社分

享的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，阿爾卑斯山的冰川正在經(jīng)歷至少60年來(lái)最大的大規(guī)模損失。）”和第三段的“Mostofthe

world'smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlps

areespeciallyvulnerablebecausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.（由于氣

候變化，世界上大部分山地冰川都在縮小。但歐洲阿爾卑斯山脈的山脈尤其脆弱，因?yàn)樗鼈兠娣e較小，冰

覆蓋相對(duì)較少。）”可知，本文主要講的是由于氣候變化，世界上大多數(shù)山地冰川正在消融，其中歐洲阿

爾卑斯山的冰川尤其脆弱。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，阿爾卑斯山冰川的融化面積可能會(huì)創(chuàng)下近60年來(lái)的新高，因此最

好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidly（阿爾卑斯山的冰川正在迅速消

失）”，故選A。

[03]廣東省廣州市第五中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月

Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingconsequencesforbehavior—evenwhenitcomes

todogs.

ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopmentparentingand

thefollowingperformanceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmore

independenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecoming

aguidedog.ThestudywaspublishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademy

ofSciences.

Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolvedthepuppy'smotherswere.

Puppiesraisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—ordroppedoutfrom

theguidedogprogram—comparedtothosewithlessattentivemothers.

“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,nsaidleadstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Although

thestudycouldn,tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepossibilityisthat

thedogsthatarehavingov6rbearing（專橫的）mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmall

challengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblem

solving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealso

themostanxiousorstressed,“sheexplained.

“WhatIwashappyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiences

indogs,“anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid."Ifthemomistryingtoprotectherpupsagainst

smallchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedforthebigchallenges.”

Thestudyincludedthreebreeds（品種）：Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGolden

retrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.

Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrievers

tendedtosucceed.

Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-calleduhelicopter

parents,“Braywashesitant.

“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels（相似之處），butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecause

theyaredifferentspecies,“shesaid.

Sheadded,“Thenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlesscomplicatedthanhumans.”

8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?

A.Lessattentiveowners.B.Morepracticaltraining.

C.Lesssupportivemothers.D.Moretenseenvironment.

9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.

B.Somecharacteristicsofgoodguidedogs.

C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.

D.Potentialcausesofsomepuppies'poorperformance.

10.WhatcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?

A.Theychoosetostay.B.Theyfailtobequalified.

C.Theyrisetochallenges.D.Theyareeasytonotice.

11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Parentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogs

B.Guidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumans

C.Researchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeople

D.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies

06/49

【答案】8.C9.DIO.Bll.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章向讀者分析了犬類早期家庭教育對(duì)于其后天能力形成及個(gè)體發(fā)展的影響。

通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行闡述，并探討了這一結(jié)論是否能被應(yīng)用于人類身上這一點(diǎn)。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothers

weremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.（從母親那里獲得更多獨(dú)立性和較少支

持的狗更有可能成功成為導(dǎo)盲犬。）”可知，來(lái)自母親的支持更少的狗狗更可能成為一條成功的導(dǎo)盲犬。

故選C。

【9題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing（專橫

的）mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmful

totheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthe

puppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed.（一種可

能是，那些有專橫的母親的狗從來(lái)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)自己處理小挑戰(zhàn)，這對(duì)它們以后的行為和解決問(wèn)題的結(jié)果是有

害的。另一種可能是，總是有媽媽在身邊的小狗也是最焦慮或壓力最大的。）”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了有

一些狗狗不能成為導(dǎo)盲犬的原因，即第四段主要分析了使得狗寶寶表現(xiàn)不佳的原因。故選D。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中"Thestudyincludedthreebreeds（品種）：Germanshepherds,Labrador

retrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifefor

severalyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,while

Goldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.（該研究的研究對(duì)象包括三個(gè)品種：德牧、拉布拉多和金毛。這

些幼犬從出生后幾周就被跟蹤觀察了數(shù)年。有趣的是,拉布拉多獵犬往往會(huì)被淘汰,而金毛往往會(huì)成功。）”

可知，拉布拉多獵犬往往會(huì)被淘汰，而金毛往往會(huì)成功。故選B。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)舉例分析了父母早期教育對(duì)于犬類日后成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展的影響，并探討了不同教

育對(duì)于犬類的不同影響。A選項(xiàng)"Parentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogs.（育兒技巧也適用

于導(dǎo)盲犬）”最能概括文章內(nèi)容.故選A。

[04]浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月聯(lián)考

InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson'sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedto

decidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitive

perfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.Type0sarecuriousandgenerousbut

stubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbut

eccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefis

widelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan'stop10

bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedto

beabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.

Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.Thewomensoftballteamthatwongold

forJapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomize

trainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteachingmethodsalongbloodgroup

lines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonan

employee'sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedthe

formationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thankstoutheirabilitytomakeplans”.

Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenough

torevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.

In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whena

bad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamed

hisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.

Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitself

asprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveaterm

forit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment（騷擾）.Therearereportsofdiscrimination

leadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunities

duetobloodtype.

8.What'sthemainideaofparagraph1?

A.TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.

B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.

C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.

D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?

A.TypeA.B.TypeB.

C.Type0.D.TypeAB.

10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause

A.herevealedhisrivalysbloodtype

B.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTV

C.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficials

D.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype

11.WhatisthespeakerJsattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?

A.Negative.B.Defensive.

C.Objective.D.Encouraging.

