湖南省衡陽(yáng)市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期5月期中英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省衡陽(yáng)市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期5月期中英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHikingTrails(路線）forFamiliesonLongIslandPlantingFieldsArboretumStateHistoricPark,OysterBayINFO:9a.m.to5p.m.daily;$8percarloadonweekendsonly＂Nearlyhalfthe409acresoftheformerestateoftheW.R.Coefamilyandcurrentstateparkarboretum(植物園）propertyiswoodlandthatincludesnaturewalksandagreenhouse,”confirmedbyBrianNearing,anofficeratNewYorkStateParks.Expecttoseelotsofwildlife,fromfoxesandsquirrelstobirdsofprey,suchasred-tailedhawksandgreathornedowls,adelightforkids.ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve,OakdaleINFO:8a.m.to4p.m.$8parkingfeedaily,631-581-1005,parks.ny.gou.Casey,vicepresidentoftheLongIslandGreenbeltTrailConference,recommendsthisparkforfamiliesbecausetheycanhikeanypartofthe50miles.Alongtheway,hikersatConnetquotRiverStateParkPreservemightseedeer,waterfowlandospreys(魚鷹）。SouthamptontrailsINFO:Parkinmuseumparkinglotat377Bridgehampton-SagHarborTpke.,Bridge-hampton.Noparkingfee.TheSouthamptonTrailPreservationSocietyrunsmanyguidedtrailsintheHamptons,somesuitableforevensmallchildren.BehindtheSouthForkNaturalHistoryMuseuminBridgehamptonisasmallfieldthatsurroundsarounditandusuallyhasbutterfliesandbirdsflyingabout.BlydenburghCountyPark,HauppaugeINFO:Dauntodusk.NorthernentranceisattheendofNewMillRoad.Noparkingfee.Theeastsideisflat,makingthewalkverykid-friendly.Thewestsideisabitmorehilly,butbothhavespectacularwaterviewsofthepond.OntheeastsideisalsotherowboatlicensethatopensonMemorialDayandbenches,aswellaspicnictables.Whenyou'reatBlyden-burghCountyPark,gointhenorthentranceoffNewMillRoadnearRoute347,wherethemainofficeoftheGreenbeltTrailConferenceissituated.Theofficecanprovideinformationandmaps.Thestartofthetrailsalsoishere.1.Whichtrailchargesforparkingeveryday?A.Southamptontrails.B.BlydenburghCountyPark.C.ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve.D.PlantingfieldsArboretumStateHistoricPark2.WhatareSouthamptontrailspecialabout?A.Theyincludealotofguidedtrails.B.Therearerarebirdsalongtheway.C.Theycoverthelongesthikingroute.D.They’respeciallydesignedforsmallkids.3.WhatcanWelearnaboutBlydenburghCountyPark?A.Manyhillslieontheeastside.B.Mapsareofferedattheofficenearthenorthentrance.C.Thetrailsusuallystartattheeastentrance.D.Apicnictablecanbeavailableonthewestside.〖答案〗1.C2.A3.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了長(zhǎng)島的幾條家庭徒步旅行路線。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve,Oakdale部分的$8parkingfeedaily可知，ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve每天都收費(fèi)。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Southamptontrails部分的TheSouthamptonTrailPreservationSocietyrunsmanyguidedtrailsintheHamptons,somesuitableforevensmallchildren.（南安普頓小徑保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)在漢普頓有許多有向?qū)У男?，有些甚至適合小孩子。）可知，這個(gè)遠(yuǎn)足機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)營(yíng)著很多有導(dǎo)游的路線。故選A。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BlydenburghCountyPark部分的Whenyou'reatBlyden-burghCountyPark,gointhenorthentranceoffNewMillRoadnearRoute347,wherethemainofficeoftheGreenbeltTrailConferenceissituated.Theofficecanprovideinformationandmaps.（當(dāng)你在布萊頓-伯格縣公園時(shí)，從347號(hào)公路附近的新米爾路(NewMillRoad)的北入口出發(fā)，那里是綠帶步道會(huì)議(GreenbeltTrailConference)的主要辦公室。辦公室可以提供信息和地圖。）可知，可以在靠近北入口的辦公室獲得地圖。故選B。BT.S.Eliotwroteof“Distractedfromdistractionbydistraction/Filledwithfanciesandemptyofmeaning.”T.S.Eliotneverhadasmartphone.NeitherdidIforalongtime.NoFacebookaccount;notevenemail.Butaccordingtomydateofmanufacture,I’msupposedtobeadigitalnative.Perhapsit’sbecausebytheageof20IwaslivingintheWelshcountrysidewithnosignalandnoWi-Fi.WhenIfinallyfellintothedigitalworld,Ifellhard.Unlikemyfriendsforwhomsocialmediaandmobiletechnologyhadgrownandfloweredaroundthem,formeitwasasuddenimmersion.IgotFacebook,TwitterandGmailaccountsatthesametimethatIgotaniPhone4.Iwouldcheckmyphone;fiveminuteslaterIwouldcheckmyphoneagain.IwasaddictedanditstartedtoaffectmyrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilyOnenight,withoutaword,IabandonedmyiPhoneandboughtaNokia3310andbecamethetalkofthetown.SoonIbecameawarethatnotonlyhadIstolensecrettimebackfromthehurrieddays,butsomehowasecretspaceaswell.Icouldstretchout,freetothinkagain,tobewhollycreativeandtolearnmeaningfully.But,whereverIwentIgotbloodylost.WanderingblindlyaroundLondon,onlytomissappointments,becameafrequentpastime(消遣).WhatdidwedobeforeGoogleMaps?Iwasuseless.Thechangewasworthit,though.I’llsoundlikeanoverstatementbutIthinkitchangedmylife.MychoicesarebroaderandhealthierbecauseI’mnotbeingscreamedatallday.IboughtanewSamsungphonelastweek.Ihadbeenscaredoftherateofprogress,crying:“Stopthetrain!Stopthemadness.”ButIwanttobepartofbuildingthefuture,andtodothat,you’vegottoswimincontemporarywaters.Rejectingthemodernworlddoesn’thelpanyone.ItslowsyoudownandIneedtobeefficient.TimewilltellwhetherI’vemasteredthewisdomtorejectconstantlycheckingmyphone.4.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheauthorwhenshelivedintheWelshcountryside?A.ShereadalotofT.S.Eliot. B.Shehadnofriendstotalkwith.C.ShehadnoaccesstotheInternet. D.Shewasafraidofthedigitalworld.5.WhydidtheauthorbuytheNokia3310?A.Shethoughtsheneededasparephone. B.ShefoundheriPhonestoppedworking.C.Shewantedtoattractpeople’sattention. D.Shehopedtobreakhersmartphoneaddiction.6.WhathappenedaftertheauthorusedtheNokia3310?A.Sheledasimpleandhealthylife. B.Shefoundherlifewasinamess.C.Shespentmoretimewithherfriends. D.Shebecameanexampleforotherpeople.7.ForwhatpurposedidtheauthorbuytheSamsungphone?A.Toseekwisdom. B.Tostophermadness.C.Tokeeppacewiththetimes. D.Togetbacktotherealworld.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.A7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對(duì)數(shù)字化世界的體驗(yàn)和反思，描述了自己從無(wú)數(shù)字設(shè)備到被數(shù)字世界深深吸引，再到最終理智地對(duì)待智能手機(jī)的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Perhapsit’sbecausebytheageof20IwaslivingintheWelshcountrysidewithnosignalandnoWi-Fi.(也許是因?yàn)槲?0歲的時(shí)候住在威爾士鄉(xiāng)下，沒(méi)有信號(hào)，也沒(méi)有Wi-Fi。)”可知，作者在威爾士鄉(xiāng)下生活時(shí)不能上網(wǎng)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Iwasaddictedanditstartedtoaffectmyrelationshipswithfriendsandfamily.(我上癮了，這開始影響我與朋友和家人的關(guān)系。)”和第四段的“Onenight,withoutaword,IabandonedmyiPhoneandboughtaNokia3310.

(一天晚上，我二話沒(méi)說(shuō)，放棄了iPhone，買了一部諾基亞3310。)

”可知，作者買諾基亞3310的原因在于她希望能戒掉手機(jī)癮。故選D?！?題詳析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“SoonIbecameawarethatnotonlyhadIstolensecrettimebackfromthehurrieddays,butsomehowasecretspaceaswell.Icouldstretchout,freetothinkagain,tobewhollycreativeandtolearnmeaningfully.(很快我就意識(shí)到，我不僅從忙碌的日子里偷回了秘密的時(shí)間，而且不知怎的也偷回了一個(gè)秘密的空間。我可以伸伸懶腰，自由地重新思考，充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力，有意義地學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，在作者使用諾基亞3310之后過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)單而健康的生活。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“ButIwanttobepartofbuildingthefuture,andtodothat,you’vegottoswimincontemporarywaters.Rejectingthemodernworlddoesn’thelpanyone.ItslowsyoudownandIneedtobeefficient.(但我想成為建設(shè)未來(lái)的一部分，要做到這一點(diǎn)，你必須在當(dāng)代的水域里游泳。拒絕現(xiàn)代世界對(duì)任何人都沒(méi)有幫助。這會(huì)拖慢你的速度，我需要提高效率。)”可知，作者購(gòu)買三星手機(jī)的目的是為了跟上時(shí)代的步伐，做到與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。故選C。CTakingvitaminpillsinhighdoses(劑量)cansignificantlyincreasetheriskofcataracts(白內(nèi)障),astudyhasshown.ScientistsfoundthatconsuminglargeamountsofvitaminCmadeindividuals20percentmorelikelytodevelopthecondition,whichisaleadingcauseofblindness.Andregularlytakinghigh-dosevitaminEtabletsincreasedthechanceofcataractsformingby60percent.Thedangersareevengreaterfortheelderly,withthoseover65nearlydoublingtheirchancesofdamagingtheirvisioniftheytookthesevitaminseveryday.ResearchersfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmmonitored31,000volunteersagedbetween45and79.Nearly3,000ofthemwentontoneedtreatmentfortheireyes.TheSwedishteamdiscoveredastronglinkbetweenthosewhodevelopedcataractsandthosewhotookhighdosesofvitaminsCandE.Itwasoriginallythoughtthatthetwovitaminswouldprotectagainstcataractsbecausetheyarepowerfulantioxidants(脫氧化劑).Itwassupposedthattheywouldfighttheprocessofoxidation(氧化),whichdestroyscellsinmuchthesamewayasrust(銹)rotsacar.However,ititnowbelievedthat,inlargequantities,vitaminCmayactuallycauseoxidationbyupsettingthenaturalbalanceofproteinsintheeye.ThehumanbodydoesnotmakeorstorevitaminC,andgetsitssupplyfromfruitandvegetables.Itonlyneeds40mgadaytokeepcellshealthyandpromotehealing.VitaminEhelpsmaintainthestructureofcellsandisfoundinfooditemssuchasnutsandseeds.Amanneedsjust4mgadayandawomanshouldhave3mg.ButtabletscontaininguptoahundredtimesthisamountarealsoavailableinUKhealthfoodshops.Researchersstressedthatthedangerswillonlybecausedifthevitaminsaretakeninverylargeamounts.Theseweredefinedas1,000mgofvitaminCand100mgofvitaminEaday.However,ProfessorYitYang,fromtheRoyalCollegeofOphthalmologistsinAustralia,said,“ItisnotpossibletoestablishfromthisstudythatvitaminCcausedcataracts,astheremaybeotherfactors(因素)thatwerenotaccountedfor.”8.Whatdoweknowabouttheresearchfromthetext?A.TheresearchwasconductedinAustralia.B.Thevolunteerscoveredthefullrangeofages.C.Almost10percentofthevolunteershadsomethingwrongwiththeireyes.D.TheresearchfoundvitaminCismorelikelytocausecataractsthanvitaminE.9.Whatdidthescientiststhinkofthevitaminsoriginally?A.Theycouldleadtoblindness.B.Theycouldcausecataracts.C.Theycouldincreaseoxidation.D.Theycouldpreventcataracts.10.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheSideEffectsofVitaminsCandEB.TheFightBetweenVitaminsandOxidationC.DoesaHighVitaminIntakeEqualCataracts?D.WhyAreHighDosesofVitaminsBadforHealth?11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?A.Towarnpeoplenottotaketoomanyvitamins.B.Totellpeopleaboutanewmedicaldiscovery.C.Torevealtherisksofantioxidantsandthelike.D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvitaminsandblindness.〖答案〗8.C9.D10.C11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述吃維生素過(guò)多會(huì)增加得白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ResearchersfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmmonitored31,000volunteersagedbetween45and79.Nearly3,000ofthemwentontoneedtreatmentfortheireyes.(斯德哥爾摩的卡羅琳斯卡研究所的研究人員對(duì)31000名年齡在45歲至79歲之間的志愿者進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè)。其中近3000人的眼睛需要治療。)”可知，參與監(jiān)測(cè)的志愿者將近10%的眼睛需要治療。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Itwasoriginallythoughtthatthetwovitaminswouldprotectagainstcataracts(人們最初認(rèn)為這兩種維生素可以預(yù)防白內(nèi)障)”可知，人們最初認(rèn)為這兩種維生素可以預(yù)防白內(nèi)障。故選D?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Takingvitaminpillsinhighdoses(劑量)cansignificantlyincreasetheriskofcataracts(白內(nèi)障),astudyhasshown.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，大劑量服用維生素片會(huì)顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”和第二段“ScientistsfoundthatconsuminglargeamountsofvitaminCmadeindividuals20percentmorelikelytodevelopthecondition,whichisaleadingcauseofblindness.Andregularlytakinghigh-dosevitaminEtabletsincreasedthechanceofcataractsformingby60percent.Thedangersareevengreaterfortheelderly,withthoseover65nearlydoublingtheirchancesofdamagingtheirvisioniftheytookthesevitaminseveryday.(科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，大量攝入維生素C會(huì)使人患上這種疾病的可能性增加20%，而這種疾病是導(dǎo)致失明的主要原因。經(jīng)常服用高劑量維生素E片會(huì)使白內(nèi)障形成的幾率增加60%。對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō)，危險(xiǎn)更大，如果65歲以上的人每天服用這些維生素，他們損害視力的幾率幾乎翻了一番。)”,再結(jié)合后文作者的說(shuō)明，可知，這篇文章主要介紹大劑量服用維生素片會(huì)顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Takingvitaminpillsinhighdoses(劑量)cansignificantlyincreasetheriskofcataracts(白內(nèi)障),astudyhasshown.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，大劑量服用維生素片會(huì)顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹大劑量服用維生素片會(huì)顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這一研究結(jié)果。故選B。DWhatarescientists?Theyareoftendescribedasgray-hairedwhite-coateddullscholars.Buttheworldhaschanged.Youngscientistsaremakingtheirvoicesheardandreleasingtheirpowersontheworldstage.ThisisalsotrueinChina.RisingstarsincludenewmaterialsexpertGongYongji,universityprofessorLiuMingzhen,andbiologistWanRuixue.Attheageof28in2018,WanRuixuereceivedthe2018Science&SciLifeLabPrizeforYoungScientists.Thisisaglobalprizetorewardoutstandingscientistsatanearlystageoftheircareers.Shefocusesmainlyonbiomedicine(生物醫(yī)學(xué))andartificialintelligence.“Botharecutting-edge(前沿)technologiesatanearlystageofdevelopment,”shesaid.“So,Ithinktheyhavegreatpotentialtobedeveloped.Ithinkinthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologies,Chinaandotherleadingcountriesintheworldarestandingonthesamestartingline.Andinthestudyofstructuralbiology,Chinaislikelytobecometheleader.”Shefeltitwasherfatetobecomeabiologist.“Igrewinterestedinthenaturalworld,whenIwasveryyoung,”shesaid.In2009,sheenteredSunYat-senUniversity.Inherthirdyearattheuniversity,sherealizedthatshewantedtodosomethingrelatedtobiomedicine.SosheemailedChina’stopbiologistShiYigong,hopingtojoinhislabatTsinghuaUniversity.Shirecognisedhertalentandwelcomedher.Yearsofeffortsatthelabhavepaidoff.Herresearchonthehigh-definition3Dstructureofspliceosomeledtoascientificbreakthrough.Unlikemanyofotheryoungscientistswhochoosetopursuefurtherstudyabroad,Wancurrentlyhasnoplantogooverseas.“ThewholeecosystemforscientificresearchiscontinuallyimprovinginChina,”shesaid,addingthatthecountryhasgreatsciencefacilities.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“releasing”inparagraph2mean?A.Givingout. B.Gettingover.C.Findingout. D.Takingover.13.WhatdoesWanRuixuefeelaboutthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologiesinChina?A.Anxious. B.Confident.C.Disappointed. D.Satisfied.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutWanRuixue’sjourneyofbecomingabiologist?A.Herteacherledherintothefield.B.Shefindsit’seasierthanshethought.C.Hercontributionhasbeenrecognised.D.Shethinksit’sboringbutworthtrying.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.China’sBreakthroughinScienceB.RisingYoungScientistsinChinaC.WanRuixue:ASuccessfulYoungScientistD.NewImageofChineseScientists〖答案〗12.A13.B14.C15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了年輕的科學(xué)家們正在世界舞臺(tái)上發(fā)聲，并釋放他們的力量。在中國(guó)也一樣，越來(lái)越多的年輕科學(xué)家投身科學(xué)研究，對(duì)社會(huì)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。