2024年中考英語熱點閱讀練習-科普新知（含解析）

2024年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀-科普新知

題型主要內(nèi)容

1閱讀理解介紹了洋蔥的用途和營養(yǎng)價值，也提供了幾種切洋蔥不流淚的方法。

2閱讀理解介紹了筷子的歷史以及和筷子的發(fā)明有關的三個傳說，還介紹了制造筷子的多種材

料。

3閱讀理解介紹了人類進化過程中臉部的變化。

4閱讀理解通過《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的蘋果的話題。

5閱讀理解介紹了20世紀70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理學家進行了一項著名的關于創(chuàng)

造力的研究，名為“九點謎題”，這讓Guilford得出了一個籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論：創(chuàng)造力需要你

跳出框框。但是后來有人通過研究證明這個結(jié)論是一個誤導。

6閱讀理解講述了動物也會撒謊，撒謊可以幫助它們生存。

7閱讀理解講述了新冠肺炎疫情期間挽救人命的口罩，如今卻成了野生動物的“殺手”。作者呼吁人

們使用口罩后，勿隨意丟棄。

8完形填空講述了植物之間的交流方式。

9語法填空介紹了中國人喜歡喝熱水的原因。

01

（2023上?浙江?九年級期中）Whetheryellow,redorwhite,theonionisavegetablethatyoumaynotknow

well.Thelistofusesincookingforitisendless.Peoplehaveusedonionstoaddflavor（味道）totheirfoodsfor

thousandsofyears.Besidesonions5greattaste,theyareverygoodforyou.Theyhavespecialchemicals（化學物質(zhì)）

thatimproveyourabilitytofightoffsicknessandyouhavefewerchancesofgettingadisease.

Nomatterhowgoodonionsareforyou,itisdifficulttocutanonionwithoutyoureyesfillingwithtears!When

youcutintoanonion,irritatingchemicalsinsidetheonionwillgetintotheair.Theytouchyourwholeevesandcause

pain.Youreyesmaketearstowashawaythechemicalsandprotectyoureyes.

Luckily,cooksandscientistshavediscoveredsomewaystokeepyoufromcryingwhenyoucutuponions:

?Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.Thewaterwillwashawaythechemicalsbeforetheycanreachyoureyes.

?Useafantoblowairovertheonionasyoucutit.Theairwillblowthechemicalsawayfromyoureyes.

?Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.Thishelpsmakethechemicalsintheonionmoveslowly,

sotheymaynoteverreachyoureyes.

Ifyoutryoutthesegoodideasandstillcrywhilecuttingonions,don'tworry.Scientiststhinkifyoucutmore

onions,yourbodywillbecomemoreresilienttotheonion'schemicals.Sothetearswillnotlastlong.Ifyouthink

abouthowhealthyonionsare,youmightevencallthosetears"happytears”.

1.Whycanonionshelpyoufightoffsickness?

A.Becausetheyhavedifferentcolors.B.Becausetheyhavemanyusesincooking.

C.Becausetheyhavegreattaste.D.Becausetheyhavespecialchemicals.

2.Whydoyoureyesmaketearswhenyoucutonions?

A.Toimprovephysicalcondition.B.Topreventcommondiseases.

C.Towashawayirritatingchemicals.D.Tocauseterriblepain.

3.Whatcanyoudotostopcryingaccordingtothetext?

①Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.

（2）Useafantoblowairovertheonionwhilecutting.

（3）Covertheonionwithapieceofclothasyoucutit.

（4）Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.

A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④

4.Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanyouprobablyreadthetext?

A.LifeandHealth.B.LanguageandCulture.

C.BusinessWorld.D.NationalNews.

02

（2022上?四川遂寧?九年級統(tǒng)考期末）It'ssaidthatChinauses45billionpairsofchopsticksayear.Here's

someinformationaboutchopstick'shistory.

Chopstickshavealonghistoryofmorethan3,000yearsinChina.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksisasearly

astheShangDynasty（1600-1046BC）.AccordingtoanarticleaboutChinesehistory,theemperoroftheShang

Dynasty（商朝）usedchopsticksmadeofivory.

Legends（傳說）abouthowchopstickswereinvented

▲OneisaboutJiangZiya.Hewastoldbyabirdtousebamboostickstopickupmeat.Whensmokecamefrom

bamboosticks,hefoundoutthathiswifewantedtousepoisonous（有毒的）foodtokillhim.

