汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

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前??言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定起

草。

本文件由全國(guó)汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC114）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國(guó)汽車技術(shù)研究中心有限公司等

本文件主要起草人：

I

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汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

1范圍

本文件給出了汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義。

本文件適用于M和N類汽車。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

本文件沒(méi)有規(guī)范性引用文件。

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

3.1汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)

3.1.1汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)坐標(biāo)系

3.1.1.1

汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)坐標(biāo)系vehicleaerodynamicaxessystem

汽車制造廠在最初設(shè)計(jì)階段確定的三個(gè)正交平面組成的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng),坐標(biāo)系原點(diǎn)位于汽車軸距中心線

和輪距中心線在地面上投影的交點(diǎn)，如圖1所示，這三個(gè)基準(zhǔn)平面是：

Y基準(zhǔn)平面：汽車縱向?qū)ΨQ平面；

X基準(zhǔn)平面：垂直于Y基準(zhǔn)平面的鉛垂平面；

Z基準(zhǔn)平面：垂直于Y和X基準(zhǔn)平面的水平面。

坐標(biāo)軸方向，以駕駛員視角定義為：

X軸方向：正后方；

Y軸方向：正右方；

Z軸方向：正上方。

圖1汽車坐標(biāo)系定義示意圖

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3.1.1.2

汽車解析中心vehicleresolvingcenter

汽車縱向?qū)ΨQ面上，軸距中點(diǎn)在地面上的投影點(diǎn)（汽車中截面與前后軸中心線在地面上投影的交

點(diǎn)）。

3.1.2汽車參數(shù)

3.1.2.1

汽車長(zhǎng)度vehiclelength

在X方向上汽車前后最外端點(diǎn)之間的距離。

3.1.2.2

汽車寬度vehiclewidth

在Y方向上汽車兩側(cè)固定突出部位（不包括后視鏡、側(cè)面標(biāo)志燈、示位燈、轉(zhuǎn)向指示燈、撓性擋泥

板、折疊式踏板、防滑鏈以及輪胎與地面接觸變形部分）最外側(cè)點(diǎn)的距離。

3.1.2.3

汽車高度vehicleheight

在Z方向上汽車最高點(diǎn)與地面之間的距離。

3.1.2.4

特征長(zhǎng)度characteristiclength

LC

表征流動(dòng)特征尺度的量：兩軸汽車特征長(zhǎng)度為軸距，兩軸以上汽車特征長(zhǎng)度為車長(zhǎng)。

3.1.2.5

汽車正投影面積frontalarea

A

汽車沿X方向在Y-Z平面上的投影面積。

3.1.2.6

前輪眉高度f(wàn)rontwheelarchheight

Hfw

汽車水平放置時(shí)，通過(guò)前車輪中心點(diǎn)且垂直于地面的截面和輪眉線的交點(diǎn)與地面垂直距離。

圖2汽車輪眉高度示意圖

3.1.2.7

后輪眉高度rearwheelarchheight

Hrw

汽車水平放置時(shí)，通過(guò)后車輪中心點(diǎn)且垂直于地面的截面和輪眉線的交點(diǎn)與地面垂直距離。

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3.1.2.8

汽車軸距wheelbase

WB

通過(guò)汽車同一側(cè)面相鄰兩車輪中心，并垂直于汽車縱向?qū)ΨQ平面的兩垂線之間的距離。

3.1.2.9

橫擺角yawangle

車身X軸和自由流速度矢量（）之間的角度在X-Y平面上的投影,橫擺角方向定義為：按照右手定

V

則，以Z軸為旋轉(zhuǎn)軸，右手拇指指向Z軸負(fù)向，四指所指的方向?yàn)檎?，反之則為負(fù)向。

3.1.2.10

俯仰角pitchangle

車身縱軸（X方向）和地面之間的角度,俯仰角方向定義為：按照右手定則，以Y軸為旋轉(zhuǎn)軸，右手

拇指指向Y軸正向，四指所指的方向?yàn)檎颍粗畡t為負(fù)向。

3.1.2.11

側(cè)傾角rollangle

車身橫軸（Y方向）和地面之間的角度,側(cè)向角方向定義為：按照右手定則，以X軸為旋轉(zhuǎn)軸，右手

拇指指向X軸負(fù)方向，四指所指的方向?yàn)檎?；反之則為負(fù)向。

圖3汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)坐標(biāo)系示意圖

3.1.2.12

比例系數(shù)scalefactor

汽車模型與整車的尺寸比值。

3.1.2.13

汽車速度vehiclevelocity

V

汽車速度矢量在X方向上的分量，如圖4。

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圖4汽車速度定義圖

3.1.2.14

汽車壓力中心pressurecenter

汽車氣動(dòng)合力矩為零的點(diǎn)（氣動(dòng)合力的作用點(diǎn)）。

3.1.3氣流參數(shù)

