北京市第四十四中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬測試英語試題

高三第三次模擬測試英語試卷試卷滿分100分，時間90分鐘第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15）AsIwatchedthebusdriversetmyluggageonthesidewalk,Irealizedmyanxietyhadbegun.Thiswasmyfirstvisittotheinternationalairport,andnothingwas___1___.Icouldnotmakesenseofanyofthesigns.Ihadbeeninthiscountryforawholeterm,butIcouldnotevenrecognizethebasiccharacters.Ibeganto___2___.IhadtofindhelpbecauseIcouldnotbelate!Fortunately,another___3___arrivedandthepassengerscameout.Idraggedmysuitcasebehindmeandfollowedthegroup.Wefinallyreachedtheelevators.Oh,no!Theyallfitinit,buttherewasnotenough___4___forme.Iwatchedindespairastheelevatordoorsclosed.Igotontheelevatorwhenitreturnedandstaredatallthebuttons.Ipressedbutton3.I___5___nervouslywhenIsteppedoutoftheelevator.TearsformedinmyeyesasIsawthedesertedlobby(大廳)and___6___thatIcouldn’tfindtheinspectioncounter.Justthenanairportemployeeappeared.HesawthatIwas___7___andaskedifhecouldhelp.HegavemehishandkerchieftodrymyeyesasIrelatedmydifficultsituation.Hesmiledkindly,and___8___medownalonghallway.Wewalkedupsomestairs,linesofpeopleandpushedmyluggagetotheinspectioncounter.WhenIturnedtothankhimforallhishelp,hewasgone.Iwillneverknowthatkindman’sname,butIwillalways___9___hisunexpectedpoliteness.HehelpedmewhenIneededitthemost.IcanonlyhopethatonedayIwillbeabletodothesameforanother___10___whoissufferingthroughaterriblejourney.1.A.new B.familiar C.beautiful D.difficult2.A.panic B.wonder C.regret D.dream3.A.bus B.train C.plane D.car4.A.time B.money C.air D.room5.A.brokedown B.camein C.lookedaround D.droppedby6.A.revealed B.responded C.recalled D.realized7.A.busy B.hurt C.lost D.bored8.A.followed B.raced C.led D.pushed9.A.report B.remember C.explain D.suggest10.A.pilot B.traveler C.worker D.driver【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.D5.C6.D7.C8.C9.B10.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在國際機場候機樓迷路，得到好心工作人員幫助的故事?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他是我第一次去國際機場，一切都不熟悉。A.new新的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.beautiful漂亮的；D.difficult困難的。根據(jù)前文“Thiswasmyfirstvisittotheinternationalairport”可知，因為作者第一次去國際機場，一切不熟悉。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始恐慌起來。A.panic恐慌；B.wonder想知道；C.regret后悔；D.dream做夢。根據(jù)前文“Ihadbeeninthiscountryforawholeterm,butIcouldnotevenrecognizethebasiccharacters.(我在這個國家待了整整一個學(xué)期，但我連最基本的漢字都認不出來。)”可知，因為對周邊情況不熟悉，所以作者開始恐慌起來。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，另一輛公共汽車來了，乘客們都出來了。A.bus公交車；B.train火車；C.plane飛機；D.car小汽車。根據(jù)前文“AsIwatchedthebusdriversetmyluggageonthesidewalk,Irealizedmyanxietyhadbegun.”可知，此處指另一輛公交車來了。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們都到電梯里去了，但沒有足夠的地方給我。A.time時間；B.money錢；C.air空氣；D.room空間，地方。根據(jù)后文“Iwatchedindespairastheelevatordoorsclosed.”可知，作者絕望地看著電梯門關(guān)上，由此可知，此處指電梯里沒有足夠的空間了。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我一走出電梯就緊張地向四周看了看。A.brokedown崩潰；Bcamein進來；C.lookedaround環(huán)顧四周；D.droppedby拜訪。根據(jù)前文“butIcouldnotevenrecognizethebasiccharacters.”和后文“…nervouslywhenIsteppedoutoftheelevator”可知，因為作者對一切不熟悉，所以出電梯時，緊張地向四周看了看。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我看到空無一人的大廳，意識到我找不到海關(guān)檢查柜臺時，我的眼睛里涌出了淚水。A.revealed揭露；B.responded回應(yīng)；C.recalled回憶；D.realized意識到。根據(jù)后文“Icouldn’tfindtheinspectioncounter.”可知，此處指作者意識到自己找不到海關(guān)檢查柜臺。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他看出我迷路了，就問我是否需要幫助。A.busy忙碌的；B.hurt受傷的；C.lost迷路的；D.bored無聊的。根據(jù)前文“Icouldn’tfindtheinspectioncounter.”