2019英語專八真題及答案

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2019)

-GRADEFOUR-

TIMELIMIT:150MIN

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(25MIN)

SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothe

mini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREE

WORDSforeachgap.Makesurewhatyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusethe

blanksheetfornote-taking.

YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.

Now,listentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

InthissectionyouwillhearTWOinterview.Attheendofeachinterview,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhat

wassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbea

ten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesof[A],[B],[C],and[D],andmarkthebest

answertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.

Now,listentothefirstinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonfirstinterview.

1.A.Environmentalissues.B.Endangeredspecies.

C.Globalwarming.D.Conservation.

2.A.Itisthoroughlyproved.B.Itisdefinitelyveryserious.

C.Itisjustavariation.D.Itischangingourwaysofliving.

3.A.Protectionofanimals5habitats.B.Negativehumanontheenvironment.

C.Frequentabnormalontheearth.D.Thewoman5sattitudetotheearth.

4.A.Natureshoulditscourse.B.Peopletakeforgranted.

C.Humanaretheearth.D.Animalsstayawayfromzoos.

5.A.Objective.B.Pessimistic.C.Skeptical.D.Subjective.

6.A.Teachers5resistancetochange.B.Students5inadequateabilitytoread.

C.Teachers5misunderstandingofsuchliteracy.D.Students5indifferencetothenewmethod.

7.A.Abilitiestocompletechallengingtasks.B.Abilitiestolearnsubjectmatterknowledge.

C.Abilitiestoperformbetterinschoolwork.D.Abilitiestoperformdisciplinarywork.

8.A.Recallingspecificinformation.B.Understandingparticulardetails.

C.Examiningsourcesofinformation.D.Retellingahistoricalevent.

9.A.Engagingliteracyandexpertsintheprogram.

B.Helpingteacherswhatdisciplinaryliteracyis.

Now,listentothesecondinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonthesecondinterview.

C.Teachingdisciplinarypracticesbyliteracyteachers.

D.Designinglearningstrategieswithfrombothsides.

lO.A.Toargueforacase.B.Todiscussadispute.

C.Toexplainaproblem.D.Topresentdetails.

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45MIN)

SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiple

choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[DJ.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthe

bestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

(1)Whenitcametoconcealinghistroubles,TommyWilhelmwasnotlesscapablethanthenextfellow.Soatleast

hethought,andtherewasacertainamountofevidencetobackhimup.Hehadoncebeenanactor一no,notquite,anextra

一andheknewwhatactingshouldbe.Also,hewassmokingacigar,andwhenamanissmokingacigar,wearingahat,he

hasanadvantage;itishardertofindouthowhefeels.Hecamefromthetwenty-thirdfloordowntothelobbyonthe

mezzaninetocollecthismailbeforebreakfast,andhebelieved一hehoped一thathelookedpassablywell:doingallright.

(2)MostoftheguestsattheHotelGlorianawerepasttheageofretirement.AlongBroadwayintheSeventies,

Eighties,andNineties,agreatpartofNewYork'svastpopulationofoldmenandwomenlives.Unlesstheweather

istoocoldorwettheyfillthebenchesaboutthetinyrailedparksandalongthesubwaygratingsfromVerdiSquareto

ColumbiaUniversity,theycrowdtheshopsandcafeterias,thedimestores,thetearooms,thebakeries,thebeautyparlors,the

readingroomsandclubrooms.AmongtheseoldpeopleattheGloriana,Wilhelmfeltoutofplace.Hewascomparatively

young,inhismiddleforties,largeandblond,withbigshoulders;hisbackwasheavyandstrong,ifalreadyalittlestoopedor

thickened.Afterbreakfasttheoldguestssatdownonthegreenleatherarmchairsandsofesinthelobbyandbegantogossip

andlookintothepapers.

(3)Neverthelesshefollowedhisdailycourseandcrossedthelobby.