【答案】8.A9.BIO.Bll.A

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【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹血型在日本非常重要，以日本人在血型上的態(tài)度。

【8題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson'sbloodtypeis

popularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerally

consideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecurious

andgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBs

arecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,

thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan's

top10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemed

tobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.n

（在日本，你就是你的血型。人們普遍認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人的血型決定了他/她的性格和個(gè)性。A類人通常被認(rèn)

為是敏感的完美主義者和優(yōu)秀的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作者，但過(guò)于焦慮。0型性格好奇心強(qiáng)，慷慨大方，但很固執(zhí)。AB

型是藝術(shù)型，但神秘莫測(cè)；B型是快樂(lè)型，但古怪，個(gè)人主義，自私。盡管缺乏科學(xué)證據(jù)，但這一信念在

書(shū)籍、雜志和電視節(jié)目中廣泛存在。去年，日本十大暢銷書(shū)中有四本是關(guān)于血型如何決定個(gè)性的，通過(guò)這

些書(shū)，讀者似乎能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)血型的定義，或者確認(rèn)他們的自我形象）可知，第一段主要講述日本人認(rèn)為他們

的血型很重要。故選A。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidered

itimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisopposition

rivalwastypeBIn2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekin

office,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignation

speech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.n（這種信仰甚至影響政治。

一位前首相認(rèn)為，在其官方簡(jiǎn)介中透露自己是A型血人足夠重要，而他的反對(duì)對(duì)手是B型血人。2011年,

部長(zhǎng)松本龍一在任職僅一周后就被迫辭職，當(dāng)時(shí)電視轉(zhuǎn)播了他與地方官員的一次脾氣暴躁的遭遇。在辭職

演說(shuō)中，他將自己的失敗歸咎于自己是B型血）可知，前首相讓民眾相信自己的對(duì)手是B型血，以及松本

龍一把自己的失敗歸咎于是B型血。由此推知，B型血應(yīng)該是最不被大家喜歡的血型。故選B。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlya

weekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.”（2011年，

一位部長(zhǎng)松本龍一在任職僅一周后就被迫辭職，當(dāng)時(shí)電視轉(zhuǎn)播了他與地方官員的一次脾氣暴躁的遭遇）可

知，松本龍一在任職僅一周后就被迫辭職是因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)播了他的不當(dāng)行為。故選B。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,

mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanese

nowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment（騷擾）.Therearereportsof

discriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossof

jobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.”（血型熱，被一些日本人認(rèn)為是無(wú)害的玩笑，可能會(huì)暴露出偏

見(jiàn)和歧視。事實(shí)上，這似乎很常見(jiàn)，日本人現(xiàn)在有了一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)：burahara,意思是血型騷擾。有報(bào)道稱，

歧視導(dǎo)致兒童受到欺負(fù)，結(jié)束了幸福的關(guān)系，并因血型而失去了工作機(jī)會(huì)）推知，作者對(duì)血型是消極的態(tài)

度。故選A。

[05]湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)高三上學(xué)期月考卷（二）

HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,

accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce

（葛苣），actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechange

andhabitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslikewheatand

treefruitlikepeaches,originallywereselectedorbred（培育U.S.omplantsthatgrewwild

hundredsorthousandsofyearsago.IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorsofblueberries,sweet

potatoes,onions,potatoes,andmanyotherfoodcrops."Someofthemarequitecommon,“says

ColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculture."Wild

lettuceplantsgrowalongsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.n

Othercroprelativesarerareandthreatened.OneofKhoury'sfavoritesistheparadoxical

sunflower.ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesalty

areaswherethere?salittlebitofwaterbeneaththesoil,“hesays.Soplantgrowerscrossbred

itwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoil

containsmoresalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkablegifts,Khourysays,

suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheirdomesticatedrelativessurvivediseases,ordealwithpests.

Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelatives

thatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythings

likefires,farminganddevelopment.Thescientistsarguethattheydeservemoreprotection.

Foronething,“genebanks“shouldcollectandpreservethem.Inaddition,theseplantsneed

moreprotectionintheirnaturalhabitat.

AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn,tnecessarilymeansettingasidelandforthem.Inmany

cases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat,sU.S.gedbytheU.S.ForestService

（USFS）ortheBureauofLandManagement（BLM）."It'smoreaboutjustbeingawarethatthese

plantsactuallyexist,“hesays.

28.Whatdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson?

A.Endangeredplantspecies.

B.Wildrelativesoffoodcrops.

C.Theimpactsofclimatechange.

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D.Thethreatsfromplanthabitatloss.

29.Whatdoweknowabouttheparadoxicalsunflower?

A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.

B.Itgrowsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.

C.Itseemscapableofsurvivingvariousdiseases.

D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosaltysoil.

30.Howmightthescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?

A.Relieved.B.Concerned.C.Annoyed.D.Critical.

31.WhatmightKhourysuggesttheBLMdo?

A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.

B.Setasidelandforwildplants.

C.Collectgenesofthreatenedcropspecies.

D.Learnaboutplantsonitsmanagedland.

【答案】28.B29.D30.B31.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。我們現(xiàn)在所食用的多種植物都是從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期就存在的野生植物嫁接或育種而來(lái)。

然而，這些植物的“野生遠(yuǎn)親”現(xiàn)在卻被人們棄之如草芥，沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的保護(hù)和尊重。研究人員認(rèn)為，

這些野生植物在幫助我們現(xiàn)存的植物應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、病蟲(chóng)害及棲息地喪失方面可以發(fā)揮巨大的作用，我們

應(yīng)該對(duì)其加大保護(hù)力度。

【28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,

deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoods

likesunflowersandlettuce,actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenow