專題3.4(下)語(yǔ)法填空之動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致非謂語(yǔ))新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)突破(原卷)

專題3.4(下)語(yǔ)法填空之動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致、非謂語(yǔ))2024年新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)突破以上欄目見(jiàn)專題3.4(上)語(yǔ)法填空之動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致、非謂語(yǔ))總體技巧：提示詞如為動(dòng)詞，那么考生就要通過(guò)“一定三思”破解“動(dòng)詞”題。首先是“一定”：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，定奪空格處是否作謂語(yǔ)；其次是“三思”：如果作謂語(yǔ)，就需要思考恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致及虛擬語(yǔ)氣；如果不作謂語(yǔ)，就需要思考是否填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(填空所在句中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)并且沒(méi)有連詞時(shí)，應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)。填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就需要思考是填不定式<有式的變化>、動(dòng)詞ing形式<有式的變化>還是過(guò)去分詞)；如果既不作謂語(yǔ)成分，又不是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就需要思考是否為詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(包括現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而成的形容詞)，并根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境確定詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的類型(參看本系列資料專題3.3語(yǔ)法填空之實(shí)詞詞性/形轉(zhuǎn)換)。具體技巧一：“依、托、析”解動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致題。一、依“線索”，定時(shí)態(tài)1.依據(jù)上下文中明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞來(lái)定時(shí)態(tài)；2.依據(jù)語(yǔ)境，挖掘其隱含信息，弄清時(shí)間的先后順序，確定動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在還是將來(lái)，進(jìn)而定時(shí)態(tài)；3依據(jù)固定句型(參看專題3.4<上>中的有關(guān)內(nèi)容)確定所要用的時(shí)態(tài)。二、托“關(guān)系”，定語(yǔ)態(tài)依托主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動(dòng)關(guān)系外，還有特殊用法，如主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。三、析“主語(yǔ)”，定“一致”分析填空所在句的主語(yǔ)是什么，甄別這個(gè)主語(yǔ)所表示的意義是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，依據(jù)三大原則定主謂一致。具體技巧二：“尋、析、依”解非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題。一、尋“主語(yǔ)”，定功能這里的“主語(yǔ)”不是指語(yǔ)法意義上的主語(yǔ)，而是指邏輯意義上的主語(yǔ)，即填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)這個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)與所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系來(lái)定所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的功能。1.如果填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，一般考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)(尤其是習(xí)慣搭配中的現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞)或賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞<包括作介詞賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞>)；2.如果填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被其所修飾的名詞或代詞，一般考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)；3.如果填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是作賓語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞，一般考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)；4.如果填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)要通過(guò)句意來(lái)判斷，一般考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。二、析“關(guān)系”，定語(yǔ)態(tài)分析填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系確定所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)(是主動(dòng)的還是被動(dòng)的)。三、依“時(shí)間”，定形式依據(jù)填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞自帶的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或是根據(jù)填空處所要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系來(lái)正確形式。另外特別提醒的是：1.注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的拼寫(xiě)形式要正確；2.注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法的特殊情況。如：主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況，常見(jiàn)的已經(jīng)成為固定用法的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))等；3.警惕陷阱題，防止知識(shí)負(fù)遷移情況的發(fā)生：看似熟悉的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)而用規(guī)則去套就會(huì)套出錯(cuò)誤來(lái)。對(duì)此類題目考生一定要厘清句子結(jié)構(gòu)再解題。①Theemailshehadlookedforwardto________(arrive)theotherdayatlast.②Thepollutionisgettingworseandworse;wemuststoppollution________(live)abetterlife.③Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)___61___(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.2.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,___65___(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyageoldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage___66___(intend)foreveryone.3.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill___70___(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.4.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully___62___(build)systemofringroads.5.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)___66___(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I___67___(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.6.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___68___(record)everythingIdiscovered.7.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,___70___(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.8.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___61___(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.9.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears.Cao___67___(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.10.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,___70___(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.11.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___63___(address)theopeningceremony.12.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha___66___(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.13.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)___68___(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,___69___(invite)twentynineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirtysixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.14.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)It___61___(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).15.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Itispossible___63___(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.16.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)After___64___(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!17.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)We___66___(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.18.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ecotourismismonlyregardedaslowimpact(影響)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee___61___(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristicsandoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopmentofthelocalareas.19.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Minimizetheimpactof___67___(visit)theplace.20.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andacmodationsaim___70___(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.說(shuō)明：為了突出本專題的重點(diǎn)，筆者對(duì)所選的部分試題進(jìn)行了改編。1(2024上·廣東深圳高三統(tǒng)考期末)It’saraceagainsttime.GenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademyworkedhard___56___(preserve)theartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蝕)bysandandwind.Overthepastthreedecades,theteammembers___57___(restore)the45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁畫(huà))andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof___58___lastsforaboutathousandyears“Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,___59___(be)topromotethegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,”saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.Therestorersshouldrespecttheoriginalworkwhile___60___(repair)it.Whentheyfindsomepartsofmuralsmissingorfadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreate___61___“perfect”appearanceinrestoration“Culturalrelicsare___62___(witness)ofhistory,”explainsSu“Whenyouseekthesocalledperfectlook___63___artisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning.”Caveconservationisaboutsolvingproblems___64___(continuous).Itisalongtermprocess,overamuchwidertimespanthat___65___(go)beyondourlifetimes.Butatleast,theycankeepthecurrentlookofthemuralsforaslongaspossible.2(2024上·山東聊城高三統(tǒng)考期末)AssoonastheweathergetscoldinnorthernChina,you’llseealotofvendorssellingadelicioustraditionaldelicacy—BingTangHuLu,orTanghulu___56___short.Thissnack,whichoriginatedinBeijingandTianjin,traditionally___57___(consist)ofhawthornfruitcoatedinhardcandy___58___skewered(串住)onabamboostick.Thestorybeginswith___59___beautifulChinesewoman.Thefavoriteconcubine(妃子)oftheSongEmperorGuangzong(11471200)fellseriouslyill.Nocourtdoctorwasabletocureher.___60___(help),theemperorissuedanappealfordoctorsfromamongtheordinarypeopletoeforwardtohelp.Acountrydoctorremendedeatingredhawthornfruitsfriedinbrownsugar,whichturnedouttobeeffective.Thus,sugarcoatedhawthornfruitbecamethefavoritesugarysnackoftheChineseimperialfamily,andcourtchefswereassigned___60___(supply)itonaregularbasis.After___62___(reserve)forthenobilityduringthelastimperialdynasty,thestickydelicacy___63___(bee)widelypopularamongordinarypeopleinmorerecenttimes.Theroundandredfruitswereseenasgoodluck,___64___(symbolize)togetherness.Withtime,it___65___(believe)thatthesnackbroughtgoodluckandwealth,henceitspopularityatfamilycelebrationsandlargemeals.So,whatcouldpossiblystopyoufromgivingitatry?3(2024·云南曲靖校聯(lián)考一模)China’sfirstdomesticallymadepassengerjet(噴氣式飛機(jī))___56___(fly)itsfirstsuccessfulmercialflightonSunday,___57___(mark)amilestoneinthenation’sdecadeslongefforttopetewithindustrygiantssuchasBoeingandAirbusintheglobalaircraftmarket.TheC919plane,carryingabout130passengersontheflight,wasbuiltbythemercialAircraftCorporationofChina(AC).___58___(operate)bystateownedChinaEasternAirlines,thejettook___59___onSundaymorningfromShanghaiHongqiaoAirportandlandedlessthantwohourslaterinBeijing.Passengersreceivedspecialredboardingpasses___60___enjoyedathemedmealtomemoratetheflight.“I’mconfidentabouttheplane.Theflightwassmootherthan___61___(expect),”oneofthepassengerssaid.TheflightesasACseeks___62___(break)intothejetmarketinadirectchallengetoAirbusandBoeing.Airbus’sA320andBoeing’sB737jetsarethemostpopularaircrafttypically___63___(use)ondomesticandregionalroutes.TheC919,___64___hadbeenindevelopmentfor16years,hasamaximumrangeofabout5,630kilometersandisdesignedtocarrybetween158and168passengers.Itmadeitsfirstflightin2017and___65___(conduct)numeroustestflightsbeforeSunday’sfirstmercialflight.Thepanyplanstobuild150C919planeseachyearinthenextfiveyears.Over1,200C919jetshavebeenordered,ACsays.4(2024·廣東華南師大附中校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Consideredas“oneofthebestever”,the19thAsianGamesinHangzhouhasbeenhighlypraised.“Technically,we___56___(have)oneofthebestAsianGamesever,”saidVinodKumarTiwari,actingdirectorgeneraloftheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA).“Wehaveabout12,000athletesparticipatingintheGames.Thenumberofofficialsandthetechnicalofficials___57___(be)4,975and4,700,respectively,andover12,000mediapersonnelhaveattended.”Tiwarisaid.Atotalof478goldmedalshavebeenproducedinvariousevents,___58___saw15worldrecordsbroken,28Asianrecords___59___(renew),and150AsianGamesrecordsbettered,accordingtoXuDeqing,chiefspokespersonoftheHangzhouAsianGames.“We___60___(achieve)themostsuccessfulAsianGamesinhistorybyfar,”saidChenWeiqiang,executivesecretarygeneraloftheorganizingmittee.“ThiseditionoftheAsiad___61___(integrate)Hangzhou’srichhistoricalheritage,surging___62___(innovate),vitalityanddistinctvaluepursuitintovariousaspects.”Chensaid,“theAsiadhasalsoperfectlybinedart___63___technology,andithasshowcasedthebeautyofHangzhou’slandscapesandtechnologicalconfidencetotheworld.”WeiJizhong,honorarylifevicepresidentoftheOCA,said,“MorethanthreemillionticketshadbeensoldasofSaturday,___64___(generate)morethan600millionyuan($82.5million)inrevenue.Wedon’trankGamesagainstoneanotheronwhichwasthebest.___65___,intermsoftheGamesinChina,Igiveitamarkof100.”5(2024上·遼寧高三朝陽(yáng)市一高聯(lián)考期末)NewYearpicturesareanancientChinesefolkart.___56___(date)fromtheSongDynasty,theyreflectthecustomsandbeliefsofthepeople.NewYearpictures,astheirnamesuggests,___57___(create)especiallytocelebratetheLunarNewYearholiday.Thecustomispopularwiththepeopleinthecountryside,___58___willbebusycleaningthewholehouseandsticking___59___(vary)picturesontheirdoors,windows,walls,andstovesattheSpringFestival.Theyareoften___60___(update)annually,meaning“saygoodbyetothepastandwelethefuture”.TraditionalNewYearpictures,famousforsimplelines,brilliantcolorsandscenesofprosperity,havethefeaturesofbothwoodcutprintsandChinesepaintings,___61___(make)aspecialbranchintraditionalfolkart.NewYearpicturesareproducedinallregionsinChinawithdifferentlocalcharacteristics___62___(meet)thespecificneedsofthevastruralpopulation.Besides