如何應(yīng)對高考英語完形填空干擾項(xiàng)

如何應(yīng)對高考英語完形填空干擾項(xiàng)完形填空是高考英語中分值較高且難度較大的一種題型。它不僅考查學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識，還考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維、推理判斷和上下文理解能力。在高考英語完形填空中，干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置是出題者用來考查學(xué)生的一種重要手段。如何正確應(yīng)對這些干擾項(xiàng)，提高完形填空題的得分率，是廣大考生亟待解決的問題。一、干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置原理要解決這個(gè)問題，我們首先要了解高考英語完形填空題中干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置原理。一般來說，出題者在設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)，會(huì)遵循以下幾個(gè)原則：似是而非：出題者會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)一些看似合理，但實(shí)際上與文章內(nèi)容不符或與題意相悖的選項(xiàng)，讓考生在判斷時(shí)產(chǎn)生困惑。以偏概全：干擾項(xiàng)可能會(huì)只提供一個(gè)局部的信息，而忽略了文章的整體語境，使考生誤以為該選項(xiàng)是正確的。偷換概念：出題者可能會(huì)在一些選項(xiàng)中故意更換文章中的關(guān)鍵詞，從而改變原意，設(shè)置陷阱。無中生有：在某些情況下，干擾項(xiàng)可能完全不符合文章內(nèi)容，是出題者憑空捏造的。二、應(yīng)對策略了解完干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置原理后，我們就可以針對性地制定一些應(yīng)對策略。2.1仔細(xì)閱讀全文，把握文章主旨在解答完形填空題時(shí)，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀全文，把握文章的主旨和大意。這樣可以幫助我們在后續(xù)的選項(xiàng)判斷中，更好地運(yùn)用排除法。2.2依據(jù)文章語境，判斷選項(xiàng)合理性對于每個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們都要結(jié)合文章的語境進(jìn)行判斷。遇到似是而非的選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要反復(fù)比較，找出其中的差異。對于以偏概全、偷換概念的干擾項(xiàng)，我們要特別警惕，學(xué)會(huì)從宏觀上審視整個(gè)文章，避免被局部信息所迷惑。2.3利用邏輯關(guān)系，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)在文章中，邏輯關(guān)系詞如轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果等，是表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)和意圖的重要手段。我們應(yīng)充分利用這些邏輯關(guān)系，對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排除。2.4注意選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)差異在判斷選項(xiàng)時(shí)，我們要注意觀察細(xì)節(jié)差異。有時(shí)候，干擾項(xiàng)與正確選項(xiàng)之間可能只有一個(gè)詞的差異，我們要仔細(xì)比較這些差異，找出正確答案。2.5培養(yǎng)語感，提高語言運(yùn)用能力語感是英語學(xué)習(xí)者對英語語言規(guī)律的一種感性認(rèn)識。良好的語感可以幫助我們更快地識別出干擾項(xiàng)，提高解題效率。因此，在日常學(xué)習(xí)中，我們要注重培養(yǎng)自己的語感，提高語言運(yùn)用能力。三、總結(jié)應(yīng)對高考英語完形填空題中的干擾項(xiàng)，需要考生在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用邏輯思維和推理判斷，結(jié)合語境對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析。通過不斷地練習(xí)和總結(jié)，考生可以提高自己的解題能力，從而在高考英語中取得更好的成績。###例題1：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Foryears,expertshavebeentellingushowimportantitistogetenoughsleep.Butnowanewstudyhasshownthatsleepnotonlymakesusfeelbetter,itcanactuallymakeussmarter.Theresearch,carriedoutbyateamattheUniversityofCalifornia,1thatpeoplewhosleepwellperformbetterintestsofmemoryandlearningthanthosewhodon’t.2theresultswerequitesurprising,theywerenotunexpected.“Wehaveknownforsometimethatsleepplaysanimportantpartinmemory,”oneoftheresearchersexplained.“Whatthisnewresearchshowsisthatlackofsleepcanactuallystopthebrainfromlearning.”Intheexperiment,theresearcherstestedagroupofstudentsintwodifferentways.Halfofthestudentswereallowedtosleepforeighthoursanight,whiletheotherhalfonlygotfourhours.Thentheyweregivenaseriesofteststomeasuretheirmemoryandlearningabilities.Theresultsshowedthatthestudentswhohadhadenoughsleepdidmuchbetterintheteststhanthosewhoweresleep-deprived.Theresearchers3thatthiscouldexplainwhystudentswhostayuplatetostudyoftendoworseinexamsthanthosewhogotobedearly.“Whenyouaretired,yourbraincan’tlearnaswell,”oneoftheresearcherssaid.“Andifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youcan’trememberwhatyouhavelearnedthenextday.”A.showedB.foundC.discoveredD.proved解題方法：通過觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們都是表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的動(dòng)詞。然而，根據(jù)句意，我們需要一個(gè)表示“展示”的動(dòng)詞。在文章中，研究者展示的是研究成果，而不是發(fā)現(xiàn)或探索出這些成果。因此，正確答案是A。例題2：Theoldmanlivedaloneinasmallhousenearthebeach.Everymorning,hewalkeddowntotheseaandwatchedthesunrise.Itwashisfavoritetimeoftheday.Onemorning,henoticedayoungmansittingonthesand,lookingatthesunrise.Theoldman1andasked,“Doyoulikethesunrise?”“Yes,Ido,”theyoungman2.