可知，因為作者找不到海關(guān)檢查柜臺，由此可知，作者迷路了。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他和藹地笑了笑，領(lǐng)著我走過一條長長的走廊。A.followed跟隨；B.raced參加比賽；C.led帶領(lǐng)；D.pushed推。根據(jù)后文“Wewalkedupsomestairs,linesofpeopleandpushedmyluggagetotheinspectioncounter.”可知，那個員工領(lǐng)著作者走過一條長長的走廊，到了海關(guān)檢查處。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我永遠也不會知道那個善良的人的名字，但我將永遠記住他出乎意料的禮貌。A.report報道；B.remember記得；Cexplain解釋；D.suggest建議。根據(jù)前文“Iwillneverknowthatkindman’sname”和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，雖然作者不知道那個善良的人的名字，但作者記住了他的禮貌。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我只能希望有一天，我也能為另一個正在經(jīng)歷可怕旅程的旅行者做同樣的事情。A.pilot飛行員；B.traveler旅行者；C.worker工人；D.driver司機。根據(jù)后文“whoissufferingthroughaterriblejourney.”可知，此處指的是旅行者。故選B。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mrs.Baileywasimportantintheeducationaljourneythatcarriedmethroughschoolandintomyprofession.UntilIjoinedherclass,Ihadn’tbelievedinmyabilityasawriter.She___11___(persuade)metojointhepoetrysocietyandlitinmeafireforliterature.Sherecognised___12___(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspiredinme,I’vecarvedouta___13___(success)professionasajournalist.【答案】11.persuaded12.my13.successful【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Mrs.Bailey對作者的影響。【11題詳解】考察時態(tài)。句意：她說服我加入詩社，點燃了我對文學(xué)的熱情。結(jié)合上下文的時態(tài)和本句句意，這里表示的是過去發(fā)生過的事，所以用一般過去時。故填persuaded。【12題詳解】考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)了我的潛力，并向我展示了我可以充滿創(chuàng)造力和熱情地寫作。potential在句中作動詞recognize的賓語，是名詞，前面的代詞應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞修飾。故填my。【13題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：因為她激發(fā)了我的信心，我在記者行業(yè)闖出了一番天地。profession意為“職業(yè)”，是名詞，需要形容詞來修飾。故填successful。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign___14___theycelebratedtheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.Thismovewastoimprovetheirrelationshipswiththeirnearanddearonesandtokeepthemawayfromthevirtual(虛擬的)life.___15___(study)indicatethatamajorityofyoungpeopleusedtheirphonesduringlessons,overfamilymealsorevenatthecinema.Theproblemofphoneaddiction(成癮)hasbeenobservedsinceafewyearsago,withexpertsandpsychologists___16___(try)toincreaseawarenessaboutthisproblem.【答案】14.where15.Studies16.trying【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是一些大學(xué)生為了戒掉癮而開展的一項活動?！?4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：一些大學(xué)生開展了一項活動，他們在沒有的情況下度過一整天。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是定語從句，先行詞是acampaign，定語從句中缺少地點狀語，故填where?！?5題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：研究表明，大多數(shù)年輕人在上課、與家人吃飯甚至看電影時都使用。分析句子成分，這里是在句中作主語，應(yīng)用名詞，結(jié)合謂語動詞indicate，沒有用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，說明主語是復(fù)數(shù)。而且因為是在句首，故填Studies?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：上癮的問題在幾年前就已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，專家和心理學(xué)家努力提高人們對這個問題的認識。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在“with+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，try是作賓語補足語，它跟賓語之間是主動關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填trying。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thetigershark___17___(consider)tobeoneofthemostdangeroussharksintheworld.Whyaretigersharkssodangerous?First,theyliketolive___18___waterswherehumansusuallyswim,sothechancesofanencounter(遭遇)aremuchgreater.Second,tigersharksaresostrongandaggressivethattheycan___19___(easy)hitaperson.Andthird,tigersharkshaveteethperfectly____20____(design)forcuttingtheirfood,soitiscertainthatthedamagewillbedisastrous.