他們對(duì)中國(guó)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和科學(xué)研究充滿自信?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線單詞前半句話“Youngscientistsaremakingtheirvoicesheard(年輕的科學(xué)家正在發(fā)出他們的聲音)”可知，makingtheirvoicesheard和releasingtheirpowers并列，可以根據(jù)“makingtheirvoicesheard(發(fā)出自己的聲音)”推測(cè)出releasing有“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”之意，所以劃線詞意思是“發(fā)出”。故選A。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句話“Ithinkinthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologies,Chinaandotherleadingcountriesintheworldarestandingonthesamestartingline.Andinthestudyofstructuralbiology,Chinaislikelytobecometheleader.(我認(rèn)為在尖端技術(shù)的研究中，中國(guó)和世界上其他領(lǐng)先國(guó)家站在同一條起跑線上。在結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)研究方面，中國(guó)很可能成為領(lǐng)先者)”可推知，對(duì)中國(guó)前沿技術(shù)的研究，萬(wàn)蕊雪充滿信心。故選B?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Shirecognisedhertalentandwelcomedher.Yearsofeffortsatthelabhavepaidoff.Herresearchonthehigh-definition3Dstructureofspliceosomeledtoascientificbreakthrough.(施認(rèn)可了她的才能，并歡迎她。實(shí)驗(yàn)室多年的努力得到了回報(bào)。她對(duì)剪接體高清三維結(jié)構(gòu)的研究取得了科學(xué)突破)”可知，在萬(wàn)蕊雪成為生物學(xué)家的過(guò)程中，她的付出得到了認(rèn)可。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。文章主要講述年輕的科學(xué)家們正在世界舞臺(tái)上發(fā)聲，并釋放他們的力量。在中國(guó)也一樣，越來(lái)越多的年輕科學(xué)家投身科學(xué)研究，對(duì)社會(huì)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。他們對(duì)中國(guó)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和科學(xué)研究充滿自信。所以“中國(guó)崛起的年輕科學(xué)家”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。U.N.ReportWarnsNatureCrisisAnewU.N.reportfocusesonthenegativeeffectsofhumanactivityonnature.Itsaysonemillionplantandanimalspeciesonland,intheseasandintheskyarenowindangerofextinction.The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.___16___TheEarthhasalwayssufferedfromhumanactivity,itsays.However,thesescratches(劃傷)havebecomedeepscars(傷疤)overthepast50years.Speciesaregoingtoextinctseveralhundredtimesfasterthantheaveragerateduringthepasttenmillionyears.It’ssomethingthathasneverhappenedbeforeinhumanhistory.___17___Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.___18___Furthermore,hunting,overfishingandpollutionhavealsobeenkillingspeciesingreatnumbers.Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.___19___Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.ThereportsuggestsgovernmentsmoveawayfromusingGDPasakeymeasureofdevelopment.Long-termeffectsmustbeconsidered,too.ProfessorEduardoBrondizioofIndianaUniversityisanauthorofthereport.Hesays,“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.___20___”A.However,thisrequiresmanychanges.B.Over120wildlifespeciesarefacingextinction.C.Onlyexpertsknowhowtoaddresstheproblem.D.Thereportlistedseveralcausesforthesituation.E.Therejustneedstobeagreaterwilltotakeaction.F.Itdrawsontheworkof450scientistsfromdozensofcountries.G.Between1980and2000,onemillionsquarekilometersoftropical(熱帶的)forestwerelost.〖答案〗16.F17.D18.G19.A20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一份新的聚焦于人類活動(dòng)對(duì)自然的負(fù)面影響的聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告：海陸空的100萬(wàn)種植物和動(dòng)物因?yàn)槿祟惢顒?dòng)而正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，問(wèn)題可以解決，但是要真正付之于行動(dòng)?！?6題詳析】上文“The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.(這份1800頁(yè)的報(bào)告花了三年時(shí)間才完成)”說(shuō)明聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告花費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中It指代上文中的報(bào)告，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“它借鑒了來(lái)自數(shù)十個(gè)國(guó)家的450名科學(xué)家的成果?！边M(jìn)一步說(shuō)明這份報(bào)告借鑒了很多人的工作成果，承接上文，符合題意。故選F?！?7題詳析】下文“Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(自1970年以來(lái)，人口增加了一倍。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了四倍。為了給這個(gè)快速變化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，許多森林被砍伐了)”說(shuō)明造成物種滅絕速度增長(zhǎng)的原因，D項(xiàng)“報(bào)告列出了造成這種情況的幾個(gè)原因?！币鱿挛?，符合題意。故選D。【18題詳析】上文“Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(為了給這個(gè)快速變化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，許多森林被砍伐了)”說(shuō)明許多森林被砍伐，G項(xiàng)“1980年至2000年間，100萬(wàn)平方公里的熱帶森林消失?！闭f(shuō)明了森林砍伐的結(jié)果，承接上文，符合題意。故選G。【19題詳析】上文“Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.(報(bào)告稱，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是可以解決的)”說(shuō)明這一問(wèn)題可以解決，以及下文“Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.(受保護(hù)的陸地和海洋數(shù)量需要迅速增加)”說(shuō)明解決問(wèn)題需要做出的改變，A項(xiàng)“然而，這需要許多改變?！背猩蠁⑾拢项}意，其中“this”代指上文“Theproblemcanbefixed”。故選A?！?0題詳析】上文“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.(我們都知道需要做什么。知識(shí)就在那里)”說(shuō)明大家都知道應(yīng)該采取什么行動(dòng)，E項(xiàng)“只需要有更大的意愿來(lái)采取行動(dòng)。”說(shuō)明EduardoBrondizio希望大家更愿意采取行動(dòng)，承接上文，符合題意。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Wehadjustcompletedaunitonheroes,andIhadgivenmykindergartenclassatasktodrawtheirfavoritehero.Eachchildwas____21____withthetask,creatingcolorfulmasterpieces.However,onelittleboywashaving____22____withthetask.Cameronwaswithautism(自閉癥),butthatdidn’tmattertomeorhisclassmates.Weall____23____himjustthewayhewas.IsatandwatchedAustin,alittleboy,____24____withCameron.Withinafewminutes,Cameronbegan____25____andthencoloring.Finally,itwastimeforeverybodytosharetheirpictures.Ilistenedaseachstudent____26____stoodinfrontoftheclass,hisorherpictureheldhigh,and____27____hisorherhero.ItwasfinallyCameron’s____28____.Hestoodupandanxiouslyplacedhisdrawinginfrontofhis____29____toavoideyecontact.Weallfixedoureyesonthepicture,_____30_____toknowwhohisherowas.Hethensaiditwasapictureofme.HeaddedthatIhelpedhimlearnthingsandthen_____31_____satdown.Tearsbegantoforminmyeyes,butnothingcouldhave_____32_____meforwhathappenednext.WhenAustinstoodup,heproudlyheldupapictureofCameron.AustinsaidthatCameronwashisherobecauseCameronhadthe_____33_____thatmadeitreallyhardtolearn,buthewaslikeSupermanandwasreallysmart.Cameronimmediatelystoodup,andputhisarmsupintheairasifheweregoingto_____34_____,yellingout,“I’mSuperman!”TheentireclassbeganstrikingSuperman’sposes,too.Withinminutes,wewerealllaughingasthoughwehadtrulydiscoveredthesecretofbecoming_____35_____.21.A.familiar B.busy C.bored D.satisfied22.A.patience B.fun C.difficulty D.connection23.A.judged B.admired C.ignored D.loved24.A.fight B.argue C.agree D.work25.A.writing B.drawing C.printing D.reading26.A.proudly B.instantly C.shyly D.frequently27.A.indicated B.described C.followed D.compared28.A.fault B.duty C.turn D.point29.A.back B.chest C.stomach D.face30.A.curious B.certain C.surprised D.disappointed31.A.unwillingly B.bravely C.quickly D.impolitely32.A.asked B.prepared C.blamed D.excused33.A.preference B.habit C.sickness D.hobby34.A.setoff B.backoff C.showoff D.takeoff35.A.masters B.superheroes C.figures D.leaders〖答案〗21.B22.C23.D24.D25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.C32.B33.C34.D35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者的班上一個(gè)名為Cameron的男孩患有自閉癥，在作者布置繪畫最喜歡的英雄任務(wù)中，Cameron畫了作者，而和他一起畫畫的男孩奧斯汀說(shuō)Cameron是他心目中的英雄，因?yàn)镃ameron得了這種病，很難學(xué)習(xí)，但他就像超人一樣聰明?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)孩子都忙著完成任務(wù)，創(chuàng)作出五顏六色的杰作。A.familiar熟悉的；B.busy繁忙的；C.bored無(wú)聊的；D.satisfied感到滿意的。根據(jù)后文的“creatingcolorfulmasterpieces”可知，每個(gè)孩子都在忙于創(chuàng)作五顏六色的杰作。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一個(gè)小男孩在這項(xiàng)任務(wù)中遇到了困難。