“ButIhavetoworkearlytoday,soIcan’tstaylong.”“That’stoobad,”theoldman3.“Thesunriseisthemostbeautifulpartoftheday.”Theyoungman4andstartedtoleave.Buttheoldmancalledafterhim,“Wait!Ihavesomethingforyou.”Hereachedintohispocketandgavetheyoungmanasmallshell.“Takethis,”hesaid.“It’saremindertoenjoythebeautyoflife,evenwhenyou’rebusy.”A.smiledB.noddedC.shoutedD.sighed解題方法：根據(jù)上下文，我們可以推測，老人可能對年輕人這么早就離開感到失望。因此，他可能會(huì)嘆氣。所以，正確答案是D。例題3：Alicewasalittlegirlwholovedtoread.Shehadasmalllibraryofherown,withbooksoneverysubject.Butherfavoritebooksweretheonesaboutanimals.Oneday,Alice’smothergaveheranewbookaboutbirds.Ithadbeautifulpicturesandlotsofinformationaboutdifferentkindsofbirds.Alicewas1withthebook.Shereaditcovertocoverandthenstartedtoreaditagain.Afewdayslater,Alice’smother2hertotakethebooktoschoolforshowandtell.Alicewas3.Shedidn’twanttoshowherbooktotheclassbecauseshethoughttheymightnotlikeit.ButwhenAlice4herbookinclass,everyonewas5.Theylovedthepicturesandtheinterestingfactsaboutthebirds.Alicewas6thatshehadsharedherbookwiththeclass.A.happyB.excitedC.sadD.angry解題方法：根據(jù)下文，我們知道愛麗絲非常喜歡這本書，她讀了兩遍。因此，我們可以推斷她對這本書是感到興奮的。所以，正確答案是B。例題4：Johnisaphotographerwholovestotravel.Hehasvisitedmanycountriesandtakenthousandsofpictures.Buthisfavoriteplacetophotographisthedesert.“There’ssomethingspecialaboutthedesert,”Johnexplains.“It’speacefulandquiet,andthesunsetsareamazing.”由于篇幅限制，我無法在這里一次性列出歷年所有的經(jīng)典習(xí)題和練習(xí)，但我可以提供一個(gè)示例，展示如何分析和解答這類題目。然后，你可以根據(jù)這個(gè)模式去查找和分析更多的習(xí)題。例題5：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Formanypeople,cookingisawayoflife.Theyenjoytheprocessofcreatingadishthatisbothvisuallyappealinganddelicioustotaste.However,forthosewhoarejuststartingout,cookingcanseemlikeadauntingtask.Thekeytosuccessfulcookingispractice,andthewaytopracticeistostartwithsimpledishesandworkyourwayuptomorecomplexones.Oneofthefirstthingsabeginnershouldlearnishowtochopvegetablescorrectly.Thismayseemlikeasmallthing,butproperchoppingtechniquescanmakeabigdifferenceintheoutcomeofadish.1,adishthatrequiresalotofchoppingwilltakemuchlongertoprepareifthevegetablesarenotcutproperly.Next,beginnersshouldlearnhowtomeasureingredientsaccurately.2,thisiscrucialforachievingtherightbalanceofflavorsinadish.Toomuchofoneingredientcanoverpowertheothers,whiletoolittlecanleavethedishtastingbland.Finally,beginnersshouldlearnhowtofollowarecipe.3,arecipeisaguidethatcanhelpbeginnerscreatesuccessfuldishes.However,itisalsoimportanttorememberthatcookingisanart,notascience.4,experiencedcooksoftenadjustrecipestosuittheirowntastes.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Otherwise解題方法：觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，這是一個(gè)表示邏輯關(guān)系的題目。根據(jù)上下文，空格前后是因果關(guān)系，即正確的切菜技巧對于準(zhǔn)備菜肴的時(shí)間有影響。因此，正確答案是B（Therefore）。例題6：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Inmanycountries,publictransportationisthemostcommonwayforpeopletogetaround.Itisconvenient,affordable,andcanhelpreducetrafficcongestion.However,itisnotwithoutitsproblems.Oneofthemainissueswithpublictransportationisthatitcanbeuncomfortableattimes.1,duringpeakhours,busesandtrainscanbeovercrowded,andpassengersmayhavetostandorsitinuncomfortablepositions.Anotherissueisthatpublictransportationcanbeunreliable.2,schedulescanbedelayedorchangedwithoutwarning,whichcanbefrustratingforpassengerswhorelyonpublictransporttogettoworkorschoolontime.Despitetheseproblems,manypeoplestillchoosetousepublictransportation.3,itisamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoptionthandrivingaprivatecar,anditcanalsohelpreducecarbonemissions.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Otherwise解題方法：這是一個(gè)表示邏輯關(guān)系的題目。根據(jù)上下文，空格前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即盡管公共交通有其問題，但還有其他問題。因此，正確答案是C（However）。例題7：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mostpeoplehaveheardoftheexpression“work-lifebalance,”butwhatdoesitactuallymean?Insimpleterms,work-lifebalanceisaboutfindingtherightbalancebetweenyourworkandyourpersonallife.Maintainingahealthywor