歐盟運輸物流排放市場前景及投資研究報告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.4

POLITICS

&

SOCIETYTransportationemissionsintheEuropeanUnionCHAPTER

01OverviewDistributionoftransportationsectorcarbondioxide(CO?)emissionsworldwidein2022,bymajoreconomyGlobaltransportationsectorCO?emissionsshares2022,bymajoreconomyUnitedStates21.6%Restofworld*45.9%China11%EU-279.7%India3.8%Brazil2.0%Russia3.1%Japan2.3%3Description:TheUnitedStatesaccountedforalmostaquarterofglobaltransportation-relatedCO?emissionsin2022,makingitthebiggestemitterwithinthissectorbyfar.TheUnitedStates,togetherwithChinaandtheEuropeanUnion,wereresponsibleforroughly42percentofglobaltransportationsectorCO?emissionsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;Basedonemissionsof7.97GtCO?.*IncludesinternationalaviationandinternationalnavigationSource(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023));AnnualgreenhousegasemissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2021,bysector(inmillionmetrictonsofCO?equivalent)GreenhousegasemissionsintheEuropeanUnion1990-2021,bysectorEnergysupplyInternationalshippingTransportInternationalaviationIndustryWasteAgricultureOthercombustionResidential/commercial6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00004Description:GreenhousegasemissionsintheEuropeanUnionhavedecreasedacrossmostsectorssince1990,withtheexceptionoftransportation.In2021,domestictransportationemissionsamountedto792MtCO?e–nearly18percenthigherthanin1990.Meanwhile,energysupplyemissionshavefallenapproximately44percentduringthisperiodtojustover900MtCO?e.ThereductioninenergysupplyemissionshashelpedcutEUannualGHGemissionsbyroughly32percent,relativeto[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021Source(s):EEADistributionofcarbondioxideemissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2021,bysectorShareofCO?emissionsintheEU-272021,bysectorInternationalaviation2.3%Agriculture0.3%Waste0.1%Othercombustion2.7%Internationalshipping4.2%Energysupply28.2%Residentialandcommercial14.4%Industry22.1%Domestictransportation25.7%5Description:EnergysupplywasthemainsourceofcarbondioxideemissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2021,accountingforover28percentoftotalemissions.Domestictransportationwasthesecond-largestcarbonpolluterthatyear,withashareof25.7percent.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021;Basedontotalemissionsof3.01GtCO?(excludingLULUCF)Source(s):EEADistributionofcarbondioxideemissionsintheEuropeanUnionin2021,bykeysourceBreakdownofCO?emissionintheEuropeanUnion2021,bykeycategoryCementproduction3%Other**4%Steelproduction3%Petroleumrefining3%Roadtransportation27%Commercial/institutional5%Residential11%Manufacturingindustriesandconstruction17%Publicelectricityandheatproduction27%6Description:Roadtransportationaccountedforapproximately28percentofcarbondioxide(CO?)intheEuropeanUnionin2021,makingitthelargestsourceofCO?.Publicelectricityandheatproductionwasthesecond-largestsource,at27percent..

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021;*ExcludingForestLandremainingForestLand.**Otheriscalculatedbysubtractingthepresentedcategoriesfromthesectortotalpercentagesareroundedandmayleadtoasumhigherthan100%Figureswerecalculatedby[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EEA;DistributionoffinalenergyconsumptionintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2021,bysectorFinalenergyconsumptionsharesintheEU-272021,bysectorAgriculture3.2%Householdsandservices,etc.42%Industry25.6%Transportation29.2%7Description:TheEuropeanUnion'sfinalenergyconsumptionin2021wasapproximately940millionmetrictonsofoilequivalent(Mtoe).Thetransportationsectoraccountedfor29percentoffinalenergyconsumptionintheEUthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021;Basedonfinalenergyconsumptionof940Mtoe.Excludinginternationalaviationandmaritime.Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommission;EurostatCHAPTER