A.patience耐心；B.fun樂(lè)趣；C.difficulty困難；D.connection連接。根據(jù)后文“Cameronwaswithautism,butthatdidn’tmattertomeorhisclassmates.(Cameron患有自閉癥，但這對(duì)我和他的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)都不重要)”可知，Cameron患有自閉癥，完成任務(wù)遇到了困難。故選C。【23題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都愛他所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的樣子。A.judged判斷；B.admired欽佩；C.ignored忽視；D.loved愛。根據(jù)前文“butthatdidn’tmattertomeorhisclassmates.”可知，Cameron患有自閉癥，但這對(duì)我和他的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)并不重要，由此表示作者和同學(xué)們對(duì)他表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的樣子是喜愛的。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐在那里看著奧斯汀，另一個(gè)小男孩，和Cameron一起工作（畫畫）。A.fight戰(zhàn)斗；B.argue爭(zhēng)論；C.agree同意；D.work工作。根據(jù)下文“Withinafewminutes,Cameronbegan________andthencoloring.”推知，奧斯汀和Cameron一起工作，完成繪畫。故選D。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘后，Cameron開始畫畫，然后上色。A.writing寫；B.drawing畫；C.printing打?。籇.reading閱讀。根據(jù)后文的“thencoloring”可知，Cameron先開始畫畫，然后上色。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我聽著每個(gè)學(xué)生自豪地站在全班面前，高舉著圖畫，描述他或她心目中的英雄。A.proudly自豪地；B.instantly立刻；C.shyly害羞地；D.frequently頻繁地。根據(jù)后文“hisorherpictureheldhigh,and________hisorherhero.”可知，學(xué)生們高舉著自己的繪畫，他們是自豪地站在全班面前。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我聽著每個(gè)學(xué)生自豪地站在全班面前，高舉著圖畫，描述他或她心目中的英雄。A.indicated暗示，表明；B.described描述；C.followed跟隨；D.compared比較。根據(jù)前文“itwastimeforeverybodytosharetheirpictures.”可知，孩子們分享他們所畫出的英雄，即站在前面描述他們的英雄。故選B?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后輪到Cameron了。A.fault錯(cuò)誤；B.duty義務(wù)；C.turn輪次；D.point關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。根據(jù)上文“ItwasfinallyCameron’s”以及后文“Hestoodupandanxiouslyplacedhisdrawinginfrontofhis_______toavoideyecontact.”可知，此處表示該輪到Cameron展示繪畫，介紹自己所畫的英雄了。itbeone’sturn為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“輪到某人”。故選C。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他站起來(lái)，不安地把自己的畫放在面前，以避免目光接觸。A.back后背；B.chest胸；C.stomach胃；D.face臉。根據(jù)后文“toavoideyecontact”可知為了避免目光接觸，他把畫放在臉前。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都好奇地盯著那幅畫，想知道那是誰(shuí)。A.curious好奇的；B.certain必然的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)前文“Weallfixedoureyesonthepicture”和后文“toknowwhoitwas”可知，大家都好奇地盯著畫，想知道畫的是誰(shuí)。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，我?guī)椭麑W(xué)習(xí)東西，然后很快坐了下來(lái)。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.quickly快速地；D.impolitely不禮貌地。根據(jù)上文“Hestoodupandanxiouslyplacedhisdrawinginfrontofhis________toavoideyecontact”可知，Cameron因?yàn)楹ε卵凵窠涣?，所以只是?jiǎn)短地描述了原因，就快速坐下了。故選C。【32題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：淚水開始在我的眼睛里打轉(zhuǎn)，但我沒(méi)有料到接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。A.asked詢問(wèn)；B.prepared準(zhǔn)備；C.blamed責(zé)備；D.excused赦免。根據(jù)后文“forwhathappenednext”以及“WhenAustinstoodup,heproudlyheldupapictureofCameron.AustinsaidthatCameronwashisherobecauseCameronhadthe________thatmadeitreallyhardtolearn,buthewaslikeSupermanandwasreallysmart.”可知，奧斯汀說(shuō)Cameron是他心目中的英雄，因?yàn)镃ameron得了這種病，很難學(xué)習(xí)，但他就像超人一樣聰明，作者對(duì)于這一切所發(fā)生的事情沒(méi)有任何的準(zhǔn)備。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：奧斯汀說(shuō)Cameron是他心目中的英雄，因?yàn)镃ameron得了這種病，很難學(xué)習(xí)，但他就像超人一樣聰明。A.preference偏愛；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.sickness疾病；D.hobby愛好。對(duì)應(yīng)上文“Cameronwaswithautism”可知，Cameron得病了，患了自閉癥。故選C。【34題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：Cameron立刻站了起來(lái)，舉起雙臂，好像要起飛一樣，大聲喊道：“我是超人！”A.setoff出發(fā)；B.backoff后退；C.showoff炫耀；D.takeoff起飛。根據(jù)上文“puthisarmsupintheairasifheweregoingto”可知，Cameron站起來(lái)，舉起雙臂模仿超人起飛。