2024年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 法律常識(shí)、法律意識(shí)及社會(huì)進(jìn)步

話題二十八法律常識(shí)、法律意識(shí)及社會(huì)進(jìn)步

第一部分話題詞匯積累

單詞&短語(yǔ)

1.opponentn.________________

2.optionaladj._________________

3.accidentn.________________

4.organicadj--------------------------

5.outcomen.________________

6.casen--------------------------

7.outputn.________________

8.overalladj.________________

9.overlookvt.________________

lO.overseasadv---------------------------

11.packagen._______________

12.paraden-----------------------

13.paralleladj-----------------------

14.patternn.______________

15.pausen.&v.______________

16.peakn._______________

17.pedestriann._______________

18.permanentadj________________

19.personneln._______________

2O.pessimisticadj.______________

21.lawn._______________

22adj.普通的；平常的；一般的；平凡的

23.n.組織；固體；機(jī)構(gòu)

24adj.原料的；最早的；最初的；原創(chuàng)的

25adv.否則；以另外的方式

26adv.在/往戶外;在野外

27adj.外向的；愛(ài)交際的，友好的

28adj.杰出的；突出的；優(yōu)秀的

29.vt.戰(zhàn)勝；克服；解決

30.________________n.乘客；旅客

31._________________n.激情；熱愛(ài)；強(qiáng)烈情感

32.________________adj.消極的；被動(dòng)的

33.________n.病人adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的

34.________________n.表演；演出；表現(xiàn)

35.________________n.個(gè)性；人格；性格

36.________________n.現(xiàn)象

37.________n.物理學(xué)

38.________n.鋼琴家

39.---v.（原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞X使）恐慌

40.--v.（原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞）許可；準(zhǔn)許

41.為某人做手術(shù)

42.___________________________征詢某人的意見(jiàn)

43.抓住機(jī)會(huì)做某事

44.opposedoingsth./beopposedtodoingsth.

45.向反方向

46.對(duì)生活積極樂(lè)觀

47.placeanorderforacoat______________________________

48.otherthan______________________________

49.owesb.anapology/oweanapologytosb.

50.keeppacewith...___________________________

51.takepainstodosth.___________________________

52.在……中起重要作用___________________________

53.對(duì)某事講究/挑剔___________________________

54.尤其；特別___________________________

55..拜訪某人___________________________

56.還清欠債；得到回報(bào)___________________________

57.未經(jīng)許可___________________________

58.親自；親身___________________________

59.說(shuō)服某人做某事___________________________

60.給某人拍照___________________________

詞匯拓展

1.optionn.可選擇的事物；選擇；選擇權(quán)；選擇的自由；選修課；（未來(lái)的）買賣選擇權(quán)

Thisparticularmodelcomeswithawiderangeof

這種型號(hào)的貨品有很多選擇。

Severalareofferedforthestudents*senioryear.

為畢業(yè)班學(xué)生開(kāi)設(shè)了幾門選修課。

Iamkeepingmyopen.Ihavenotmadeadecisiononeithermatter.

我保留選擇權(quán)，這兩件事我都還沒(méi)有作出決定。

【辨異】option,choice,alternative,selection的區(qū)別

choice指普通意義上的選擇?？芍敢匀魏畏绞竭M(jìn)行的選擇，著重自由選擇，也可指被選中的人或物。

option指的是某個(gè)特定情境下眾多選擇中的一個(gè)。著重特別給予的選擇權(quán)利或權(quán)力，所選物常相互排斥。

alternative通常指的是可用于替代現(xiàn)有事物的另一個(gè)選擇。

selection通常指的是經(jīng)過(guò)精心挑選出來(lái)的，比較出色的人或事物。

Welefttheselectionoftheteamtothecaptain.我們把挑選隊(duì)員的工作交給了隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。

Atlunchtime,there'sachoicebetweenthebuffetandthesetmenu.

午餐可以選自助餐，也可以選套餐。

Itisreallyveryhardformetomakemyoptionbetweenthesealternatives.

讓我在這兩個(gè)選擇中作出選擇真的非常難。

Aftergraduation,shehasthealternativeofeitherbeingemployedinacompanyoroftakingonacareerofherown.

畢業(yè)后她可以選擇受雇于一家公司或者自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。

2.payoff償清，還清(債務(wù));還清欠……的錢；用錢打發(fā)；成功；贏利

Tothedebts,Iworkedhardfortenyears.

為了還清債務(wù)，我辛苦工作了十年。

Ibelievethathardworkanddeterminationareboundto

我相信勤奮和決心一定會(huì)得到回報(bào)。

Hewasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandhispersistence

他決心成為醫(yī)生，他的堅(jiān)持取得了成功。

［聯(lián)想］payavisitto參觀...

payback償還；報(bào)復(fù)

payfor支付

payattentionto注意...