02GHGemissionsCarbondioxideemissionsfromtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2021(inmillionmetrictons)CO?emissionsfromtransportationintheEU1990-20211,0009509008508007507006509Description:TheEuropeanUnion'stransportationsectorreleased842millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?)in2021,rebounding10percentfromthepreviousyear.In2020,EUtransportationemissionsplummetedroughly20percentyear-on-yearduetotheoutbreakofCOVID-19andthesubsequentrestrictionsonmobilityandtravel.Althoughemissionsincreasedin2021,theywerestillwellbelowpre-pandemiclevels.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionCarbondioxideemissionsfromthetransportationsectorintheEuropeanUnionin2022,bycountry(inmillionmetrictons)TransportationsectorCO?emissionsintheEuropeanUnion2022,bycountryCO?emissionsinmillionmetrictons020406080100120140160GermanyFrance*Italy*144.33117.9194.5290.47Spain*Poland69.28NetherlandsBelgiumAustria27.1921.8621.75CzechiaRomaniaGreecePortugalSweden19.5319.3717.6816.2714.4610Description:GermanywasthebiggestcontributortotheEuropeanUnion'stransportationemissionsin2022,with144.3millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?).Thesecondandthird-largestemittersthatyearwereFranceandItaly,with117.9MtCO?and94.5MtCO?,respectively.In2022,mostEUmemberstatessawanincreaseintheirtransport-relatedemissions.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2022;*FrancedataincludesMonaco,ItalydataincludesSanMarinoandtheHolySee,andSpaindataincludesAndorra.Figureshavebeenrounded.ReadmoreSource(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023))GreenhousegasemissionsfromtransportationintheEuropeanUnionfrom1990to2021,byselectedcountry(inmillionmetrictonsofCO?equivalent)Transportation-relatedGHGemissionsintheEU-271990-2021,byselectedcountryGermanyFranceItalySpainPolandNetherlandsBelgium9008007006005004003002001000199019952000200520102015202111Description:GermanyhasconsistentlybeentheEuropeanUnion'slargestproduceroftransportation-relatedemissions,andin2021emitted170millionmetrictonsofCO?equivalent(MtCO?e).AlthoughGermanyisthebiggesttransportation-relatedpolluterintheEU,thecountryreducedemissionsfromthissectorbyroughly18percentbetween2000and2021.Bycomparison,transportationemissionsinPolandmorethandoubledduringthisperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021;Includesinternationalbunkers.Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionGreenhousegasemissionsfromroadtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2021(inmillionmetrictonsofCO?equivalent)GreenhousegasemissionsfromroadtransportationintheEU1990-202185080075070065060012Description:RoadtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)producedtheequivalentof748millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?e)in2021.MobilityandtravelrestrictionsbroughtonbytheoutbreakofCOVID-19causedemissionstoplummet13percentin2020,thebiggestannualdropever.Althoughemissionsreboundedin2021asrestrictionseased,theyremainedwellbelowpre-pandemiclevels.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionCarbondioxideemissionsfromroadtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2021,bycountry(inmillionmetrictons)CO?emissionsfromroadtransportationintheEU-272021,bycountryCO?emissionsinmillionmetrictons020406080100120140160GermanyFrance142.14126.27Italy95Spain79.28Poland66.46NetherlandsBelgiumAustria24.2822.7221.16RomaniaCzechiaPortugalGreece18.5618.4315.1714.3214Sweden13Description:RoadtransportationinGermanyreleased142millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?)in2021,accountingforroughly19percentofEUtransportation-relatedCO?emissions.FranceandItalyfollowed,with126and95MtCO?,respectively.PassengercarsarebyfarthelargestsourceofroadtransportationemissionsintheEU.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionCHAPTER

03SegmentsDistributionoftransportationsectorcarbondioxideemissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2021,bytransportmodeBreakdownoftransportationsectorCO?emissionsintheEU-272021,bytransportmodeAviation8.1%Railways*0.4%Othertransportation**1.0%Maritime14.8%Roadtransportation76.2%15Description:RoadtransportationaccountedforapproximatelythreequartersofthetransportationsectorCO?emissionsintheEuropeanUnionin2021.Maritimetransportationfollowed,withashareof15.3percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021;Basedonatotalof970MtCO?.IncludesinternationalbunkersandindirectCO?butexcludingLULUCF;*Excludingindirectemissionsfromelectricityconsumption.**Combustionemissionsfromallremainingtransportactivities[...]ReadmoreSource(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionCarbondioxideemissionsfromroadtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2021,bytransportmode(inmillionmetrictons)CO?emissionsfromroadtransportationintheEU1990-2021,bytransportmodeCarsHeavy-dutytrucks&busesLight-dutytrucksMotorcyclesOtherroadtransportation900800700600500400300200100016Description:PassengercarshaveconsistentlybeenthebiggestsourceofroadtransportationemissionsintheEuropeanUnion.In2021,EUpassengercarsemitted436millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?),anincreaseofroughlyeightpercentfromthepreviousyear.PassengercarsaccountformorethanhalfofEUroadtransportationemissions.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionShareofcarbondioxideemissionsfromEUroadtransportationin2021,bytypeRoadtransport-relatedCO?emissionsofselectedtransportmodesEU2021Motorcycles1.3%Lightdutytrucks11.8%Heavydutytrucks&buses27.9%Passengercars59%17Description:Passengercarsweretheleadingsourceofroadtransportation-relatedcarbondioxideemissions(CO2)intheEuropeanUnionin2021,representingsome59percentoftheoverallcarbondioxideemissionsproducedbyroadtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27).Heavy-dutytrucksandbuseswererankedsecond,accountingforaround28percentofemissionsfromroadtransportation.RoadtransportationwasthesectorofthetransportationindustrywiththemostCO2emissions[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionAveragecarbondioxideemissionsfromnewvehiclepassengercarsintheEuropeanUnionfrom2012to2022(ingramsofcarbondioxideperkilometer)CO?emissionsofnewpassengercarsintheEuropeanUnion2012-2022140132126.4123.1122120.1119.1117.6118116.3120100806040200110108.22012201320142015201620172018201920202021202218/statistics/806041/all-fuels-new-passenger-car-carbon-dioxide-emissions-european-union-eu-28Theaveragecarbondioxide(CO?)emissionsfromnewpassengercarsintheEuropeanUnionfellby5.4percentin2022,to110gramsgCO?/km.Since2012,theaverageCO?emissionsfromnewpassengercarsintheEUhavedecreasedby16.6percent.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2012to2022Source(s):ACEA;EEANumberofnewpassengercarsintheEuropeanUnionfrom2015to2022,byemissionsclass(inmillions)EmissionsclassesofnewpassengercarsintheEuropeanUnion2015-2022>130gCO?/km96-130gCO?/km8.23≤95gCO?/km98.267.947.9387654321075.644.063.953.823.6

3.553.42.892.792.622.092.021.921.751.471.451.371.261.152015201620172018201920202021202219Description:ThenumberofnewpassengercarsintheEuropeanUnionthatemit95gramsofcarbondioxideperkilometer(gCO?/km)orlessincreasedto2.09millionunits.ThisaccountedforalmostaquarterofallnewpassengercarssoldintheEUthatyear.ThenumberofnewpassengercarssoldintheEUthatemitbetween96and130gCO?/kmhasbeenonadownwardtrajectoryinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2015to2022Source(s):ACEA;EEAAnnualcarbondioxideemissionsfromshippingintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from2018to2022(inmillionmetrictons)CO?emissionsfromshippingintheEU-272018-202216014012010080133.7129.8128.2126.3117.860402002018201920202021202220Description:ShippingemissionsintheEuropeanUnionclimbedtoathree-yearhighof128.2millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?)in2022.In2020,EUshippingemissionsfell12percentyear-on-year,butincreasedinthefollowingyearsandarenowclosetopre-pandemiclevels.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2018to2022Source(s):Transport&EnvironmentCarbondioxideemissionsfromcivilaviationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2021,bytype(inmillionmetrictons)CO?emissionsfromcivilaviationintheEU1990-2021,bytypeDomesticaviation*Internationalaviation1601401201008060402001990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

202121Description:EuropeanUnioncivilaviationwasresponsiblefor78.2millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?)in2021,ofwhichinternationalaviationaccountedfor88percent.EUaviationCO?emissionsplummetedin2020duetotheoutbreakofCOVID-19,andalthoughtheyreboundedin2021,theywerewellbelowpre-pandemiclevels.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021Source(s):EEA;EuropeanCommissionCHAPTER

04AirpollutantsTransportation-relatednitrogenoxide(NOx)emissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2021(in1,000metrictons)NitrogenoxideemissionsfromtransportationintheEuropeanUnion1990-2021Non-roadtransportRoadtransport8,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000023Description:TransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)producedroughly2.4millionmetrictonsofnitrogenoxide(NOx)in2021.Roadtransportationaccountsfor85percentofEU-27transportation-relatedNOxemissions.Since1990,transportation-relatedNOxemissionshavedeclinedbymorethan65percent.Furthermore,roadtransportationaccountsforaround85percentoftheEuropeanUnion'stotaltransportationNOxemissions.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021Source(s):EEATransportation-relatednitrogenoxide(NOx)emissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2021,bycountry(in1,000metrictons)NitrogenoxideemissionsfromtransportationintheEuropeanUnion2021,bycountryEmissionsinthousandmetrictons050100150200250300350400GermanyFrance367350Italy341Spain243Poland189Greece106RomaniaNetherlandsPortugalBelgiumAustria9691636157CzechiaSweden494824Description:Germanyhadthehighesttransportation-relatednitrogenoxideemissionsintheEUin2021,at367thousandmetrictons.Thisaccountedforroughly16percentoftransportationnitrogenoxideemissionsintheEUthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021Source(s):EEAPM2.5particulatematteremissionsfromtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from2000to2021(in1,000metrictons)PM2.5emissionsfromtransportationintheEuropeanUnion2000-2021Non-roadtransportRoadtransport3503002502001501005002000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