▲AnotherisaboutDaJi.SheusedtopleaseEmperorZhoubypickinguphotmeatwithhairsticks.

▲ThethirdoneisaboutDaYu.Heinventedwoodenchopstickstopickuphotfoodtosavetimeoverthemeal

whilepreparingforfloodcontrolwork（控制洪水）.

Materialsofchopsticks

?Bamboohasbeenthemostpopularmaterialusedforchopsticksbecauseitisnotexpensive,easy-to-get,

resistant（有抵抗力的）toheat,andhasnoterribleodorortaste.

?Wood:Cedar,sandalwood,teakandpinehavealsobeenused.

?Jade（玉、翡翠）andmetal:Inthepast,thewealthypeoplehadchopsticksmadeofjade.Peoplealsousedsome

metalssuchasgoldandsilvertomakechopsticks.

?Porcelain（瓷器）andplastic:Thesetwomaterialsareusedinmoderntimesbecauseofthedevelopmentof

technology.

5.Howmanylegendsarementioned（被提至U）inthepassage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.

6.WhowantedtokillJiangZiyaaccordingtothepassage?

A.DaJi.B.DaYu.C.Theemperor.D.Hiswife.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"odor"probablymeaninChinese?

A.硬度B.觸覺C.氣味D.視覺

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhybambooisusedtomakechopsticks?

A.Bambooisresistanttoheat.B.Bamboogrowsfasteverywhere.

C.Bambooisnotexpensivetoget.D.Bamboodoesn'ttasteterrible.

9.Whafsthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Totellussomelegendsofusingchopsticks.

B.Toexplainwhychopsticksarepopular.

C.Totellushowtousechopstickstoeatmeals.

D.Totellussomeinformationaboutchopsticks.

03

（2022上?安徽六安?九年級統(tǒng)考期末）Weallknowthestrangefeelingofwatchingthetimechangeonaclock.

Youneverseeitchangebecausethehandsmovesoslowly.Butofcourse,thetimeischangingallthetime.

Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplacetooslowlytobe

noticed.Overmanythousandsofyears,though,hugechangesarepossible.Forexample,thehumanbraintripled（三

倍）insizeandbegantothinkmore.Ourfacesbecameflatter（平坦的）.

Ifourheadsbecamelargerinthepast,howwillthingschangeinthefuture?Unlikethechangesofaclockface,

thechangesinhumanfacesareverydifficulttopredict（預測）.Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthewayinwhich

wecannowcontrolpartsofnature.Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago,allchangeswerenatural,butnowwecan

activelychoosewaysforourownevolution（進化）.

Justafewhundredyearsago,mosthumanswereworkinginthefields,whereasnowadaysmoreandmorepeople

receiveeducation.Thesearejustpredictions,andnoonecanbesurehowhumanbeingswillbecomeinthefuture.

Butwithsuchhugechangesinourenvironment,itseemslikelythatwewilllookverydifferentinthefuture.

10.Thechangesofhumanarehardlynoticedbecause.

A.humanfacesneverchangeB.thehumanbrainbecomesbigger

C.thechangestakeplacetooslowlyD.weneverthinkaboutthechanges

11.Thethirdparagraphtellsus.

A.humanfacescan'tbecontrolledbyus

B.humanfacesusedtobechangedbynature

C.itiseasytopredictthechangesinhumanchanges

D.humancan'tchangethesizeofthebraininthefuture

12.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A.thepredictionswillsurelybetrueB.peopleinthepastlikedtobeeducated

C.futurehumansmusthavelargerheadsD.humanswillnotlookthesameastoday

04

（2022上?浙江寧波?九年級統(tǒng)考期末）InthestorySnowWhite,thejealousqueendecidestogetridofSnow

Whiteonceandforallwithanappledippedindeadlypoison（毒藥）.Thankstosomehelpfuldwarfsandahandsome

prince,SnowWhiterecovers（'恢復）.Butthequeendidn'tneedtogotoallthattrouble.Infact,apples,alongwith

manycommonfruitsweeatarealreadypoisonous!Butdon'tworry-itwon'tharmyou.Ifsonlytheseedsyouneed

toavoid.