,viewed___63___thesymbolofgoodluckandhappiness,NewYearpicturescover___64___widerangeofthemes,butthemessageinallpicturesisrelatedtonicethingsinthewishofthepeople.TherearemoreandmorenewmaterialsforNewYearpictures.Meanwhile,NewYearpictures___65___(bee)ahotcollectors’itemforbothChineseandforeignersinrecentyears.6(2024上·江西上饒高三階段練)InaspeciallydesignedstudiotheaterinHangzhou,NewDragonGateInn,atraditionalShaoxingOperaperformance___56___(bring)tolife.Recreatedfromthe1992filmofthesamename,theoperapresentationshowsamazingartisticperformance,successfullyattractingtheinterestofyounger___57___(generation)bymixingtraditionalChineseoperawithmoderntheatermodelsanddramatic(戲劇性的)ideas.___58___(pare)withtraditionalstages,thetheaterisdesignedasaninn,___59___theaudiencesbeingguests.Theaudiencesitsveryclosetotheactorsandactresses,offeringthem___60___uniqueandfascinatingviewingexperience.Uponleavingthetheater,theseaudiencemembersfeelasenseofsatisfactionthatdrivesthemtowillinglyshareshortclipsoftheperformanceonline,___61___(promote)itspopularity.Astheplaygainspopularityinthepastweeks,ChenLijun,___62___playstheimportantsupportingroleofJiaTing,___63___(bee)asocialmediahit.Shesaidthisshowrepresentsoneofthe___64___(challenge)skillsintheoperaworld.Ittestsnotonlythephysicalstrengths,vocalskills,and___65___(act)abilitiesofactorsandactressesbuttheirwillpoweranddetermination.7(2024上·河北張家口高三統(tǒng)考期末)LocatedintheYangtzeRiverBasin,thearchaeological(考古的)ruinsofLiangzhudatebackto3,300~2,300BC．Theruinsrevealanearlystatewithaunifiedbeliefsystembasedonricecultivation(種植),andthisstate___56___(offer)evidencethattheChinesecivilizationstarted5,000yearsago,1,000yearsearlierthanpreviously___57___(estimate).Theseruinsare___58___outstandingexampleofearlyurbancivilization.ChenMinghui,archaeologistanddirectoroftheLiangzhuWorkstation,hasanawfullytightscheduleeverydayashenotonlyhas___59___(deal)withresearchworkinLiangzhuandLishui,butalsoneedstohelpreviewEnglishversionbooksabouttheLiangzhucivilization,which___60___(release)soon.HavingworkedinLiangzhufor11years,Chenisalways___61___(confidence)thatLiangzhu’s5,000yearhistoryisunquestionableasithasallthenecessaryelementscharacterizinganancientcivilization,whicharealsokeyfactorsthathelpedLiangzhu___62___(list)byUNESCO.“Wemustshareourresearchresultswiththeworld,___63___(let)peoplefromallovertheworldlearnfromandunderstandChina’sLiangzhucivilization,”the35yearoldarchaeologistsaid.___64___Chenhopesistobringculturalrelics(文物)___65___life,detailingalltheexcitingfindingsaboutLiangzhurelatedresearchforpeopleallovertheworld.8(2024·湖南岳陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考一模)Researchershavebeenapplyingartificialintelligence(AI)tomonitorbiodiversityandenhanceeffortstoprotectsomespeciesfrom___56___(threaten).Unlikeconventionalmethods,AIhasthecapacity___57___(analyze)massiveamountsofdataeffectively.Speciesaredisappearing___58___aratemuchfasterthanthatmillionsofyearsago,withuptoonemillionspeciesontheedgeof___59___(extinct).Inresponse,theUnitedNationssetagoalin2020tosafeguardatleast30%ofEarth’slandandoceans.“Alisimperfect___60___couldpromoteimportantdiscoveries.”saysNicolasMiailhe,ParisbasedfounderoftheFutureSociety,aninternationalnonprofitorganization___61___aimstobettergovernAI.“Webadlyneedhumanpractitionerstodesignmodelsandinterpretdata.”Besidesmonitoringbiodiversityinrealtime,AIcanalsobeusedtomodeltheimpactsofhumanactivitiesonanecosystem.Althoughit___62___(document)thathumanactivitieshaveresultedinbiodiversityloss,littleisknownaboutwhichenvironmentalfactorshave___63___(large)impact.“Longtermstatisticswillplay___64___essentialroleinconnectingchangesinbiodiversitywithenvironmentalchanges.”saysLuisaOrsini,who___65___(study)evolutionarybiosystemsattheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.9(2024·廣東茂名統(tǒng)考一模)Recently,Chinesenetizensexpressedamazementatamapfullofdottedsigns.WuYunjieisthemapmaker,whoispassionateaboutculturalrelics.Clearly___56___(mark)thecountry’shistoricsiteswasoncehispursuit,andnowwithperseveranceandmitments___57___(e)thegreatmomenthelooksforwardto.In2020,Wustartedcollectinginformation.Manyhistoricalsitescannot___58___(locate)specificallyandsomeinformationisnotfullydisclosed,for___59___hespentmuchtime