(4)Rubin,themanatthenewsstand,hadpooreyes.Theymaynothavebeenactuallyweakbuttheywerepoorin

expression,withlacylidsthatfurleddownatthecomers.Hedressedwell.ltdidn'tseemnecessary一hewasbehindthe

countermostofthetime-buthedressedverywell.Hehadonarichbrownsuit;thecuffsembarrassedthehairsonhissmall

hands.HeworeaCountessMarapaintednecktie.AsWilhelmapproached,Rubindidnotseehim:hewaslookingout

dreamilyattheHotelAnsonia,whichwasvisiblefromhiscomer,severalblocksaway.TheAnsonia,theneighborhood5s

greatlandmark,wasbuiltbyStanfordWhite.ltlookslikeabaroquepalacefromPragueorMunichenlargedahundredtimes,

withtowers,domes,hugeswellsandbubblesofmetalgonegreenfromexposure,ironfretworkandfestoons.

(5)ThenRubinsaid,"Yourdadisintobreakfestalready,theoldgentleman.5,

“Oh,yes?Aheadofmetoday?”

"That'sarealknocked-outshirtyougoton,AAsaidRubin."Where'sitfrom,Saks?”

"No,ifsaJackFagman一Chicago.5,

(6)Evenwhenhisspiritswerelow,Wilhelmcouldstillwrinklehisforeheadinapleasingway.Someoftheslow,

silentmovementsofhisfacewereveryattractive.Hewentbackastep,asiftostandawayfromhimselfandgetabetterlook

athisshirt.Helikedtoweargoodclothes,butoncehehadputitoneacharticleappearedtogoitsownway.Wilhelm,

laughing,pantedalittle;histeethweresmall;hischeekswhenhelaughedandpuffedgrewround,andhelookedmuch

youngerthanhisyears.Intheolddayswhenhewas.

(7)"Hikethisdove-graycolor,"hesaidinhissociable,good-naturedway."Itisn'twashable.Youhavetosenditto

thecleaner.ltneversmellsasgoodaswashed.Butit'saniceshirt.ltcostsixteen,eighteenbucks.55

11.Wilhelmhopedhelookedallrightotolobbyhewantedto.

A.leaveagoodimpressionB.givehisfatherasurprise

C.showhisactingpotentialD.disguisehislowspirit

12.Wilhelmhadsomethingintheoldgueststhattheyall.

A.livedalifeB.likedtogossips

C.idledtheirtimeawayD.likedtogetupearly

13.Howdidfeelwhenhecrossingthelobby(Para.2)?

C.Hewasateasetheold.D.Hewasaboutajoboffer.

A.Hefeltwascoming.B.Hewashis即herwaslate.

14.WliichpartofRubin'sclothesmadehimlookparticularlyawkward?(Para.4)?

A.Thenecktie.B.Thecuffs.C.Thesuit.D.Theshirt.

15.Whatcanwelearntheauthor'sdescriptionofclothes?

A.Hisshirthimlookbetter.B.Hecaredmuchhisclothes.

C.Helikeainhisshirt.D.Theclothesneverquitematched.

PASSAGETWO

(1)Bythe1840sNewYorkwastheleadingcommercialcityoftheUnitedStates.Ithadlongsinceoutpaced

Philadelphiaasthelargestcityinthecountry,andeventhoughBostoncontinuedtobeveneratedastheculturalcapitalofthe

nation,itsimagehadbecomesomewhatlanguid;ithadnotkeptupwiththeimplicationsofthenewlyindustrialized

economy,ofadiversifiedetlinicpopulation,oroftherapidlyrisingmiddleclass.(2)Thepennypaperhadfounditsfirst

successinNewYork.Bythemid-1830sBenDay'sSunwasdrawingreadersfromallwalksoflife.Ontheotherhand,the

Sunwasaskimpysheetprovidinglittlemorethanminordiversions;fewtodaywouldcallitanewspaperatall.

(3)OfficiallyhewasaWhig(andlateraRepublican),butheseldomgavecomforttohischosenparty.Bennett,on

theotherhand,hadlongsincecuthispoliticalties,andalthoughhispapercoveredlocalandnationalpoliticsfollyandhe

wentafterpoliticianswithhammerandtongs,Bennettwasacynic,adistrusterofallsettledvalues.Hedidnotregardhimself

asanintellectual,althoughinfeethewasbettereducatedthanGreeley.Bythe1840stwogiantsburstintothefield,editors

whowouldrevolutionizejournalism,wouldbringthenewspaperintothemodemage,andshowhowitcouldbeinfluential

inthenationallife.Thesetwogiants,neitherofwhomhasbeentreatedkindlybyhistory,wereJamesGordonBennettand