3.1.3.1

空氣密度airdensity

在一定溫度和壓力下，單位體積空氣所具有的質(zhì)量。

3.1.3.2

空氣動(dòng)力粘度airviscosity

表征空氣黏性的物理量，是分子自由層碰撞抵抗剪切變形的能力。

注：在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣條件下，1.8123105NS/m2

3.1.3.3

空氣運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度airkinematicviscosity

空氣的動(dòng)力粘度與密度之比。

3.1.3.4

空氣壓強(qiáng)airpressure

P

空氣垂直作用在空氣微團(tuán)表面或物體表面單位面積上的力。

3.1.3.5

動(dòng)壓dynamicpressure

q

流體顆粒每單位體積的動(dòng)能。

2

q1/2V

3.1.3.6

局部靜壓localstaticpressure

自由流中局部承受的靜壓力。

3.1.3.7

自由流靜壓力free-streamstaticpressure

p

自由流中任一點(diǎn)承受的壓力。

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3.1.3.8

壓力系數(shù)pressurecoefficient

Cp

描述流體動(dòng)力學(xué)中遍布整個(gè)流場(chǎng)相對(duì)壓力的無(wú)量綱量。

Cp(pp)/q

3.1.3.9

駐點(diǎn)stagnationpoint

汽車表面上氣流相對(duì)速度滯止到零的點(diǎn)。

3.1.3.10

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣條件standarddayconditions

統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的大氣條件，具體規(guī)定如下：

——大氣壓力：p0=100kPa，除非法規(guī)另有規(guī)定；

——大氣溫度：T0=293K，除非法規(guī)另有規(guī)定；

——干空氣密度：=1.189kg/m3，除非法規(guī)另有規(guī)定；

——風(fēng)速：0m/s。0

ρ

3.1.3.11

環(huán)境風(fēng)速矢量windvelocity

Vw

環(huán)境氣流在X-Y平面上的速度矢量，環(huán)境氣流流速大小以表示。

Vw

3.1.3.12

迎風(fēng)角度windangle

環(huán)境風(fēng)速矢量（）與X軸之間的夾角（圖3）。

Vw

3.1.3.13

自由流速度f(wàn)ree-streamspeed

V

相對(duì)于汽車速度矢量的風(fēng)速矢量的大小（風(fēng)速矢量與車速矢量的矢量差的模）。

VVWV

3.1.3.14

湍流turbulentflow

流體質(zhì)點(diǎn)互相摻混，其局部壓力、速度等在時(shí)間和空間上有復(fù)雜的、無(wú)規(guī)則的隨機(jī)脈動(dòng)的非定常流

動(dòng)。

3.1.3.15

湍流度turbulenceintensity

度量氣流速度脈動(dòng)程度的一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通常用脈動(dòng)速度均方和與時(shí)均速度之比來(lái)表示脈動(dòng)的大小。

1222

（）

xyz

3VVV

V

式中：，，分別為沿X,Y,Z方向的脈動(dòng)速度分量，為時(shí)均速度，即

VxVyVzV

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222

VVxVyVz

3.1.3.16

分離流separatedflow

流體黏性阻滯使層內(nèi)近壁流體沿流動(dòng)方向不斷減速，在一定逆壓梯度下，外部流動(dòng)仍繼續(xù)保持原來(lái)

方向，但近壁流體則逐漸減速到零，進(jìn)一步形成倒流，使流動(dòng)脫離壁面。

3.1.3.17

邊界層boundarylayer

流體繞固體流動(dòng)時(shí)，在壁面附近形成的黏性流體薄層。

3.1.3.18

邊界層厚度boudarylayerconditions

高于一個(gè)表面的高度，局部速度u(z)達(dá)到自由流速度()的99%時(shí)的邊界高度。

V

3.1.3.19

邊界層位移厚度displacementthickness

*

由于流體粘性阻滯而形成的邊界層把層外主流從壁面向外推移的距離。

（）

*01-u(z)/Vdz

3.1.3.20

邊界層動(dòng)量厚度momentumthickness

在邊界層內(nèi)流動(dòng)因粘性阻滯而損失動(dòng)量，按層外主流速度計(jì)算時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)量所占的厚度成為動(dòng)量厚

度。

0uZ/V(1u(Z)/V)dz

3.1.3.21

單位長(zhǎng)度上的雷諾數(shù)reynoldsnumberperunitlength

Re/Lc

Re/LcV/

3.1.3.22

雷諾數(shù)reynoldsnumber

Re

用來(lái)表征流體慣性力和粘性力相對(duì)大小的一個(gè)無(wú)量綱相似參數(shù)。

ReVWB/

3.1.4汽車的空氣動(dòng)力及力矩

3.1.4.1

阻力drag

D

氣動(dòng)力沿X軸方向的分量，正方向?yàn)閄軸的正向。（FXD）

3.1.4.2

升力lift

L

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氣動(dòng)力沿Z軸方向的分量，正方向?yàn)閆軸的正向。（FZL）

3.1.4.3

側(cè)向力sideforce

S

氣動(dòng)力沿Y軸方向的分量，正方向?yàn)閅軸的正向。（FYS）

3.1.4.4

橫擺力矩yawingmoment

YM

繞Z軸的氣動(dòng)力矩,橫擺力矩方向定義為：按照右手定則，以Z軸為旋轉(zhuǎn)軸，右手拇指指向Z軸負(fù)向，

四指所指的方向?yàn)檎?，反之則為負(fù)向。（MZYM）

3.1.4.5

側(cè)傾力矩rollingmoment

RM

繞X軸的氣動(dòng)力矩,橫擺力矩方向定義為：按照右手定則，以X軸為旋轉(zhuǎn)軸，右手拇指指向X軸負(fù)向，

四指所指的方向?yàn)檎颍粗畡t為負(fù)向。（MXRM)

3.1.4.6

俯仰力矩pitchingmoment

PM

繞Y軸的氣動(dòng)力矩,俯仰力矩方向定義為：按照右手定則，以Y軸為旋轉(zhuǎn)軸，右手拇指指向Y軸負(fù)向，

四指所指的方向?yàn)檎?，反之則為負(fù)向。（MYPM）

3.1.4.7

前軸升力frontlift

LF

升力作用在前軸上的分量。（LFL/2PM/WB）

3.1.4.8

后軸升力rearlift

LR

升力作用在后軸上的分量。（LRL/2PM/WB）

3.1.4.9

前軸側(cè)向力frontsideforce

SF

側(cè)向力作用在前軸上的分量。（SFS/2YM/WB）

3.1.4.10

后軸側(cè)向力rearsideforce

SR

側(cè)向力作用在后軸上的分量。（SRS/2YM/WB）

3.1.5汽車的空氣動(dòng)力和力矩系數(shù)

3.1.5.1

阻力系數(shù)dragcoefficient

Cd

用于表征汽車阻力的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)，其值為汽車所受到的阻力與氣流動(dòng)壓和正投影面積之比。

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CdD/(qA)

阻力系數(shù)變化量用表示，絕對(duì)值每0.001為。

CdCd

3.1.5.21count

升力系數(shù)liftcoefficient

Cl

用于表征汽車升力的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)，其值為汽車所受到的升力與氣流動(dòng)壓和正投影面積之比。

ClL/(qA)

3.1.5.3

側(cè)向力系數(shù)sideforcecoefficien

Cs

用于表征汽車側(cè)向力的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)，其值為汽車所受到的側(cè)向力與氣流動(dòng)壓和正投影面積之比。

CsS/(qA)

3.1.5.4

升阻比liftdragratio

升力系數(shù)Cl與阻力系數(shù)Cd之比值。

3.1.5.5

俯仰力矩系數(shù)pitchingmomentcoefficient

CPM

氣動(dòng)合力矩在汽車坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)繞軸的分量，用于表征汽車俯仰力矩的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)。

CPM/(qAWB)

YPM

3.1.5.6

橫擺力矩系數(shù)yawingmomentcoefficient

CYM

氣動(dòng)合力矩在汽車坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)繞Z軸的分量，用于表征汽車橫擺力矩的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)。

CYMYM/(qAWB)

3.1.5.7

側(cè)傾力矩系數(shù)rollingmomentcoefficient

CRM

氣動(dòng)合力矩在汽車坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)繞X軸的分量，用于表征汽車側(cè)傾力矩的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)。

CRMRM/(qAWB)

3.1.5.8

前軸升力系數(shù)frontliftcoefficient

CLF

用于表征汽車前軸升力的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)。

CLFCl/2CPM

3.1.5.9

后軸升力系數(shù)rearliftcoefficient

CLR

用于表征汽車后軸升力的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)。

CLRCl/2CPM

3.1.5.10

前側(cè)向力系數(shù)frontsideforcecoefficient

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CSF

用于表征汽車前軸側(cè)向力的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)。

CSFCs/2CYM

3.1.5.11

后側(cè)向力系數(shù)rearsideforcecoefficient

CSR

用于表征汽車后軸側(cè)向力的無(wú)量綱系數(shù)。

CSRCs/2CYM

兩軸以上汽車的力矩系數(shù)應(yīng)基于長(zhǎng)度參數(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不是軸距。在這種情況下應(yīng)該指明長(zhǎng)度

參數(shù)的值。

,

3.2空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)

3.2.1風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)

3.2.1.1風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)設(shè)備

3.2.1.1.1

地面系統(tǒng)rollingroadsystem

風(fēng)洞地面上，通過(guò)安裝從汽車前方延伸至汽車后方的可移動(dòng)平帶，對(duì)地面效應(yīng)進(jìn)行模擬。

3.2.1.1.2

單帶地面系統(tǒng)singlebeltrollingroadsystem

包含一條移動(dòng)帶的地面模擬系統(tǒng)。

3.2.1.1.3

三帶地面系統(tǒng)threebeltrollingroadsystem

包含一條長(zhǎng)的中央帶和兩個(gè)邊帶的地面模擬系統(tǒng)。

3.2.1.1.4

五帶地面系統(tǒng)fivebeltrollingroadsystem

包含一條長(zhǎng)的中央帶和中央帶兩邊四條驅(qū)動(dòng)單元小帶的地面模擬系統(tǒng)。

3.2.1.1.5

邊界層控制系統(tǒng)boundarylayercontrolsystem

通過(guò)抽吸或切向補(bǔ)充氣流的方式移除地面邊界層，模擬汽車在實(shí)際道路行駛狀態(tài)的控制系統(tǒng)。

3.2.1.2風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)技術(shù)

3.2.1.2.1

汽車風(fēng)洞automotivewindtunnel

按一定要求建造的管道狀試驗(yàn)設(shè)備，利用動(dòng)力裝置等設(shè)備在管道中產(chǎn)生可調(diào)節(jié)氣流，使試驗(yàn)段能模

擬或基本模擬大氣流場(chǎng)的狀態(tài)，供汽車進(jìn)行空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)。

3.2.1.2.2

回流型風(fēng)洞windtunnelwithclosedreturn

通過(guò)試驗(yàn)段的氣流經(jīng)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)可以再返回試驗(yàn)段，能回收氣流能量的風(fēng)洞。

3.2.1.2.3

直流型風(fēng)洞windtunnelwithopenreturn

通過(guò)試驗(yàn)段的氣流排至外部，不能回收氣流能量的風(fēng)洞。

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3.2.1.2.4

阻塞效應(yīng)blockage

風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中，由于洞壁的存在，限制了汽車附近的有效流場(chǎng)面積，增加了實(shí)際的自由流流速，

并使氣流的流態(tài)發(fā)生變化。

3.2.1.2.5

阻塞比blockageratio

汽車正投影面積與試驗(yàn)段噴口面積的比值。

3.2.1.2.6

水平浮力效應(yīng)horizontalbuoyancyeffect

空風(fēng)洞中，氣流流經(jīng)試驗(yàn)段時(shí)，沿軸線方向所形成的額外壓力梯度。

3.2.1.2.7

地面效應(yīng)模擬groundeffectsimulation

通過(guò)對(duì)地面的合理設(shè)計(jì)，盡可能真實(shí)地復(fù)現(xiàn)汽車底部氣流的速度分布特性。

3.2.1.2.8

雷諾相似reynoldsnumbersimilarity

縮比模型試驗(yàn)時(shí)，為保證試驗(yàn)雷諾數(shù)與實(shí)車行駛時(shí)雷諾數(shù)相等，當(dāng)模型比實(shí)車縮小一定比例時(shí)，應(yīng)

使試驗(yàn)風(fēng)速增大相應(yīng)倍數(shù)。

3.2.1.2.9

汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)流態(tài)顯示方法vehicleaerodynamicsflowvisualizationmethods

借助一些技術(shù)手段，對(duì)難以直接觀察到的流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行可視化處理。包括絲帶法、油膜法、煙流法及激

光粒子圖像測(cè)試技術(shù)（PIV）等。

3.2.1.2.10

噴口法nozzlemethod

通過(guò)測(cè)量沉降室與噴口內(nèi)側(cè)壓力差獲得風(fēng)洞風(fēng)速值的測(cè)量方法。

3.2.1.2.11

駐室法plenummethod

通過(guò)測(cè)量沉降室與噴口外側(cè)壓力差獲得風(fēng)洞風(fēng)速值的測(cè)量方法。

3.2.1.2.12

風(fēng)洞修正windtunnelcorrection

根據(jù)風(fēng)洞尺寸、流場(chǎng)質(zhì)量和測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)風(fēng)洞測(cè)量結(jié)果進(jìn)行修正，以達(dá)到風(fēng)洞測(cè)量結(jié)果接近汽車在開

放道路上的測(cè)量結(jié)果，通常包括阻力系數(shù)修正和升力系數(shù)修正。

3.2.2道路試驗(yàn)

3.2.2.1

氣動(dòng)阻力滑行試驗(yàn)法aerodynamicdragcoastdowntest

在無(wú)風(fēng)、無(wú)雨條件下，將汽車加速到一定速度，待車速穩(wěn)定后，掛空擋，讓汽車自由滑行，同時(shí)測(cè)

量并記錄滑行初速度、行駛時(shí)間和行駛距離等，直至停車為止。在同一條件下，重復(fù)進(jìn)行五次滑行試驗(yàn)，

根據(jù)汽車瞬時(shí)減速度計(jì)算出總阻力，從總阻力中減去輪胎滾動(dòng)阻力和傳動(dòng)系阻力后為氣動(dòng)阻力。

3.2.2.2

道路載荷roadload

在滑行法或等效方法測(cè)量中阻礙汽車行駛的阻力，包括傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的摩擦阻力。

3.2.2.3

滾動(dòng)阻力rollingresistance

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與汽車輪胎運(yùn)行方向相反的阻力。

3.2.2.4

風(fēng)速修正windspeedcorrection

在固定風(fēng)速測(cè)速法或車載風(fēng)速測(cè)速法中，修正風(fēng)速對(duì)道路載荷的影響。

3.2.2.5

側(cè)風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性試驗(yàn)crosswindstabilitytest

用側(cè)風(fēng)發(fā)生器模擬自然側(cè)向風(fēng)，并操縱汽車駛過(guò)側(cè)風(fēng)帶，同時(shí)測(cè)量車速、汽車偏離行駛基準(zhǔn)線的側(cè)

向位移、橫擺角速度及側(cè)向加速度等參數(shù)。

3.3空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)值計(jì)算

3.3.1

計(jì)算流體力學(xué)computationalfluiddynamics(CFD)

使用計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)值方法對(duì)流體力學(xué)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行模擬和分析的方法。

3.3.2

計(jì)算域simulationdomain

在數(shù)值模擬過(guò)程中，用于進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算的區(qū)域，其幾何邊界一般包括進(jìn)口、出口和周圍壁面。

3.3.3

流場(chǎng)進(jìn)口inlet

定義計(jì)算域進(jìn)口邊界上速度、壓力、流量或其他相關(guān)參數(shù)的一種邊界條件。

3.3.4

流場(chǎng)出口outlet

定義計(jì)算域出口邊界上速度、壓力、流量或其他相關(guān)參數(shù)的一種邊界條件。

3.3.5

加密區(qū)refinedregion

在數(shù)值模擬過(guò)程中，針對(duì)流場(chǎng)中關(guān)鍵或流動(dòng)復(fù)雜區(qū)域，進(jìn)行局部網(wǎng)格加密處理的區(qū)域。

3.3.6

旋轉(zhuǎn)邊界條件rotationalboundarycondition

定義汽車上旋轉(zhuǎn)零部件的一種邊界條件。

3.3.7

交界面interface

CFD仿真中不同介質(zhì)之間的交互界面。

3.3.8

前處理pre-processing

在數(shù)值計(jì)算前進(jìn)行的預(yù)先處理工作，包括網(wǎng)格構(gòu)造、計(jì)算條件選擇等。

3.3.9

后處理post-processing

對(duì)數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行的數(shù)據(jù)處理，包括流場(chǎng)可視化技術(shù)顯示、表格、曲線等。

3.3.10

邊界條件boundarycondition

在求解區(qū)域邊界上所求解的變量或其導(dǎo)數(shù)隨時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的變化規(guī)律。

3.3.11

計(jì)算網(wǎng)格grid（或稱mesh）

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計(jì)算網(wǎng)格的合理設(shè)計(jì)和高質(zhì)量生成是CFD計(jì)算的前提條件，是影響CFD計(jì)算結(jié)果的最主要的決定性因

素之一。按網(wǎng)格點(diǎn)之間的鄰接關(guān)系可分為結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格(structuredgrid)和非結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格(unstructured

grid)。

3.3.12

邊界層網(wǎng)格boundarylayermesh

采用壁面函數(shù)時(shí)，壁面的網(wǎng)格只需畫在壁面函數(shù)起效的區(qū)域，即對(duì)數(shù)層（其外側(cè)邊界y+約為500）。

3.3.13

迭代iteration

迭代是重復(fù)反饋過(guò)程的活動(dòng)，其目的通常是為了逼近所需目標(biāo)或結(jié)果。每一次對(duì)過(guò)程的重復(fù)稱為一

次“迭代”，而每一次迭代得到的結(jié)果會(huì)作為下一次迭代的初始值。

3.3.14

殘差residual

某一物理量?jī)纱蔚?jì)算值的差值稱之為該物理量的迭代殘差。在CFD計(jì)算中，任意物理量在不同

的計(jì)算網(wǎng)格上有不同的計(jì)算殘差。殘差分為：最大殘差、平均殘差、均方根殘差（RMS）。

3.3.15

收斂converge

在迭代計(jì)算過(guò)程中，物理量趨于某一值的情況。

3.3.16

穩(wěn)態(tài)計(jì)算steady-statesimualtion

基于流場(chǎng)中的各項(xiàng)變量不隨時(shí)間改變的前提進(jìn)行的計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果與物理時(shí)間無(wú)關(guān)。

3.3.17

瞬態(tài)計(jì)算unsteady-statesimualtion

基于流場(chǎng)中的各項(xiàng)變量隨時(shí)間發(fā)生變化的前提而進(jìn)行的計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果與物理時(shí)間相關(guān)。

3.3.18

網(wǎng)格變形meshmorph

動(dòng)網(wǎng)格中關(guān)于部件運(yùn)動(dòng)除了指定剛體運(yùn)動(dòng)外，有時(shí)還需要指定某些邊界的變形，尤其是與運(yùn)動(dòng)部件

存在相連接邊界情況下。

3.3.19

網(wǎng)格無(wú)關(guān)性gridindependence

對(duì)RANS模擬，由于引入湍流模型，當(dāng)網(wǎng)格數(shù)量達(dá)到一定密度后，其系綜平均值變化不大，繼續(xù)加密

也無(wú)法獲得更高的解，同時(shí)為了保證網(wǎng)格對(duì)流場(chǎng)具有足夠的解析度，需要做網(wǎng)格無(wú)關(guān)性驗(yàn)證。網(wǎng)格獨(dú)立

性并非表示數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果與計(jì)算網(wǎng)格數(shù)量無(wú)關(guān)，而只是在計(jì)算精度與計(jì)算網(wǎng)格數(shù)量之間的一個(gè)折衷。

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索引

漢語(yǔ)拼音索引

B

邊界層················································································································3.1.3.17

邊界層動(dòng)量厚度····································································································3.1.3.20

邊界層厚度··········································································································3.1.3.18

邊界層控制系統(tǒng)··································································································3.2.1.1.5

邊界層網(wǎng)格·············································································································3.3.12

邊界層位移厚度··································································································3.1.3.19

邊界條件···············································································································3.3.10

比例系數(shù)·············································································································3.1.2.12

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣條件·······································································································3.1.3.10

C

殘差······················································································································3.3.14

側(cè)風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性試驗(yàn)·····································································································3.2.2.5

側(cè)傾角················································································································3.1.2.11

側(cè)傾力矩···············································································································3.1.4.5

側(cè)傾力矩系數(shù)·········································································································3.1.5.7

側(cè)向力··················································································································3.1.4.3

側(cè)向力系數(shù)············································································································3.1.5.3

D

迭代······················································································································3.3.13

單帶地面系統(tǒng)·····································································································3.2.1.1.2

道路載荷···············································································································3.2.2.2

地面系統(tǒng)············································································································3.2.1.1.1

地面效應(yīng)模擬·····································································································3.2.1.2.7

單位長(zhǎng)度上的雷諾數(shù)······························································································3.1.3.21

動(dòng)壓·····················································································································3.1.3.5

F

風(fēng)洞修正··········································································································3.2.1.2.12

分離流················································································································3.1.3.16

風(fēng)速修正···············································································································3.2.2.4

俯仰角················································································································3.1.2.10

俯仰力矩···············································································································3.1.4.6

俯仰力矩系數(shù)·········································································································3.1.5.5

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G

滾動(dòng)阻力···············································································································3.2.2.3

H

橫擺角··················································································································3.1.2.9

橫擺力矩···············································································································3.1.4.4

橫擺力矩系數(shù)·········································································································3.1.5.6

后側(cè)向力系數(shù)·······································································································3.1.5.11

后處理·····················································································································3.3.9

環(huán)境風(fēng)速矢量·······································································································3.1.3.11

回流型風(fēng)洞·········································································································3.2.1.2.2

后輪眉高度············································································································3.1.2.7

后軸側(cè)向力··········································································································3.1.4.10

后軸升力···············································································································3.1.4.8

后軸升力系數(shù)·········································································································3.1.5.9

J

局部靜壓···············································································································3.1.3.6

交界面·····················································································································3.3.7

加密區(qū)·····················································································································3.3.5

計(jì)算網(wǎng)格················································································································3.3.11

計(jì)算域·····················································································································3.3.2

K

空氣動(dòng)力粘············································································································3.1.3.2

空氣密度···············································································································3.1.3.1

空氣壓強(qiáng)···············································································································3.1.3.4

空氣運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度·········································································································3.1.3.3

L

流場(chǎng)出口··················································································································3.3.4

流場(chǎng)進(jìn)口··················································································································3.3.3

雷諾數(shù)················································································································3.1.3.22

雷諾相似············································································································3.2.1.2.8

P

噴口法·············································································································3.2.1.2.10

Q

前側(cè)向力系數(shù)·······································································································3.1.5.10

汽車長(zhǎng)度···············································································································3.1.2.1

汽車風(fēng)洞············································································································3.2.1.2.1

汽車高度···············································································································3.1.2.3

汽車解析中心·········································································································3.1.1.2

2

QC/TXXXXX—XXXX

汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)流態(tài)顯示方法················································································3.2.1.2.9

汽車空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)坐標(biāo)系····························································································3.1.1.1

汽車寬度···············································································································3.1.2.2

汽車速度·············································································································3.1.2.13

汽車壓力中心·······································································································3.1.2.14

汽車長(zhǎng)度···············································································································3.1.2.1

汽車正投影面積·····································································································3.1.2.5

汽車軸距···············································································································3.1.2.8

前處理·····················································································································3.3.8

氣動(dòng)阻力滑行試驗(yàn)法·······························································································3.2.2.1

前輪眉高度············································································································3.1.2.6

前軸側(cè)向力············································································································3.1.4.9

前軸升力···············································································································3.1.4.7

前軸升力系數(shù)·········································································································3.1.5.8

S

三帶地面系統(tǒng)·····································································································3.2.1.1.3

升力·····················································································································3.1.4.2

升力系數(shù)···············································································································3.1.5.2

收斂······················································································································3.3.15

水平浮力效應(yīng)·····································································································3.2.1.2.6

瞬態(tài)計(jì)算················································································································3.3.17

升阻比··················································································································3.1.5.4

T

湍流···················································································································3.1.3.14

湍流度················································································································3.1.3.15

特征長(zhǎng)度···············································································································3.1.2.4

W

五帶地面系統(tǒng)·····································································································3.2.1.1.4

網(wǎng)格變形················································································································3.3.18

網(wǎng)格無(wú)關(guān)性·············································································································3.3.19

穩(wěn)態(tài)計(jì)算················································································································3.3.16

X

旋轉(zhuǎn)邊界條件············································································································3.3.6

Y

迎風(fēng)角度·············································································································3.1.3.12

壓力系數(shù)···············································································································3.1.3.8

駐點(diǎn)·····················································································································3.1.3.9

3