AppletreesbelongtoaplantfamilycalledPrunus（薔薇科樹）.Thisgroupalsoincludespeaches,cherriesand

soon.Theseedsandpits（果核）ofallthesefruitscontainachemicalcalledamygdalin（苦杏仁昔）.Insideananimal's

stomach,amygdalinturnsintoastrongpoisoncalledcyanide（氧化物）.Andcyanidecanmakepeopleandanimals

verysick,orevenkillthem.

Still,don'tworryifyouaccidentallyswallowafewappleseeds.Eachseedhasonlyaverytinyamountofpoison.

You'dhavetoeatalargebowlfulofseedstofeelanyeffect.Andyou'dneedtochewthemwell-thehard,shiny

shellsofappleseedskeepthepoisonlockedinside.Unchewedseedsusuallypassrightthroughandcomeoutwhole

inyourpoop（糞便）.Butcowsandotheranimalsoftenchewupseedsalongwiththefruit,sotheycangetsickfrom

eatingapplesandplumsthatfalltotheground.

Whywouldatreemakepoisonedseeds?Tostopanimalsfromnibblingonthem!Amygdalintastesterrible.Ifs

alsofoundinleavesandotherpartsoffruittrees.Ifadeerorcowchewsonappleleaves,itgetsanastytasteandan

upsetstomach.Animalssoonlearntoleavethosetreesalone.Thanks,amygdalin!

13.WhydoesthewritermentionthestoryofSnowWhiteinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toamusethereaders.B.Toprovideanexample.

C.Toexpressanopinion.D.Toleadintothetopic.

14.Accordingtothepassage,amygdaliniscontainedin_____.

A

A.AB.BC.CD.D

15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nibble“meaninparagraphfour?

A.polluteB.touchC.breakD.eat

16.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

A.Atreemakespoisonedseedstoprotectitself.

B.There9stinyamountofpoisonineachappleseed.

C.It'snotharmfulforanimalstochewupseedswithfruit.

D.It'sjustOKtoswallowseveralseedswithoutchewingup.

（2023上?浙江溫州?九年級校考競賽）

Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,ascientistnamedJ.P.

Guilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle（九,點謎題）.Heaskedthe

participants（參與者）toconnectallninedotsusingonlyfourstraightlines,withoutliftingtheirpencilsfromthepage.

Alltheparticipantslookedforsolutionswithinthesquaretheyimagined.Only20percentmanagedtobreakoutof

thesquareandcontinuetheirlinesinthewhitespacearoundthedots,whiletherestofthemwereblindedbythe

boundaries（邊界）ofthesquare.

TheresultsofGuilford'sstudyledhimtoaconclusion:creativityneedsyoutogooutsidethebox.Theideawas

widelyspreadsoon.Overnight,itseemedthatcreativityexpertseverywherewereteachingmanagershowtothink

outsidethebox.Theideawassopopularthatnoonethoughtofcheckingthefacts.Noone,thatis,beforetwodifferent

researchteams-ClarkeBurmhamwithKennethDavis,andJosephAlbawithRobertWeisberg-didanother

experiment.

TomakesurethatGuilford^studyiscorrect,bothteamsdividedparticipantsintotwogroups.Thefirstgroup

wasgiventhesameinstructionsastheparticipantsinGuilford'sexperiment.Thesecondgroupwastoldtodrawthe

linesoutsidetheimaginedbox.Guesswhat?Onlyalittlemorethan20percentsolvedthepuzzle,whichisnobig

differencefromtheresultofGuilford^experiment.

Lefslookalittlemorecloselyatthesurprisingresult.Solvingthisproblemrequirespeopletothinkoutsidethe

box.However,directandclearinstructionsto"thinkoutsidethebox“donothelpparticipantsimprovetheir

performance.Thewidelyspreadideathatout-of-the-boxthinkingmakespeoplemorecreativecan,insomeway,be

dangerous.Afterall,withonesimplebutbrilliantexperiment,researchershadprovedthattheconnectionbetween

thinkingoutsidetheboxandcreativitywasamisunderstanding.

17.Thenine-dotpuzzlestudyismainlyfocusedon.

A.howpeopledothingsinreallifeB.whatpeopleseeintheexperiment

C.howpeoplethinkindifferentwaysD.whatknowledgepeoplehavelearned

18.Whydidthetworesearchteamsdothefollowingexperiment?