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘之內(nèi)，我們都笑了，好像我們真的發(fā)現(xiàn)了成為超級(jí)英雄的秘密。A.masters大師；B.superheroes超級(jí)英雄；C.figures人物；D.leaders領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“TheentireclassbeganstrikingSupermanposes,too.”可知，整個(gè)班級(jí)都在模仿超人的姿勢(shì)，就好像發(fā)現(xiàn)成為超級(jí)英雄的秘密。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。PeoplewholiveontheMoonwillexperiencenightandday,butalunardayandnightwouldlastalmostanEarthmonth.Earth’sgravitycausestheMoon____36____（experience）aslightelongation(輕微伸長(zhǎng))onthesidesclosestandfarthestfromus.Thegravitationalforcesacting____37____（different）onthenearandfarsideoftheMoon’selongationcreateatorque(扭矩)____38____actstochangetheMoon’srotational(旋轉(zhuǎn)的)periodsothatitmatchesitsorbitperiod.This____39____（know）as“tidallocking(潮汐鎖定)”.BecausetheMoonrotatesatthesametimeasitorbitsEarth,itonlyeverpresentsthesamefacetous.ButeventhoughtheMoonistidallylockedtoEarth,it’sstillrotatingwithrespectto____40____Sun.Itsrotationperiodis29days,12hoursand44minutes—alsothe____41____（long）ofthe“l(fā)unarmonth”onEarth.So,anyone____42____（live）ontheMoonwouldexperienceabouttwoweeksofdaylight,____43____（follow）byabouttwoweeksofnight.Ofcourse,fromthenearsideoftheMoon,Earthappearstostayinexactlythesamepositionintheskywhilethe____44____（star）riseandset—althoughEarth’sexactpositiondepends_____45_____whereyouareontheMoon.TheappearanceofEarthwillchange,justliketheMoon’sdoes,overalunarmonth,butEarthitselfwillbeobservedrotatingonceinalittleover24hours.〖答案〗36.toexperience37.differently38.that/which39.isknown40.the41.length42.living43.followed44.stars45.on/upon【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要向讀者介紹了月球的一些科學(xué)現(xiàn)象，如潮汐鎖定、月球的自轉(zhuǎn)和公轉(zhuǎn)周期，以及從月球上觀察地球和星星的情況?！?6題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：地球的引力使月球在離我們最近和最遠(yuǎn)的兩側(cè)經(jīng)歷了輕微的伸長(zhǎng)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞“cause”后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式形式，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：cause…todo…，意為“導(dǎo)致……去……”，符合句意。故填toexperience。【37題詳析】考查副詞。句意：這種引力對(duì)月球伸長(zhǎng)部分的近側(cè)和遠(yuǎn)側(cè)作用不同，產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)扭矩，這個(gè)扭矩會(huì)改變?cè)虑虻淖赞D(zhuǎn)周期，使其與公轉(zhuǎn)周期相匹配。修飾動(dòng)詞“act”用副詞形式。故填differently?！?8題詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這種引力對(duì)月球伸長(zhǎng)部分的近側(cè)和遠(yuǎn)側(cè)作用不同，產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)扭矩，這個(gè)扭矩會(huì)改變?cè)虑虻淖赞D(zhuǎn)周期，使其與公轉(zhuǎn)周期相匹配。這里為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，先行詞為“atorque”，在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞which或that。故填which或that。【39題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這被稱為“潮汐鎖定”。這里為本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為“this”，單數(shù)，和動(dòng)詞“know”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填isknown?！?0題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：但即使月球被地球潮汐鎖定，它仍然相對(duì)于太陽(yáng)在自轉(zhuǎn)。修飾世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物用定冠詞“the”。故填the?！?1題詳析】考查名詞。句意：它的自轉(zhuǎn)周期是29天、12小時(shí)和44分鐘——這也是地球上“太陰月”的長(zhǎng)度。分析句子成分可知，空處為名詞形式，意為“長(zhǎng)度”。故填length?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：所以，任何生活在月球上的人都會(huì)經(jīng)歷大約兩周的白晝，然后是大約兩周的黑夜。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)，被修飾詞“anyone”和動(dòng)詞“l(fā)ive”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填living?！?3題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：所以，任何生活在月球上的人都會(huì)經(jīng)歷大約兩周的白晝，然后是大約兩周的黑夜。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，“abouttwoweeksofdaylight”和動(dòng)詞“follow”之間為被