HoraceGreeley.BennettfoundedhisNewYorkHeraldin1835,lessthantwoyearsaftertheappearanceoftheSun.Horace

GreeleyfoundedhisTribunein1841.BennettandGreeleywerethemostinnovativeeditorsinNewYorkuntilaftertheCivil

War.TheirnewspapersweretheleadingAmericanpapersoftheday,

(4)AsdifferentasBennettandGreeleywerefromeachothertheywerealsocuriouslyalike.Bothstoodoutsidethe

circleofpolitesociety,evenwhentheybecameprosperous,andinBennett5scase,wealthy.Bothwereincurable

eccentrics.Neitherwasagentleman.Neitherconjuredupthepictureofasuccessfuleditor.Greeleywasunkempt,always

lookinglikeanunmadebed.Evenwhenhewasnationallyfamousinthe1850sheresembledaclerkinathird-ratebrokerage

house,withslipsofpaper一marked-upproofsperhaps-'hangingoutofhispocketsorstuckinhishat.Hebecamefat,was

alwaysnearsighted,alwayspeeringoverspectacles.Hespokeinahigh-pitchedwhine(哀號).

(6)BothGreeleyandBennetthadservedlong,humiliatinganddisappointingapprenticeshipsinthenewspaper

business.Theytookalongtimegettingtothetop,theonlyrewardforthelongyearsofwaitingbeingthatwhentheyhad

theirownnewspapers,bothknewwhattheywantedandfinnlysetaboutgettingit.WhenGreeleyfoundedtheTribunein

1841hehadthestrongsupportoftheWhigpartyandhadalreadyhadashortperiodofmodestsuccessasaneditor.

5Dickensianeccentrics,althoughperhapsEbenezerScroogeorThomasGradgrindcomestomindratherthanthe

kindlyoldMr.Pickwick.Greeleywaslaughedatbutadmired:Bennettwasseldomlaughedatbutneveradmired:onthe

otherhand,hehadahardprofessionalcompetenceandanencyclopedicknowledgeofhisadoptedcountry,anin-depth

learninguncorruptedbyvagueidealisms.Allofthisperfectlysuitedhimforthejournalismofthisconfusingage.The

appearanceofBennettwassomewhatdifferentbuthardlymorereassuring.Ashrewd,wiry(瘦而名吉實的)Scotsman,who

seemedtorepelintimacy,Bennettlookedaroundattheworldwithasquintyglareofsuspicion.Hiseyesdidnotfocusright.

Theyseemedtofixthemselvesonnothingandeverythingatthesametime.Hewasassolitaryasanoyster,theclassicloner.

Heseldommadeclosefriendshipsandfewpeopletrustedhim,althoughnobodywhohaddealingswithhim,howeverbrief,

doubtedhisabilities.He,too,couldhavecomeoutofabookof

16.WliichofthefollowingisNOTtheopiniononBenDayandhisSun(Para.2)?

A.Sunhadoncebeenapopularnewspaper.B.Sunfoiledtobeahigh-newspaper.

C.BenDaylackedandimagination.D.BenDayhasforbettercoverage.

17.WhichofthefollowingisaboutGreeley5sorBennett5sstance(Para.3)?

A.GreeleyandBennettwerebothstrongoftheirparty.

B.Greeley,asaWhigmember,inhisparty5sideals

C.Bennett,asanindependent,loathedvalues.

D.GreeleyandBennettpossessedpoliticalvalues.

18.Whichofthefollowingfiguresofwasusedtodescribemannerofwalking(Para.4)?

A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.

19.1nPara.5wasdepictedasamanwho

A.hadstrongerthanGreeleyB.possessedagreatforjournalism

C.wasinpursuitofinjournalismD.wasknowledgeablehishomecountry

20.HowwasGreeleyfromBennettaccordingtoPara.6?

A.Hehadachievedbusinesssuccessfirst.B.HestartedhiscareerearlierthanBennett.

C.Hegotinitialsupportfromaparty.D.Hehadamoreapprenticeship.

PASSAGETHREE

(1)WhymakeafilmaboutNedKelly?MoreingeniouscrimesthanthosecommittedbytherecklessAustralian

banditarereportedeveryday.Australianbushandawayfromhisnaturalhaunts?Theansweristhatthefilmmakersknow

wealwaysfallforabandit,andJaggerissettodoforboldNedKellywhatBrandooncedidforthearrogantEmiliano

Zapata.