【答案】17.isconsidered/hasbeenconsidered18.in19.easily20.designed【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為什么虎鯊如此危險。【17題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：虎鯊被認為是世界上最危險的鯊魚之一。這是一個客觀事實可以用一般現(xiàn)在時，或者這是到目前為止一種認知，所以也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語是thetigershark，是單數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。而且虎鯊跟認為之間是被動關(guān)系，所以也要用被動語態(tài)。故填isconsidered/hasbeenconsidered?！?8題詳解】考察介詞。句意：首先，它們喜歡生活在人類經(jīng)常游泳的水域，所以遇到它們的幾率要大得多?；Ⅴ徤钤谒铮媒樵~in。故填in?！?9題詳解】考察副詞。句意：第二，虎鯊是如此的強壯和有攻擊性，它們可以輕易地攻擊一個人。hit是動詞，修飾動詞要用副詞，故填easily。【20題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：第三，虎鯊有完美的設(shè)計來切割它們的食物牙齒，所以肯定會造成災(zāi)難性的破壞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里“設(shè)計來切割食物”是在句中作teeth的定語，design跟teeth之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞。故填designed。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）AIfyou’relookingtobuyagiftforyourchildren,whynotkeepupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?WhatisaHoverboard?Ahoverboardisatwowheeledpersonaltransportationdevice.It’selectrical,portableandbecamehighlypopularin2015inreferencetoapopular1980’smovie.Typically,thisselfbalancingdeviceoperateslikeapoweredskateboard.HowDoesaHoverboardWork?Thedevicemayhavemanydesigns,butthemechanismitselfisn’tplicated.Basically,astandardhoverboardcontains:?Battery:storestheelectricalpower.Almostallhoverboardsuseahighwattlithiumionbattery.?Gyroscope(oneforeachwheel):allowsriderstotilt(傾斜)thehoverboardwhilemaintainingbalanceandadjustingtheirdirection.?Motor(oneineachwheel):providesthepowertothewheelstokeeptheriderbalancedandupright.?Logicboard:functionsasthehoverboardbrain.Itprocessesdata—yourspeed,tilt,etc.—andsendsinformationtothemotors.Thisunitcontrolsthepoweroftheboardsoriderscanadjusttheirspeed.Alltheaboveponentsworktogethertocontrolthepowerandtiltofthehoverboardssotheriderisbalanced,uprightandmovingatacontrolledspeed.WhyBuyaHoverboard?Undoubtedly,hoverboardsarecool.You’veprobablyseenkidsridingonearoundthehouse.They’reaphenomenonandeverybodywantsin.So,whydenyyourkidsandpreventthemfrombeingpartofthistrend?Whereisahoverboardlegal?Despitetheirwildpopularity,hoverboardshaveyettobee“streetlegal”.Currently,someplacesprohibitanyoneunder16fromusingthesedevices,andhoverboardsarebannedinacademicinstitutionsandpublicplaces,likecampusbuildings,parks,shoppingmallsandsubwaystations.Someplaceshavealsoputspeedlimitsonthedevicesandrestrictedtheirusetobikepaths.However,openareas—includingyouryard—arefreeoftheserestrictions.21.Thelogicboardofahoverboardcan______.A.storeelectricityB.powerthewheelsC.sendinformationtotheridersD.receivedataandgivemand22.Accordingtothepassage,ahoverboardcanbeused______.A.oncampus B.inparksC.onbikepaths D.inshoppingmalls23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toevaluateagift’squality.B.Toremendagiftchoice.C.Toparenewhoverboardmodels.D.Toclarifyfunctionsofthelatesthoverboards.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【分析】這是一則推薦類的廣告。文章主要介紹了懸滑板（平衡車）的相關(guān)情況。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由?Logicboard部分中的Itprocessesdata—yourspeed,tilt,etc.—andsendsinformationtothemotors.Thisunitcontrolsthepoweroftheboardsoriderscanadjusttheirspeed.可知，它處理數(shù)據(jù)——你的速度、傾斜度等——并將信息發(fā)送給電動機。這個裝置控制著滑板的力量，所以騎手們可以調(diào)整他們的速度。由此我們可以判斷l(xiāng)ogicboard可以接收數(shù)據(jù)，并發(fā)出指令。