醫(yī)學(xué)系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)英文課件-血液

Chapter5

bloodand hematopoiesis一.Blood（血液）erythrocytes(redbloodcell,RBC)redfluidcell

leukocytes(whitebloodcells,WBC) platelets

connectivetissueextracellularmatrix----plasma

PlasmaLeukocytes&PlateletsErythrocytecomponentssameasthatofplasmabutfibrinogen

90%wateralbumin(白蛋白)

10%others:fibrinogen(纖維蛋白原)

plasmapr.

Enzymes(酶)

Ig.etc.LipidhormonesVitaminsinorganicsaltsmetabolites1.Plasma（血漿）serumBloodclotsSerum(血清)1）ErythrocyteorRBC(紅細胞):

characteristics：

1.7.5-8.5umindiameter,biconcavediscinSEM;androundwithapalecentralportioninLM,2.6umthickintherimand0.8umthininthecenter.

male4.2～5.4×1012/Lfemale3.5～5.0×1012/L2.BloodCells

2.Nonucleus&organelles;butbefullofhemoglobin, Hb(血紅蛋白).Hb

：

male120～150g/Lfemale105～135g/Lanemia:RBC＜

3.0×1012/L-

Hb

＜

100g/LFunction：carryandtransporttheoxygenandcarbondioxideCO2Lung

(breatheout)

tissueO2(breathein)ErythrocyteorRBC:4.antigenofbloodtype:

AccordingtothecompositionofA,BantigenintheplasmalemmaofRBCs,fourbloodtypesaredividedasA,B,O,AB.Itisbettertotransfusebloodtosamebloodtypeperson.3.flexible:

permittingRBCtosqueezethroughsmalldiameterofcapillaries.5.thelifespanofRBC:120days;ErythrocyteorRBC:Reticulocyte(網(wǎng)織紅細胞):

1.immatureRBCfrombonemarrow2.containresidualribosomesincytoplasm(bluegranules)

3.lifespanis1-3daysadult:0.5～1.5%infant:3～6%2).Leukocytes(WBC,白細胞)

Spherical,nucleate&colorlessContainspecificornonspecificgranules

Ameboidmovement

chemotaxis

PhagocytosisexceptforlymphocytesInvolvedindefenseagainstforeignmaterialsGeneralcharacteristics:Leukocytes:4～10×109/L

neutrophil50～70%

Granulocyte

eosinophil1～4%

(有粒白細胞)

basophil0.5~1%

Agranulocytelymphocyte20～40%

(無粒白細胞)

monocyte2～6%A.Neutrophil(中性粒細胞)

D=10～12μm;

Nucleus:polymorphous2～5lobes(3)increasew/theageofthecells.

SpecificGranules:80%,fine(0.3～0.4μm)

(特殊顆粒)

neutrophilic(lightreddish)

Azurophilicgranules:20%,larger,purple(嗜天青顆粒)E.M.Specific.Granules:

medium-densecontainingA.K.P,

phagocytins

lysozymes

AzurophilicGranules:

lysosomescontainingA.C.P.

peroxidase

FunctionMobility(chemotaxis):AttractedbychemicalmediatorPhagocytize&destroybacteria:

thenumberofleukocytes↑

acute

the%ofneutrophils↑

bacteriainfection**cellmark:peroxidaseandCD15

B.

Eosinophil(嗜酸性粒細胞)D=10～15μm;Nu.:

bilobesSpecific.Granules.:uniformity,large(0.5～1.0μm),evenlydistribute,refractilegranulesstainbrightredororange(acidophilic)

Specific.Granules.:

Lysosome:ovoid,granulematrix&a

elongatedcrystalloidcoreContaining:

acidphosphatase(ACP),

peroxidase,

histaminase.E.M.EosinophilFunctionChemotaxis:attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcells

Phagocytize:foreignbodies,

Ag-AbcomplexReleasehistaminase:

inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAntiparasite

*Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedwithallergicreactionorparasite

C.Basophil

(嗜堿性粒細胞)

D=10～

12μmNucleus:irregularorS-shapedS.G.:

large(varioussize),basophilic(darkpurple),covernucleus,distributeunevenly&metachromasia

EM&FunctionE.M.:

Specific.Granule:

finegrains,containingheparin,histamine,ECFFunction:

anticoagulateresponsibletoallergicreactionD.Lymphocyte(淋巴細胞)3types:

small6～8μm;medium-sized9～12μm;large13～20μmSmalllymphocyte(90%):

LM:Roundorovoid;

Nucleus.:

sphericalwith

indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.