(2)Abanditinhabitsaspecialrealmoflegendwherehisdeedsarewherehisdeathratherthanhislifeisconsidered

wherethemenwhobringhimto'justice"areafflictedwithdoubtsabouttheirrole.

(3)Thebanditshadaroletoplayasdefiniteasthatoftheauthoritieswhocondenmedthem.Theseweremenin

conflictwithauthority,.Eventhere,however,manyofthemobeyedcertainunwrittenrules.

(4)Theserobbers,whoclaimedtobesomethingmorethanmerethieves,hadincommon,firstly,asenseof

loyaltyandidentitywiththepeasantstheycamefrom.Theydidn'tstealthepeasant'sharvest;theydidstealthelord's.

(5)Andcertaincharacteristicsseemtoapplyto"socialbandits5,whethertheywereinSicilyorPeru.Theywere

generallyyoungmenundertheageofmarriage,predictablythebestagefordissidence.Someweresimplythesurplusmale

populationwhohadtolookforanothersourceofincome;otherswererunawayserfsorex-soldiers;aminority,.

(6)Theyusuallyoperatedinbandsbetweentenandtwentystrongandreliedforsurvivalondifficultterrainandbad

transport.Unlikethegeneralrunofpeasantrytheyhadatasteforflamboyantdressandgesture;buttheyusuallysharedthe

peasants'religiousbeliefsandsuperstitions.

(7)ThefirstsignofamancaughtupintheRobinHoodsyndromewaswhenhestartedout,forcedintooutlawryasa

victimofinjustice;andwhenhethensetoutto"rightwrongs5,firsthisownandthenotherpeople's.Theclassicbanditthen

"takesfromtherichandgivestothepoor"inconformitywithhisownsenseofsocialinjustice;heneverkillsexceptin

self-defenseorjustifiablerevenge;hestayswithinhiscommunityandevenreturnstoitifhecantotakeupanhonorable

place;

(8)Noneofthebanditslivedupfullytothisimageofthe"noblerobber"andformanytheclaimoflargermotives

wasoftenadelusion.

(9)Yetamazingly,manyoftheseviolentmendidbehaveatleasthalfthetimeinaccordancewiththisidealist

pattern.PanchoVillainMexicoandSalvatoreGiulianoinItalybegantheircareersharshlyvictimized.Manyoftheir

charitableactslaterbecamelegends.

(10)Farfrombeingdefeatedindeath,bandits5reputationfbrinvincibilitywasoftenstrengthenedbythemannerof

theirdying.The"dirtylittlecoward"whoshotJesseJamesinthebackisineveryballadabouthim,andtheimplicationis

thatnothingelsecouldhavebroughtJessedown.Evenwhenthepoliceclaimedthecredit,astheytriedtodoatfirstwith

Giuliano5sdeath,thebandit5svitalitypromptsthepeopletorefusetobelievethattheirherohasdied;hisdeathwouldbein

somewaythedeathofhope.

(11)Forthetraditional"noblerobberAArepresentsanextremelyprimitivefbnnofsocialprotest,perhapsthemost

primitivethereis.Heisanindividualwhorefusestobendhisback,thatisall.Mostprotesterswilleventuallybeboughtover

andpersuadedtocometotermswiththeofficialpower.Theycannotabolishoppression.Buttheydoprovethatjusticeis

possible,thatpoormenneednotbehumble,helplessandmeek.

(12)Thebanditintherealworldisrootedinpeasantsocietyandwhenitssimpleagriculturalsystemisleftbehindso

ishe.Butthetalesandlegends,thebooksandfilmscontinuetoappearfbranaudiencethatisneitherpeasantnorbandit.In

somewaysthecharactersanddeedsofthegreatbanditscouldsoreadilybethestuffofgrandopera-DonJosein"Carmen"

isbasedontheAndalusianbandit.

21.Wliichofthefollowingwordsisintendedtosuggesttheapprovalofbandits?

A.Bold(Para.l).B.Claimed(Para.4).C.Legend(Para.2)D.Loyalty(Para.4).

22.Ofthefollowingreasonswhichisthelikelyoneforbecomingbandits?