故選D項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的Currently,someplacesprohibitanyoneunder16fromusingthesedevices,andhoverboardsarebannedinacademicinstitutionsandpublicplaces,likecampusbuildings,parks,shoppingmallsandsubwaystations.可知，目前，一些地方禁止16歲以下的人使用這些設(shè)備，學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)和公共場所也禁止使用懸滑板（平衡車），比如校園建筑、公園、購物中心和地鐵站。選項A校園，B公園，D購物中心都被排除。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中的Ifyou’relookingtobuyagiftforyourchildren,whynotkeepupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?可知，如果你想給你的孩子買禮物，為什么不緊跟潮流，買最好的懸滑板（平衡車）呢？由此可知，這篇文章是幫大家推薦一款給孩子的禮物。故選B項?！军c睛】解目的意圖類的推理判斷題，一般是結(jié)合首段或者末段，就可以找到文章的目的意圖。如第3小題，問文章的目的是什么，我們結(jié)合第一段中的Ifyou’relookingtobuyagiftforyourchildren,whynotkeepupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?可知，如果你想給你的孩子買禮物，為什么不緊跟潮流，買最好的懸滑板（平衡車）呢？由此可知，這篇文章是幫大家推薦一款給孩子的禮物。故選B項。BGrowingup,DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl,fromarefugee(難民)family,”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield,Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofBornandraisedinSanDiego’sCityWhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn’tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily,”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka’seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus,”Botham,aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don’ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoopetitiveorI’llnevergetintothisschool,”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”24.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.A.DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB.DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC.DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD.Deka’sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard25.Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation_______.A.fromhermother’sexperience B.afterherchemistryclassC.byreadingbooksinthelibrary D.throughworkingattheinstitute26.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisnotallroses. B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Wellbegunishalfdone. D.Hardworkleadstosuccess.【答案】24.D25.A26.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。DekaIsmail是一名來自難民家庭的黑人女孩，但是她通過不懈努力打破了標簽，現(xiàn)在她即將開始她在加州大學(xué)的一年級，計劃成為一名教授。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“herexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday”(她的經(jīng)歷塑造了她，激勵她成為像今天這樣有動力的年輕科學(xué)家)可知，Deka的經(jīng)歷促使她努力工作。故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句和第二句“WhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.”(Deka8歲的時候，為了養(yǎng)家糊口，母親回到學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí)，找了一份工作。這讓Deka意識到教育可以改變一個人的生活。)可知，Deka從她母親的經(jīng)歷中意識到教育的重要性。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒第二段第一句“Deka’seffortspaidoff.”(Deka的努力得到了回報。)和最后一句“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”(她每天到的時候都做好了工作、學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)對新挑戰(zhàn)的準備，不管她是否做過類似的事情。)可知，這個故事是為了告訴我們努力工作是成功之道。故選D。CRegardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddespitethestartreatmenttheyreceive,manycelebritiesmakeitapointtogivebacktocharities.Somehaveevensetuptheirownprivatefoundations.Theirwidelypublicisedvisitstotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawarenessofissuessuchasfamineandpoverty.AccordingtoJaneCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnototherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.Butinspiteofthesesuccessesthereisevidencetosuggestthatcelebrityendorsement(代言)maybeoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementwouldencouragepeopletodonate,researchersfoundthattheimpactwasnotasgreataspreviouslythought.Whenshownalistofwellknownorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchthecelebritywiththecause.What’smore,threequartersclaimedthattheydidn’trespondtocelebrityendorsementinanyway.Thesurveyalsoshowedthatafewnamesdidstandoutasbeingassociatedwithparticularcharities.Butthepresenceofacelebrityinacampaign,wasnotasignificantfactorwhenitcametoadecisiontodonatetimeormoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.Inanotherstudyaimedatyoungpeople,mostparticipantscitedapelling(無法抗拒的)missionastheirmainmotivationtogive.Thesecondmostimportantincentivewasifafriendorpeerremendedsupportingaparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthereisageneralfatigue(疲倦)withcelebrityculture.Thereisalsoasuspicionthatthestarsaretheonewhobenefitmostwhentheyoffertodocharitywork.Somecriticshaveaccusedthatcelebritiesmightactuallytakeattentionawayfromissuesbyattractingmoreattentionthanthecausestheyrepresent.Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeopportunitiesformoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloprelationshipswithcelebritiestomaximisetheirpotential.Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaignswhichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraphIprobablymean?A.Definite. B.plicated. C.Limited. D.Temporary.28.Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplecontributetocharitiesbecause________.A.theygainbenefitfromthecharitiesB.theyareforcedtofinishanecessarytaskC.theybelieveinthefamouspeopletheylikeD.theyareinspiredbythepeoplearoundthem29.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout________.A.whatcelebritiesachieveindoingcharitiesB.HowyoungpeoplereacttocelebritycultureC.whyyoungpeoplearehardlyinfluencedbycelebritiesD.whoistoblamefortakingattentionawayfromcharities30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscelebritydoingcharities?A.Objective. B.Positive.C.Negative. D.Unclear.【答案】27.A28.D29.C30.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要分析了名人做慈善的利與弊?！?7題詳解】詞句猜測題。第一段劃線詞所在句“Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.(她指出，名人近年來在籌集資金方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，他們的精力產(chǎn)生了切實的成果，比如讓貧困國家的數(shù)百萬兒童上學(xué))”中的“suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool”部分表明，名人們在慈善方面的努力取得了實在的成果，所以可以推測tangible意為“切實的，實在的”。A.Definite.確切的；B.plicated.復(fù)雜的；C.Limited.有限的；D.Temporary.暫時的。所以A選項和劃線詞詞義最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故選A項。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.(相反，大多數(shù)人捐款是因為他們生活和家庭中的私人關(guān)系，這使得慈善對他們很重要)”可知，大多數(shù)人向慈善機構(gòu)捐款是因為他們受到周圍人的鼓舞。故選D項?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.(只有2%的受訪者說他們受到名人代言的激勵。這似乎與一般的假設(shè)相矛盾，即青少年特別容易受到名人的影響)”可知，與一般的假設(shè)相反的是，青年人幾乎不會受到名人的影響，余下內(nèi)容“Onepossibleexplanationisthat…Thereisalsoasuspicionthat…Somecriticshaveaccusedthat…”則主要講述了原因，所以第三段主要講述青少年幾乎不受名人影響的原因。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。文章前面主要講述了名人做慈善帶來的切實的成果以及被夸大的現(xiàn)象，最后一段“Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?...Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaignswhichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.(因此，考慮到所有這些問題，慈善機構(gòu)是否應(yīng)該重新考慮他們的競選策略，尋找其他途徑來接觸新的受眾？……這反過來又會促進更多的參與和更有針對性的運動——這只會讓真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和動物)”提出慈善機構(gòu)應(yīng)該多方考慮，最終目的是使得真正需要的人或動物受益。