A.TodiscoverthemainideaofGuifbrd'sstudy.B.ToshowdifferentviewsagainstGuifdrd'sstudy.

C.TocollectsupportingdetailsforGuifbrd'sstudy.D.Todouble-checkthecorrectnessofGuifbrd'sstudy.

19.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.boundariessometimesmakepeoplethinklesscreatively

B.clearinstructionsinfluencehowpeoplesolveproblems

C.fewpeopleperformedbetterwiththeclearinstructions

D.themethodsofnine-dotpuzzlestudyneedtobeimproved

20.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Puz力eSolving:AKeyToCreativityB.Nine-DotPuzzle:AMagicTest

C.ThinkingOutsidetheBox:AMisleadingIdeaD.CreativeThinking:AnUnusualTopic

06

（2023上?浙江溫州?九年級校聯(lián)考階段練習）

①Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcan

theylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydo

agreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonesty

oftenhelpsthemsurvive.

②Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheplover

sometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredatorgetsclosetoitsnest,theploverleads

thepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,

leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.

③Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealso

thieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefis

watchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.

?Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmake

nests.Buttheygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscome

out,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.

?Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.

Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosing

chimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.

?Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnatural

forthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfind

food.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.

@Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying“Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,

either.

21.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby.

A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredator

C.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtohaveawound

22.By'"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky”（Paragraph?）,theauthormeans.

A.chimpsarealwayshonestB.chimpsaresometimesdishonest

C.chimpsarereadytofightothersD.chimpscanbeselfish

23.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.

B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.

C.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.

D.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.

24.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?B.Doanimalslie?

C.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?D.Howdoanimalslearntolie?

07

（2022上?ill東煙臺?九年級統(tǒng)考期末）Thesedays,wearingafacemask（口罩）isacommonthingtodo,and

ithelpspreventdiseasesduringCOVID-19.However,thatalsomeanssingle-usefacemasks,gloves,andotherPPE

arethenewestformsofrubbishoncitystreets,beaches,andintheocean.

Thisisbadforall,andtherearemanyreasons.Andoneoftheworstonesisthatthelitteredfacemaskscan

seriouslyhurtanimals.AshleyFruno,amemberofananimalrightsgroupsaid,“Facemasksaren'tgoingawaysoon.”

Sowhenwethrowthemaway,theycanbebadfortheenvironmentandtheanimalsthatliveonthesameplanetas

us.

Monkeyshavebeenfoundbitingthestraps（帶子）ofusedmasksinthehillsoutsideMalaysia'scapitalKuala

Lumpur.Thismaymakethemlosetheirbreathorevendie.InBritain,aseabird'slegshavebeenfoundtangled（纏

?。﹊nthestrapsofamaskforuptoaweek.Itwasapainfulexperiencefortheseabird.

Ifshardtobelievethatfacemasksthatoncesavedpeople'slivesarenowkillingwildanimals.Alargenumber

offacemasksaremovingtothelivingplacesofanimals.Ifyouwearasingle-usefacemask,makesureofthrowing

itawayproperly.Neverlitteritontheground,orthrowitawayoutside,asthewindcouldblowitaway.

Pleasedon'tletthemasksbecomeanight-mareforwildlife.Thankyoufordoingyourparttokeepallanimals

safe!

25.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothenewestformsofrubbishaccordingtothepassage?

?single-usefacemasks②single-usegloves

③single-useplastics?single-usecups

A.①③B.①④C.②③D.①②

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?

A.Peoplewillstopwearingfacemasksinrecentyears.

B.Facemaskscanbeblowntoafarplaceinashorttime.

C.Facemaskscanbemadeintootherthingssoon.

D.Ittakesalongtimeforfacemaskstodisappear.

27.Howdoesthewritershowtheharmoflitteredfacemasksonanimals?

A.Bygivingreasons.B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byaskingquestions.

28.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassage?

A.Animalsliketoplaywithmasks.

B.Facemasksareonlybadforanimals.

C.Facemaskscanbeburiedundertheground.

D.Whetherfacemasksaregoodornotdependsonhowpeopledealwiththem.

29.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?

A.Inastorybook.B.Inatravelguide.

C.Inasportsnewspaper.D.Inanenvironmentalmagazine.