A.Theylikedtheatricalclothesandbehavior.B.Theywantedtohelpthepoorcountryfolk.

C.Theywereunwillingtoacceptinjustice.D.Theyhadveryfewcareersopentothem.

23.”...begantheircareersharshlyvictimized5,meansthatthey.

A.hadreceivedexcessiveill-treatmentB.werepunishedfortheircrimes

C.tooktoviolenceasenseofinjusticeD.werebytheirparentsandfriends

24.Whathasmadebanditssuitableasfilmheroesisthatthey.

A.aresuretheyareB.possessatheatricalquality

C.retaintheofapeasantsocietyD.protestagainstandinequality

SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS

InthissectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.Answereachquestion

inNOMORETHANWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

25.Inandtherewasacertainamountofevidencetobackhimup(Para.l),\whatdoes"evidence"referto?

26.WhatisWilhelm'scharacteristicthathasneverchangedallthoseyearsaccordingtoPara.6?

PASSAGETWO

27.SummarizeinyourownwordsthemeaningoftheitalicizedpartinthelastsentenceofPara.2.

28.Whatdoesburheseldomgavecomforttohischosenparty"meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.3)?

29.WhatisthesimilaritybetweenBennettandGreeleyaccordingtoParas.4and5?

PASSAGETHREE

30.WritedownTWOfeaturesoftheidealistpattem(Para.9).

31.Whatdoes"hope"meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.lO)?

32.Whatdoes"Heisanindividualwhorefusestobendhisback"mean(Para.ll)?

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE(15MIN)

ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,only

ONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:

Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblank

providedattheendoftheline.

Foramissingword.markthepositionofthemissingwordwithasignandwritethe

wordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash"/"andputthewordinthe

blankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Example

WlienAartmuseumwantsanewexhibit,(1)

itjievArbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs(2)

themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum

wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.(3)

ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.

PARTIVTRANSLATION(20MIN)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET

THREE.

白洋淀曾有“北國江南”的說法，但村舍的形制自具特色，與江南截然不同。南方多雨，屋頂是坡頂；

這里的村舍則不同，屋頂是曬糧食的地方，而且歷史上每逢水大洪泛，村民就得把屋里的東西搬到屋頂上。

房屋彼此挨得很近，有些屋頂幾乎相連。

PARTVWRITING(45MIN)

Readcarefullythefollowingtwoexcerptsonconsumption,andthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN

300WORDS,inwhichyoushould:

1.summarizethemainmessageofthetwoexcerpts,andthen

2.commentontheroleofconsumptioninhumansociety,especiallyonwhetherconsumptionmayleadtodesirableor

undesirableresults.

Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpts.

Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.

Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.

Excerpt1

Consequencesofconsumerism

InHumanDevelopmentReport1998OverviewbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram(UNDP),"World

consumptionhasexpandedatanunprecedentedpaceoverthe20thcentury,withprivateandpublicconsumption

expendituresreaching$24trillionin1998,twicethelevelof1975andsixtimesthatof1950.In1900realconsumption

expenditurewasbarely$1.5trillion.5.

InSeptember2001,theBBCairedadocumentarycalled“Shopology”,wherepsychologistslookedintothe

psychologyofshoppingandconsumerismincountrieslikeBritain,USAandJapanandaskedifitwashealthyfor

consumers.Ofthemanypointstheyraised,theyobservedthat:

?Consumptionnowhelpstodefinewhoweare;

?Weessentially"buy"alifestyle;

?Consumerismcanincreasestressfbrvariousreasons;

?Todealwithsocialandconsumerismpressuresandtheireffects,peoplemayonoccasionconsumeevenmoreto

feelbetter;

?Risingconsumerdebtputspressureonfamilies.