活學(xué)活用

一、閱讀下列句子，在空自處填入1個(gè)單詞或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.1(panic)whenIsawsmokecomingoutoftheengine.

2.1thinkwe'regoingtohavetoplaceanordernew-modelchipsaheadofschedule.

3.Whilehomeschoolingoffersalternativetotheschoolenvironment,ithasbecomeacontroversialissue.

4.Noreferencebooksaretobetakenoutofthereadingroomwithout(permit).

5.Atfirstshetriedtopersuadeotherstodothefilm,butfinallyshewaspersuadedbyherfriends(do)it

herself.

二、翻譯句子

1.如果時(shí)間允許的話，你們可以參觀一下杭州的一些名勝古跡。(payavisit)

2.在贏得一場(chǎng)比賽中，心理因素常常起著重要作用。(playapart)

3.如果是這樣的話，除了向你說(shuō)聲對(duì)不起，我已經(jīng)不知道該做些什么了。(otherthan)

4.不要太講究吃穿，多注重學(xué)習(xí)和工作。(particular)

第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練

(A)閱讀理解

Over2.5quintillionbytesofdataarecreatedeachday.Manyofthemconsistofinformationthatwouldallowpeopleto

bepersonallyidentified.

Atthesametimethatweshareourpersonalinformation,thereisagrowingconcernwithhowthatinformationisbeing

gathered,stored,usedandshared.WhilemanyeconomieslikeCanadaandtheEUhaveprivacylawsdatingbacktothe

mid-1990s,changestodatapracticesinthepastfiveyearshavemotivatedgovernmentstorevieworupdateexistinglaws.

Changestoprivacylawsarebeingfuelledbygrowingpublicconcernswiththeideaofunrestricteddataaccumulation

anduse.Forinstance,earlierthisyear,theWorldEconomicForumfoundthat1/3ofglobalcitizenshavenoideaabouthow

theirpersonalinformationisusedandthattrustislacking.

Privacylawsarechangingtodealwiththerealandnoticedrisksofharmwhichresultfromtheunder-regulatedor

unregulateddataeconomy.TheEUhasintroducedbigreformtolawswhichareaimedatprotectingprivacy.TheEU's

GeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR)introducedstrictrequirementsforthosethatcontrolorprocessthepersonal

dataofthepeoplewholiveintheEU.TheGDPR'sstatedgoalsfocusontheprotectionandbasicrightsofpersonal

information.CertainUSstatesarealsoenteringthegroupinthefightforcontroloverpersonaldata.Theyhavepassedorare

activelyconsideringprivacylaws.Californiaisoutfront.TheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)providesgreater

controltoindividualsovertheirpersonalinformation.ThereisasensethatprivacylawsareonthehorizonintheUS.

Thesearetwoexamplesthatareactivelypursuingmoreprogressiveprivacylaws.Oneimportantconsiderationisto

harmonizeglobalstandardsforbestlawpractices.Thiswilleasecompliance(遵從)acrosstheborderandprovidea

valuablesignaltothepublicthatgovernmentsarekeepingpacewithrapidchange.

1.What'sthecauseofthechangeofprivacylaws?

A.Agrowingneedforinformation.

B.Publicconcernsoverdatasecurity.

C.Generalawarenessofdatacontrol.

D.Collectionofpersonalinformation.

2.HowdoesParagraph4develop?

A.Bygivingexamples.

B.Bylistingstatistics.

C.Byanalyzingreasons.

D.Bymakingcomparisons.

3.Whatisanimportantconsiderationforgloballawmakers?

A.Thepracticeoflawsindifferentfields.

B.Thereflectionofrealityindifferenteras.

C.Theconsistencyoflawsindifferentregions.

D.Theadaptationtochangesindifferentsocieties.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.EUpassesnewlawsforprivacyprotection.

B.Governmentsignoretheviolationofpersonalprivacy.

C.Privacylawsarechangingtoprotectpersonalinformation.

D?Peoplelacktheawarenessofpersonalinformationprotection.

(B)語(yǔ)法填空

EatinganddrinkingonthesubwayhaslongbeenacontroversialissueinChina.Whilemanyhavefeltasharp

annoyance1.thesightandscentoffoodinsubwaycars,quiteafewalsosupporttherighttochew

2.(noisy)onsnacksduringthetriptoworkorschool.

Thedebaterecentlyarrivedat3.(it)finaldestinationwhenMinistryofTransportofthePeople'sRepublicof

Chinaintroducedanew