所以作者是以客觀的態(tài)度來分析名人做慈善這件事。A.Objective.客觀的；B.Positive.積極的；C.Negative.消極的；D.Unclear.不清楚的。故選A項。DEffectivemonitoringofendangeredspeciesiskeytotheirsurvival.Studyingthemovement,rangeandhabitsofwildanimalsisessentialinordertoensuretheirhabitatremainsfreefrompoachers(偷獵者)anddevelopment.Traditionalmethodsofmonitoringwildanimals,especiallylargeones,includeradiotagging.Todothis,individualanimalsmustatfirstbecapturedsothatcollarsortagscanbefitted.OneorganisationthatadoptedthistechniquewasWildTrack.Inthelate1990s,theteamwasusingradiocollarstomonitorblackrhinoinNamibia.However,theteamsoonrealisedthatthechemicalsusedtoimmobilizetherhinoinordertofitthecollarshadanegativeimpactonfemalefertility.Notonlythatbutalargeproportionoftheradiocollarsfailedwithinthefirst6monthsandhadtobereplaced.Moreover,asanimalsgrew,thecollarswouldtighten,irritatingorevenhurtingtheanimal.Themethodwasnotonlyexpensive,butitwasalsocounterproductive,asitchangedtherhino’sbehaviour,thusinvalidating(使失效)thedatacollected.Atthesametime,theteamwasworkingalongsidelocaltrackers.Animaltrackingisoneoftheoldesthumanskills,andtheseexpertshadyearsofexperienceinidentifyingindividualanimalsbytheirfootprints.Theycouldeffectivelycreateatruepictureofindividualrhinos’activitieswithouttheuseofanyinvasivetechniques.Consequently,theteamwereinterestedtoknowwhetherthetrackers’knowledgecouldbesuccessfullytranslatedintoaneffective,puterisedtechniqueformonitoringanimalmovement.Withineachspecies,eachindividualhasitsownuniquefootcharacteristics,inthesamewaythathumanshavefingerprints.Thus,ifananimalissightedandidentifiedjustonce,andthecharacteristicsofitsfootprintsproperlyphotographedandmeasured,itsfootprintcanberecognisedwheneveritissightedagain.Ifdonerepeatedly,conservationistscandrawupadatabaseofall,oratleastasignificantproportionoftheindividualswithinthepopulation.Afterthatconservationistscanuseittoidentifyananimalanditsmovementsbyitsprint.Thedatagatheredcanbeusedforarangeofpurposes,forexampletomonitorbiodiversity.WildTrackiscurrentlyusingfootprintidentificationtechnologyinGreecetostudythepotentialeffectofalargehighwayconstructionthroughbrownbearhabitat.Identifyingananimalfromitsfootprintisnotwithoutitschallenges,however,aseachtimetheindividualplacesitsfootontheground,itleavesaslightlydifferenttrack,accordingtothetypeofgrounditiswalkingon,moisturelevelsandthewayitismoving.Inordertoaccountforthesevariations,itisnecessarytocollectseveraltracksfromeachindividual,includingimpressionsfromallfourfeet,onarangeofsurfaces.31.paredwithradiocollars,traditionalanimaltracking________.A.islessaccurateB.costsmoremoneyC.haslesssideeffectsD.dependsmoreonputers32.Accordingtothepassage,thefootprintidentificationtechnology________.A.needsmoredatatorunbetterB.developsfromradiocollarsChasnotbeenputintopracticeD.worksundercertainenvironment33.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Technologyholdsthekeytodevelopment.B.Traditionalskillsmakebetterconservationists.C.Animaltrackingsetsanewtrendinconservation.D.Creativityliesinthebinationoftheoldandnew.34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TopresentWildTrack’sextraordinarywork.B.Toprovideanewwayofmonitoringanimals.C.Toparetwodifferentmethodsofcatchinganimals.D.Toexplainhowtoidentifyanimalsfootprintseffectively.【答案】31.C32.A33.D34.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述為了保護瀕危物種，人們采用的對野生動物的監(jiān)測跟蹤技術(shù)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theycouldeffectivelycreateatruepictureofindividualrhinos’activitieswithouttheuseofanyinvasivetechniques.