202125Description:TransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)producedapproximately129.1thousandmetrictonsofPM2.5emissionsin2021.Roadtransportationaccountedformorethan80percentofthistotal.EUtransportation-relatedPM2.5emissionshavedeclinedbymorethan50percentsince2000.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2000to2021Source(s):EEAVariationsinairpollutionfromroadtransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2020,bypollutanttypeChangeinroadtransportationairpollutionintheEU-271990-2020,bypollutantChangeinemissions-150%CO-100%-50%0%50%100%150%NOxNMVOCsSOxNHCHN?OPM10PM2.526Description:EmissionsofmostmajorairpollutantsfromroadtransportationintheEuropeanUnionhavedecreasedconsiderablysince1990.Levelsofnitrogenoxides(NOx)fromroadtransportationfellmorethan65percentbetween1990and2020,whilesulfuroxide(SOx)emissionsdecreasedbyalmost100percent.However,ammonialevelsincreased105percentduringthisperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2020Source(s):EEAVariationinairpollutionfrompassengercarsandvansintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from1990to2020,bypollutanttypeChangeinlightdutyvehicleairpollutionintheEU-271990-2020,bypollutantChangeinemissions-150%CO-100%-50%0%50%100%150%NOxNMVOCsSOxNHCHN?OPM10PM2.527Description:EmissionsofmostmajorairpollutantsfromlightdutyvehiclesintheEuropeanUnionhavedecreasedconsiderablysince1990.Levelsofnitrogenoxides(NOx)frompassengercarsandvansfellmorethan65percentbetween1990and2020,whilesulfuroxide(SOx)emissionsdecreasedbyalmost100percent.However,ammonialevelsincreased115percentduringthisperiod,whilenitrogendioxidelevelsgrewalmost11percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2020Source(s):EEACHAPTER

05Pathwaytonet-zeroemissionsProjectedgreenhousegasemissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from2005to2030,bysector(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent)GHGemissionsprojectionsintheEU-272030,bysectorEmissionsinMtCO?e20056002021*2030**80002004001,0001,2001,4001,600EnergysupplyTransportationIndustryBuildingsAgricultureWaste29Description:GreenhousegasemissionsfromtheEuropeanUnion'senergysupplysectorfellroughly40percentbetween2005and2021toapproximately900millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(MtCO?e).Itisprojectedthatwithadditionalnationalpoliciesandmeasures,EUenergysupplyemissionsin2030wouldhalvefrom2005levelstolessthan700MtCO?e.Emissionsfromthetransportationsector,whichisthesecond-largestsourceEUemissions,areprojectedtodropto631MtCO?e[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2005to2021;*Approximatedinventory;**projectionswithadditionalmeasuresReadmoreSource(s):EEAGreenhousegasemissionsfromthetransportationsectorinEuropeanUnionfrom1990to2020,withprojectionsto2040,byscenario(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequuivalent)TransportationsectorGHGemissionsprojectionsintheEU-271990-2040,byscenarioHistoricalemissionsProjectionsWEMProjectionsWAM90085080075070065060055050045040030Description:EuropeanUniontransportationsectorgreenhousegasemissionsincreasedalmost25percentbetween1990and2019,beforeplummeting14percentin2020duetoadramaticreductionintransportactivity.Projectionsshowthatwithexistingmeasures(WEM),transportationsectoremissionscouldriseto809MtCO?eby2025.Withadditionalmeasures(WAM),emissionswouldn'tdropbelow1990levelsuntil2029.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990to2021Source(s):EEAProjectedcarbondioxideemissionreductionsfornewcarsandvansintheEuropeanUnionfrom2025to2035onwards,relativeto2021(inpercent)ProjectedCO2emissionreductiontargetsfornewcarsandvansintheEU2025-2035NewcarsNewvans0%-20%-40%-60%-80%-100%-120%2025-20292030-20342035onwards31Description:StrictercarbondioxideemissionperformancestandardsfornewcarsandvanswereadoptedbytheEuropeanCouncilin2023asp