Cytoplasm:

scanty,asathinriminlight-bluewithazurophilicgranuleslackingperoxidase

Largelymphocytemediumlymphocytesmalllymphocyte

Classification*Function#

T-Cell:75%cellularimmunityB-Cell:10-15%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefense

Classification&Function

Largest,14～20μm,bluish-greystainingNucleus:ovoidorkidney-orhorseshoe-shapedwithdelicatenet-likechromatin,eccentricallyplacedCytoplasm:abundant,grayblue,with

fine

azurophilicgranulesE.Monocyte(單核細胞)

E.M:

azurophilicgranules:lysosomes(peroxidase,A.C.P.,non-specificesterase);Phagocyticvacuoles

Function:ameboidmovement&obviouschemotaxisPhagocytosis(mono-nuclearphagocytic

system,MPS)differentiateintomacrophage(outB.V.)**mark:CD14Monocyte100-400x109/LMegakaryocyte’sfragment,inclumpsLM:2～4μm，bicontexdiscorirregular,anucleated.Tworegions:①Granulomere(顆粒區(qū)):centrally-located,purple-bluegranules.②Hyalomere

(透明區(qū)):peripherallylocated,inlight-blue.3）Bloodplatelet(血小板)①cellcoat:richinGSG&glycoproteins

associatedtoplateletadhesion;②microtubulesystem:

a.openingtubulesystem(開放小管系統(tǒng)):toincreasethesurfaceareaforplateletadhesion.

b.densetubulesystem(致密小管系統(tǒng)):

SER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandinE.M.:

③actin-likeM.F:

mobile.④

granules:

a.αgranules

(specialgranules):containingbloodclottingfactors,fibrinogen&acidichydrolases.

b.densegranules:

serotonin(5-HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenineFunction1.

Hemostasia:collagenousfiberininjureareaplateletreleaseserotoninconstractionofb.v.slow&stopbleeding.2.

Coagulation:

thrombogen

coagulationfactorIII

thrombase

FibrinogenFibrin

hemocytecoagulation3.

Protectbloodvesselendothelium,repairingendothelium,preventatherosclerosis二.Hematopoiesis(血細胞發(fā)生)

lifespan:RBC---120dayWBC---days,weeks,years

hematopoiesisinembryo:2thweekbloodislets(yolksac)6thweekliver12thweekspleen

16thweekbonemarrow

2.stromalcell(基質(zhì)細胞):

macrophage,fatcell,mesenchymalcells,fibroblast,HIM:

hematopoieticinductivemicroenvironment(造血誘導(dǎo)微環(huán)境)

Hematopoietictissue(造血組織):1.reticulartissue(網(wǎng)狀組織)3.bloodcellsatdifferentstageofdevelopment:

1).Structureofredbonemarrow:

Bloodsinosoid(血竇):endothelium:

fenestrated

2.basementmembrane:incomplete

2)Hemotopoieticstemcell(HSC)andHemotopoieticprogenitorcell(HPC)

造血干細胞和造血祖細胞Hemotopoieticstemcell

self-replicationpowerfulproliferationpotencymulti-differentiationMyeloidstemcellLymphoidstemcellPotencyMark:CD34,CDw90

Hemotopoieticprogenitorc.UnipotentialorbipotentialProducematurebloodc.

Erythrocyteseriesgranulocyte-monocyteseries

megakaryocyte

serieslymphocyteseries*Tlymphocytesmatureinlymphaticorgans&tissues3).Bloodformation

1.

Developingstages:

primitivestage(原始階段)youngstage(幼稚階段)maturestage(成熟階段)2.Morphologicalchangerules(形態(tài)演變規(guī)律):1).cellbody:largesmall,exceptmegakaryocyte2).nucleus:largesmall,RBCdisappear

nucleolus:morefewdisappear3).cytoplasm:littlemore

basophilia:strongweakspecial