（他們可以在不使用任何侵入性技術(shù)的情況下，有效地描繪出犀牛個體活動的真實情況。）”可知，傳統(tǒng)的動物追蹤不會對動物使用侵入性技術(shù)，所以可以推斷，它很少有副作用。A.islessaccurate（不太準確）和文章內(nèi)容“couldeffectivelycreateatruepicture”不相符；B.costsmoremoney（花費更大）是radiocollars的特點；D.dependsmoreonputers（更多依賴電腦）文中沒有提到。只有C.haslesssideeffects（有很少的副作用）可以從文章中推斷出來。故選C項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifdonerepeatedly,conservationistscandrawupadatabaseofall,oratleastasignificantproportionoftheindividualswithinthepopulation.Afterthatconservationistscanuseittoidentifyananimalanditsmovementsbyitsprint.Thedatagatheredcanbeusedforarangeofpurposes,forexampletomonitorbiodiversity.（如果重復(fù)這樣做，自然資源保護主義者可以建立起一個數(shù)據(jù)庫，包括種群中所有的，或者至少是種群中相當(dāng)大比例的個體。之后，自然資源保護主義者可以用它來識別動物和它的運動印跡。收集到的數(shù)據(jù)可以用于多種目的，例如監(jiān)測生物多樣性。）”可以推斷，足跡識別技術(shù)需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)才能更好地運行。故選A項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段和第二段前半部分主要講述新技術(shù)radiocollars在動物監(jiān)測上的作用和缺陷，故而引出了傳統(tǒng)的動物追蹤技術(shù)，第三段“Thus,ifananimalissightedandidentifiedjustonce,andthecharacteristicsofitsfootprintsproperlyphotographedandmeasured,itsfootprintcanberecognisedwheneveritissightedagain…（因此，如果一種動物只被看到和識別一次，并且正確地拍攝和測量它的腳印的特征，那么無論何時再次被看到，它的腳印都可以被識別出來……）”主要講述動物足跡追蹤技術(shù)的使用原則和人們對它的利用，文章最后一段講述使用傳統(tǒng)的動物足跡追蹤技術(shù)也有挑戰(zhàn)，所以我們可以看出，文章暗示要進行新舊技術(shù)的結(jié)合才能有所創(chuàng)新。故選D項。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。文章前兩段主要講述radiocollars在動物監(jiān)測上的缺陷，并且引出了傳統(tǒng)的動物追蹤技術(shù)，接下來著重講了動物腳印追蹤技術(shù)的開發(fā)利用。所以文章的主要目的應(yīng)該是介紹這種動物監(jiān)測方法。B項“Toprovideanewwayofmonitoringanimals.（提供一種監(jiān)測動物的新方法。）”符合題意。故選B項。第二節(jié)7選5（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）FalseMemoriesorParallel(平行的)Realities?Hereisamonsituation:You’retalkingwithsomeoneaboutanevent,onlytodiscoverthatyoubothrememberthingsquitedifferently.Usually,you’dputitdowntoapoormemory,butwhatifitwasn’tjustonepersonwhorememberedthingsdifferently?Whatifitwasmillions?Infactthisisn’ta“whatif”situation.It’sknownastheMandelaEffect,anditwasfirstnoticedin2009byparanormalresearcherFionaBroome.BroomewaschattingwithpeopleabouttheSouthAfricanactivistNelsonMandela,andshementedhowsaditwasthathehaddiedinprisoninthe1980s.___35___Actually,he'dbeenreleasedin1990,beepresidentofSouthAfrica,anddiedin2013.Broomewassoshockedatthisthatshestartedaninvestigation.___36___Peoplehavememoriesofmoviesthatneverexisted,andfamouswordsthatwereneverspoken.ThereisevenagroupwhoclearlyrecallseeingmapsshowingthatNewZealandwasnortheastofAustralia(it’ssoutheast).Sowhatintheworldisgoingon?___37___Ineachreality,historyisshapedbydifferentevents,andtheMandelaEffectoccurswhensomeofusshiftfromonerealitytoanother.Therefore,thosewhorememberNelsonMandeladyinginthe1980saren’twrong.They’rejustrememberingeventsfromtheiroriginalreality.Morelikely,however,isthattheMandelaEffecthastodowithhowourbrainsstoreinformation.___38___ManypeoplerememberPikachu’stailhavingablacktipontheendofit,wheninfactitwasalwaysyellow.“Aha!”youcry.“Parallelrealities!”Probablynot.Considerinsteadthatpeopleoftenignoreunfamiliardetailsandtransforminformationtomakeitmoreunderstandable.InthePikachuexample,histailmaynothaveablacktip,buthisearscertainlydo.Thus,bothhisearsandtailaremisrememberedashavingblacktips.___39___Allthingsconsidered,ifyou’restuckarguingwinsomeoneaboutwhoseversionofeventsiscorrect,itmayindeedbeeasiertoagreethatneitherofyouiswrong.Youjustefromdifferentrealities.A.Beforeweexplainlet’slookatanexample.B.Itturnsoutshewasn’tthe