考研閱讀真題

Unit5(2000年真題)

Passage1

Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,it

maybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodafterthe

endoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingits

industriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthe

mostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansand

Asianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Just

asinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid1980sAmericanshad

foundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmerican

industries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.

By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:Zenith

wasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreignmadecarsandtextileswere

sweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhile

itlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatat

theheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityfbrgranted.

Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswould

thereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothe

causesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwith

warningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.

Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolid

growthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobvious

causesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Selfdoubthasyieldedtoblind

pride."Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemore

quickwitted,"accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolof

Government."ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimproving

theirproductivity/*saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athinktankinWashington,DC.And

WilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthis

periodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.*'

1.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

[AJithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

|C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors

[DJtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

2.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthat

theAmerican.

[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

|B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.

[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.

4.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedto

the.

[A]turningofthebusinesscycle

[B]restructuringofindustry

[Climprovedbusinessmanagement

[DJsuccessineducation

Passage2

Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100

females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldsthere

aretwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.

Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbe

anexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,

anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy

(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavy

meantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationis

duetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.

Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomen

have15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Most

ofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandthe

opportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatis

happening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfbrtheremaining

tribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday-everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumber

ofoffspring一meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost81%ofitspowerinuper-middle-classIndia

comparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithas

involvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast

100,000year-eventhepast100years-ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshave

not.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphraseto

describethoseignorantofevolution:they"lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,as

atsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension."Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturyway

oflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.Buthoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeat

howfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.

5.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

[A]Alackofmates.

|B|Afiercecompetition.

[C]Alowersurvivalrate.

[D]Adefectivegene.

6.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

|B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

7.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

[B|thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

|D|thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

8.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution

[B]WaysofContinuingMan*sEvolution

[C]theEvolutionaryFutureofNature

[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere

Passage3

Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatits

advocatesareaimingat,fbr,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,

itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,

however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverfuturistpoetrymaybe-evenadmittingthat

thetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeen

conditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.

Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.This

speedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupour

literaturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessential

words,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsounds

wemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcolored

inksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.

Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadinthe

explanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeron

abridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthe

noiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:'Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-five

kilograms.,

This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedas

Literature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreat

changeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:

haveweessentiallychanged?

9.Thispassageismainly.

[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart

[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry

[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement

[DJaboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature

10.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.

[AJdetermineitspurposes

[B]ignoreitsflaws

|C]followthenewfashions

[DJaccepttheprinciples

11.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.

[A]increasetheproductionofliterature

[B]usepoetrytorelievemodemstress

[C]developnewmodesofexpression

[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs

12.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.

|A|basedonreasonableprinciples

[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople

[C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature

[DJmoreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature

Passage4

AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocial

harmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeinga

declineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingand

sawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomic

needs,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.

Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemaledominated

jobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavy

personalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Ina

recentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwith

schoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmore

Japaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10

othercountriessurveyed.

Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendsto

stresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression."Thosethingsthat

donotshowupinthetestscores——personality,ability,courageorhumanity——arecompletely

ignored/*saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducation

committee."Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."Lastyear

Japanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amid

theoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoral

education.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhen

hearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWar

IIhadweakenedthenJapanesemoralityofrespectforparents.1'

ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles."InJapan,"sayseducatorYokoMuro,

"it*sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucan

endure."Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119million

citizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorof

isolated,two-generationhouseholds.UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes

(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvalues

weaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,while

stillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshave

increasedbynearlyone-quarter.

13.IntheWesterners*eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.

[A]underaimlessdevelopment

[B]apositiveexample

[C]arivaltotheWest

[D]onthedecline

14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanese

society?

[A]Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.

[B|Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.

[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.

[D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?

[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.

|B|Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.

[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.

|D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.

16.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.

[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife

[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.

[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore

[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife

Passage5

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,control

overone'sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.Ifthe

traditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighly

regardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanodd

way,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.What

isoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthen

thatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosing

thebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.

Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmay

change,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.What

hashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncethey

could,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofine

hypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmerican

materialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshis

mealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesof

life,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhaps

notsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.'1

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangels;itspublicdefendersarefew

andunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambition

asahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylower

thanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,that

peoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itis

lessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambition

isdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,on

therightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtoget

oninlife.

17.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.

[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

|B|itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

[DIitissharedbytherichandthefamous

18.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.

[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

|B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

19.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.

[A]theythinkofitasimmoral

[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

[C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

20.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained

[A]secretlyandvigorously

[B]openlyandenthusiastically

[Cleasilyandmomentarily

[DJverballyandspiritually

Unit6（2001年真題）

Passage1

Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationof

scientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinue

tohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisfbrfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonly

oneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.

Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:

exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword'amateur1doescarryaconnotationthat

thepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,may

notfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withits

consequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateur

participationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebased

especiallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthe

developmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnot

simplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhat

constitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudies

representedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshave

increasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewider

geologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheold

way.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderfor

amateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstby

nationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthe

twentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenow

appearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocess

ofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwo

specificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocome

togethernationallyinadifferentway.

Althoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayin

Britishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthe

twentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthe

crucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.

51.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas

[A]sociologyandchemistry[B|physicsandpsychology

[C]sociologyandpsychology[D]physicsandchemistry

52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation

[BJamateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience

[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity

|D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones

53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate.

|A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation

[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy

[Clthechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications

[DJthediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs

54.Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis.

[A]thedevelopmentincommunication

[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation

[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge

[DJthesplittingupofacademicsocieties

Passage2

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide—thedivisionof

theworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.My

wifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,

however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobe

optimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternet

becomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess一

afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmore

governments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthe

nextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,I

nowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatisvery

goodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpoverty

thatwe'veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnot

theonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheir

outdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthink

foreigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure

(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltits

industrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecond

Waveinfrastructure一includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon一werebuiltwith

foreigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestingin

Britain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoowns

themnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBrazilor

anywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThird

Waveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.

Thaldoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrun

uncontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyand

telecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

55.Digitaldivideissomething.

[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

[C]theworldmustguardagainst

[D]consideredpositivetoday

56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit.

[A]offerseconomicpotentials

[B]canbringforeignfunds

[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld

57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof.

[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas

[B]preventingforeigncapitafscontrol

|C]buildingindustrialinfrastoicture

[D]acceptingforeigninvestment

58.Itseemsthatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically

[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica'sindustrialpattern

[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

Passage3

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmerican

SocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeep

intoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsand

spellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatin

theworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthrougha

setofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday'sevents.Inotherwords,thereis

aconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-made

narrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,which

helpsexplainwhythe"standardtemplates"ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Ina

recentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,

plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerepho