高中英語語法虛擬語氣

高中英語語法虛擬語氣

英語有三種不同的語氣:陳述語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣1.陳述語氣(TheindicativeMood)陳述事實(shí),提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑問，感嘆句。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.

HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!22.祈使語氣(TheImperativeMood)表請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)，命令，警告或勸告等.Let’shaveatalk.

Don’tjumpinthequeue.3虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念4

一、虛擬語氣在條件句中If+主語+did（be動(dòng)詞用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋doIf+主語+haddone主語＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主語+did2、If+主語+wereto+do3、If+主語+should+do主語＋should,wouldmight,could＋do5eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就會(huì)更努力學(xué)習(xí)．如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼的話，我就給他打電話了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloff/cancelthematch.Morepractice:6Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundthe

world.7IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensive

car.8大家有疑問的，可以詢問和交流可以互相討論下，但要小聲點(diǎn)9IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.10a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.11c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)fortheteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask12Ifhe__________(drive)morecarefully,

he________________(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad13IfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeen14a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______

(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgot/gottenwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.15c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone16Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.17假如他來了,我們對(duì)他說什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看見我,就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.18a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks19c.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe20真實(shí)條件句時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系

條件狀從主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+V原Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.a.虛擬條件句表示條件是無法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語氣。

b.

真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語氣。21Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。22ATTENTION：在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不用begoingto表將來,而用shall/will.(wrong)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(correct)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.232)表示真理時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞不用shall(will)+V原,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。24使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)條件狀從的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，叫做：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了．如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了．25Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.262.if從句中，省略if，將were，had，should提前，位于句首，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。not不能放在前面。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadnotseenhimthen,Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.HadInotseenhimthen,Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.273、含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中通過其它手段來代替條件句。常用介詞with，without，butfor（要不是）；連詞or，but；副詞otherwise或inthatcase(如果是那樣的話)。281.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasbusythen.=IfIhadn’tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.2.Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.29Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you______sotired.drove;didn’tgetdrove;wouldn’tgetweredriving;wouldn’tgethaddriven;wouldn’thavegot30________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will31Ifyou______withGeorgeearlier,you_____soangrynow.talked;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnotbewouldtalk;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnothavebeen32Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver_____soseriouslynow.isnotpollutedwouldnotbepollutedhadnotbeenpollutedwouldnothavebeenpolluted33Withoutelectricity,humanbeinglife______quitedifferenttoday.iswillbewouldhavebeenwouldbe34Butforhishelp,I______.shouldnothavesucceededhavenotsucceededdidnotsucceedhadnotsucceeded35Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.hadscoredscoredwouldscorewouldhavescored36—Whydidn’tyoubuyit?—I______butIdidn’thavethemoney.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.hadhadD.hadbought37二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語從句１、wish后面的賓語從句中。一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在did/were表過去haddone表將來would,might,could＋doIwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\could/mightgo.38

Iwish(that)he________________(visit)ustomorrow.Iwish(that)he_________(visit)ustoday.I

wishhe____________________________(visit)usyesterday.would/could/mightvisitvisitedhadvisited392.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist,(一堅(jiān)持)order,command,(二命令)suggest,advise,propose,(三建議)require,request,demand,desire(四要求).Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“時(shí)，用陳述語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意．那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢．40注意：suggest:表明，暗示陳述語氣建議虛擬語氣Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_____（be)illandthatshe________________(send)tohospitalimmediately.Insist：堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為陳述語氣

堅(jiān)持主張，堅(jiān)持要求虛擬語氣Heinsistedthathe____________(notsteal)themoneyandinsistedthathe_____________(set)free.was(should)besenthadn’tstolen(should)beset41Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing____untilthepeoplearrived.A.didn’ttouchB.touchedC.betouchedD.touch42在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋do”should可以省略．（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.43A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)thatsb.should+do我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2她這樣做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

（3）虛擬語氣在在主語從句中44B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….thatsb.(should)

doItisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..Sb.(should)+doIt’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.45Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatshecan’tsing.Itisstrangethatthelazyboy_____passtheexam.A.hasB.shouldC.wouldD.might461.Itis(high/about)timethatsbshoulddo/didsth.三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly（要是．．．該有多好啊)IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!47I’mgettingtired;it’stimewe_____home.A.goB.aregoingC.wentD.shouldbegoing483.wouldrather+從句現(xiàn)在/將來did過去haddoneIwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.49asif/asthough（好像）+從句與現(xiàn)在相反did/were與過去相反haddone與將來相反would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.(區(qū)分evenif/though)50注意：若表示的確有某種可能(尤指天氣），也可不用虛擬語氣。Eg.Look!Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken515.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.526.當(dāng)incase,lest,forfearthat等引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí),從句用(should)+do。eg.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.在此類情況中,incase引導(dǎo)狀語從句也可不用虛擬語氣,如:eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.

53四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來可以---mighthavedone本來可能---should/oughttohavedone本來應(yīng)該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---比較：didn’tneedtodo沒必要做也沒有做---我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本來會(huì)去做----我沒有足夠的錢．否則我會(huì)買那本書的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.54Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAAA555.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen8.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.

A.would

B.shouldhave

C.may

D.haveBBcA56虛擬語氣高考鏈接1.——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此題A、D明顯不合上下文，因?yàn)橐曳經(jīng)]有去。B選項(xiàng)若為wouldhave則成立，可以理解為IwouldhavecomeifIhadn’thadanunexpectedvisitor.的簡(jiǎn)略式。但此處是would,故應(yīng)排除。只有wasgoingto可得體地表達(dá)“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪”這一意思。

572.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：觀察題干，可知全句表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故答案為D。

虛擬語氣高考鏈接3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析：根據(jù)insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should)do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是B。58虛擬語氣高考鏈接4.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析：此題表與過去事實(shí)相反的原望，答案應(yīng)為C。

5.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：without引出一個(gè)含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為D。

596.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析；放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實(shí)際上并非如此，因此是