Twoyearslater,theBBCairedanotherdocumentarycalled"Spend,Spend,Spend.5,Itlookedattheissuesofwhether

ornottheincreasedwealthandconsumerismhadledtomorecontentandsatisfiedindividuals.Thedocumentaryobserved

thatresearchevidenceseemedtosuggestthatincreasedwealthdidnotnecessarilyleadtomoresatisfactioninBritain.Wlien

interviewedintheprogram,ProfessorAndrewOswaldofWarwickUniversitysaidthatthekeyreasonforthiswasbecause

aswegetwealthierthereisoftenatendencytocomparemorewithothers,whichcontributestomoreanxiety.The"keeping

upwiththeJoneses"syndrome.Theimplicationsofthisareprofound.AsOswaldsuggested,itis"hardtomakesociety

happierastheygetricherandricherbecausehumanbeingslookconstantlyovertheirshoulders.That5sthecurseofhuman

beings;makingcomparisons.55

Excerpt2

Consumptionasapathtocultivation

Consumption,forGeorgeSimmel,Germansociologistandphilosopher,liesattheheartoftheprocessthroughwhich

peoplebecomecultivated,thatis,growtobecomeparticipating,reflectivemembersofsociety.Thisisbecauseconsumption

providesanexcellentsitefortheinteractionbetweensubjectandobject,whichSimmelbelievedtobethekeytocultivation.

Subjectivity,theuniquelyhumancapacityforself-reflection,whichallowsfbrtheself-consciousconstructionofactionand

identity,isnotnaturallyendowed;itonlydevelopsthroughthecreativetensionprovidedbyinteractionwithobjects

(includingpeople)existingintheworld.ForSimmel,consumptionprovidesavitalforumfbrthissubject-objectinteraction.

Throughconsumption,peoplecometounderstand,instillmeaningin,andactuponobjectsencounteredintheworld.

Consumptionprovidespeoplewiththeopportunitytorefinethemselvesthroughinteractionwithobjectsintheworld.In

addition,byconfronting,adapting,andintegratingvariousworld-viewsdirectlyorindirectlydemonstratedinconsumption

objects,peoplenotonlyrealizetheirpotentialasuniquehumanbeings,theyalsobecomewell-socializedmembersofa

society.

------THEEND

2019年專業(yè)英語八級真題答案解析（目前都未出版，此僅供參考）

SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

錄音原文文字（手工輸入，僅供參考）

BodyLanguageinMind

Goodmorningeveryone.Intoday'slectureI'dliketofocusonhowourbodylanguagerevealswhoweare.Weare

reallyfascinatedwithbodylanguageandparticularlyinterestedinotherpeople'sbodylanguage.

Andwhatarenonverbalexpressionsofpoweranddominance?Well,thisiswhattheyare:intheanimalkingdom,

non-verbalexpressionsofpoweranddominanceareaboutexpanding.Soyoumakeyourselfbig,youstretchout,youtake

upspaceandyouarebasicallyopeningup.

Butwhatdowedowhenwefeelpowerless?Wedoexactlytheopposite.Wecloseup.

Wemakeourselvessmall.Wedon'twanttobumpintothepersonnexttous.Andthisiswhathappenswhenyouputtogether

highandlowpower.Sowhatwetendtodowhenitcomestopoweristhatwecomplementtheothersnon-verbals.WhatI

meanis,ifsomeoneisbeingreallypowerfulwithus,wetendtomakeourselvessmaller.Wedon*tmirrorthem.Wedothe

opposite.IamwatchingthisbehaviorintheclassroomandguesswhatIhavenoticed.InoticedthatMBAstudentsreally

exhibitthefullrangeofpowernon-verbals.

Ialsonoticeanotherinterestingthingaboutthis.Itseemswomenaremuchmorelikelytodothiskindofthingthan

men.Imeanwomenaremorelikelytomakethemselvessmall.Womenfeelchronicallylesspowerfulthanmen.Sothisis

notsurprising.

Thesecondquestionconcernsourminds.Weknowthatourmindschangeourbodies,butisitalsotruethatourbodies

changeourminds?AndwhenIsay'minds'inthecaseofthepowerful,whatdoImean?Iamtalkingaboutthoughtsand

feelingsandthesortsofphysiologicalthingsthatmakeupourthoughtsandfeelings,andinmycasethat'shormones.Ilook

athormones.

Physiologically,therearealsodifferencesontwokeyhormones.Oneisdominancehormoneandtheotherisstress

hormone.Whatwefindisthatpowerfulandeffectiveleadershavehighdominancehormoneandlowstresshormone.What

doesthatmean?Thatmeanspowerisalsoabouthowyoureacttostress.Oncewedidanexperiment,wedecidedtobring

peopleintothelabandrunthatlittleexperiment.Thesepeopleadoptedfortwominuteseitherhighpowerposesorlow

powerposes.We,f