08

（2022上?安徽六安?九年級統(tǒng)考期末）Canplantstalk?Modemresearchhasfoundsomethingamazing:they

do30witheachother.

Ithasbeenknownthatplantsusechemicals（化學物質(zhì)）tocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappens31

aplantgetsattacked（攻擊）byinsects.Theplant32chemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisis

likeawarning,oracallforhelp.Whenanotherplantgetsthechemicals,itstartstogiveoutitsownchemicals.Some

ofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattract（吸弓I）the33.Thebeeskilltheinsects.

More34,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanconnectnearlyevery35

inaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.Thewoodwidewebconnectsdifferentplantstoeach

other.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscan36informationandevenfoodwitheachother.However,some

plantsmayuseitto37chemicalstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreate

a"firewall“tohelp38theseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.

Scientistsarestudyingtolearnmoreaboutthesecret39plantstalktoeachother.Maybeonedaywe

willknowenoughabouttheircommunicationsothatweareableto"talk"withthemourselves.

30.A.agreeB.fightC.communicateD.grow

31.A.andB.whenC.orD.so

32.A.givesupB.givesinC.givesoutD.givesaway

33.A.beesB.rabbitsC.bearsD.lions

34.A.heavilyB.smoothlyC.usuallyD.surprisingly

35.A.animalB.plantC.woodD.flower

36.A.searchB.receiveC.shareD.collect

37.A.spreadB.sellC.storeD.trade

38.A.startB.planC.leadD.stop

39.A.voicesB.wordsC.waysD.languages

09

(2022上.山東淄博.九年級統(tǒng)考期末)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括

號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

InWesterncountries,peopleareusedtodrinkingcoldwaterwhenthey're40(thirst).Andtheyalways

receiveaglassofcoldwateralongsidetheirmealsatarestaurant.41inChinawewouldgetacupofsteaming

hotwaterorteainstead.Wedrinkhotwaterinfour42(season),nomatterwhattheweatherislike.Ifssaid

thatChinesepeople43(drink)hotwatersincethousandsofyearsago.Beforethe44(twenty)century

drinkinghotwaterwasthemaintreatment,especiallyduringwars.Anddrinkingraw(生的)waterwasasymbol

45lowsocialstatus(地位).Thescholarsandrichpeoplealwaysdranktea.Later,teabecamearare(稀有的)

productafteryearsofwar,sothey46(natural)gotintothehabitofdrinkingboiledwater.

AccordingtoChinesemedicine,ourbodyhastwosourcesofenergy-YinandYang.IfYangbecomestoostrong,

ourbodytemperaturewillgoup.Wefeel47(comfortable)andmaygetillnesses.Therefore,wehavetoreturn

ourbodytobalance.HotwaterisaYinbeverage,sowhenwe'resick,peoplearounduswilltellustodrinkalotof

hotwater.Inwinter,itisknowntobegoodtodrinkhotdrinksjust48(avoid)catchingcold.

SoifaforeignerinChinaasksforwater,there?sagoodchancethatheorshewill49(give)acupofhot

water.

參考答案：

1.D2.C3.B4.A

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了洋蔥的用途和營養(yǎng)價值，也提供了幾種切洋蔥不流淚的方法。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Theyhavespecialchemicals(化學物質(zhì))thatimproveyourabilitytofightoffsicknessand

youhavefewerchancesofgettingadisease.”可知，洋蔥能幫你戰(zhàn)勝疾病是因為它們含有特別的化學物質(zhì)。故

選D。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Whenyoucutintoanonion,irritatingchemicalsinsidetheonionwillgetintotheair.They

touchyourwholeevesandcausepain.Youreyesmaketearstowashawaythechemicalsandprotectyoureyes.“可

知，當你切洋蔥時，洋蔥內(nèi)部的刺激性化學物質(zhì)會進入空氣中。它們會觸摸你的整個眼睛，引起疼痛。你

的眼睛會分泌眼淚來洗掉化學物質(zhì)，保護你的眼睛。故選C。

3.細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“?Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.?Useafantoblowairovertheonionasyoucutit.

?Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.”可知，可以在流水下切洋蔥；切洋蔥時，可以用電風扇

在上面吹氣；也可以把洋蔥放在冰箱里一小時后再切。故選項①②④符合題意，故選B。

4.推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了洋蔥的用途和營養(yǎng)價值，也提供了幾種切洋蔥不流淚的方法。由此可推

測出，我們可以在雜志的生活與健康欄看到這篇文章。故選A。

5.A6.D7.C8.B9.D

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了筷子的歷史以及和筷子的發(fā)明有關的三個傳說，還介紹了制造筷

子的多種材料。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"OneisaboutJiangZiya.","AnotherisaboutDaJi."和"ThethirdoneisaboutDaYu.“可

知，文中一共提到了三個有關于筷子的傳說。故選A。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Whensmokecamefrombamboosticks,hefoundoutthathiswifewantedtouse

poisonous(有毒的)foodtokillhim”可知，想殺姜子牙的人是他的妻子。故選D。

7.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“…ortaste”可知，空處的單詞和taste“味道”是并列關系，由此可推知。dor的含義是

“氣味”。故選C。

8.細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“Bamboohasbeenthemostpopularmaterialusedforchopsticksbecauseitisinexpensive,

easy-to-get,resistant（有抵抗力的）toheat,andhasnoterribleodorortaste.“可知，竹子用來做筷子的原因

有：價格便宜、易獲得、耐熱，并且沒有糟糕的氣味或味道。選項B“竹子長得很快”不是用來做筷子的原

因。故選B。

9.推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了筷子的歷史以及和筷子的發(fā)明有關的三個傳說，還介紹了制造筷子的多

種材料。因此可推知本文的寫作目的是給我們介紹一些和筷子有關的信息。故選D。

10.C11.B12.D

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了人類進化過程中臉部的變化。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplace

tooslowlytobenoticed.”可知，人臉，就像鐘面一樣，也在變化，像時鐘一樣，這些變化發(fā)生得太慢以至于

無法被注意到，即因為人臉變化的太慢，所以變化幾乎沒有被注意到。故選C。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthewayinwhichwecannowcontrolpartsofnature.

Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago,allchangeswerenatural,butnowwecanactivelychoosewaysforourown

evolution."可知，數(shù)十萬年前，所有的變化都是自然的，可推測人臉過去是自然變化的。故選B。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Butwithsuchhugechangesinourenvironment,itseemslikelythatwewilllookvery

differentinthefixture.”可知，隨著我們的環(huán)境發(fā)生巨大的變化，人類看起來會和現(xiàn)在不一樣。故選D。

13.D14.B15.D16.C

【導語】本文主要通過《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的蘋果的話題。

13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Infact,apples,alongwithmanycommonfruitsweeatarealreadypoisonous!”可知這里

通過白雪公主的故事，來引出蘋果有毒的話題。故選D。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theseedsandpits（果核）ofallthesefruitscontainachemicalcalledamygdalin（苦杏仁

昔）.”可知苦杏仁昔存在于薔薇科樹的種子和果核中。因此圖中果核部分含有苦杏仁甘。故選B。

15.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)"Amygdalintastesterrible.Ifsalsofoundinleavesandotherpartsoffruittrees.Ifadeer

orcowchewsonappleleaves,itgetsanastytasteandanupsetstomach.^^o可知植物含有苦杏仁昔是為了防止

動物吃掉它們，因此劃線單詞的意思是吃。故選D

16.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Butcowsandotheranimalsoftenchewupseedsalongwiththefruit,sotheycangetsick

fromeatingapplesandplumsthatfalltotheground.”可知如果動物吃了果核和種子會生病。因此C選項是不

正確的。故選C。

17.C18.D19.C20.C

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了20世紀70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理學家進行了

一項著名的關于創(chuàng)造力的研究，名為“九點謎題”，這讓Guilford得出了一個籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論：創(chuàng)造力需要你跳

出框框。但是后來有人通過研究證明這個結(jié)論是一個誤導。

17.細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,a

scientistnamedJ.P.Guilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle（九點

謎題”'可知，“九點謎題”這項研究主要關注的是人們是如何用不同的方法思考的，故選Co

18.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"TomakesurethatGuilford'sstudyiscorrect,bothteamsdividedparticipantsintotwo

groups.”可知，這兩支研究隊做實驗的目的是為了再次驗證Guiford研究的正確性，故選D。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Thesecondgroupwastoldtodrawthelinesoutsidetheimaginedbox.Guesswhat?Only

alittlemoret