2024年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（解析版）

閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

2023年高考真題

【2023?新高考I卷】

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks

andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideifsrightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigital

minimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasingly

intolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,

youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'll

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llhear

theseparticipants?storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培養(yǎng)）asustainable

digitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andthe

necessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Each

chapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.

Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyour

particularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

【答案】8.B9.A10.Cll.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,including

adetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophy

ifyoudecideifsrightforyou.（這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有

效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué)）”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。

故選B。

9.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfor

thirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonline

activitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.（這個(gè)過(guò)程要求你在30天內(nèi)

遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會(huì)給你所看重的東西帶來(lái)巨大好處的精

心挑選的在線活動(dòng)）”可推知，畫線詞“dechitter”的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第四段"Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Filguideyouthroughcarryingoutyour

owndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso.I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600people

agreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這

樣做的過(guò)程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理）”可推

知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。故選C。

推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段"Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortsto

buildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具

箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式）”可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際

情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選A。

【2023,新高考II卷】

ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject——thebook,representedhereinalmost

threehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inart

madelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists5representationsofbooksandreading,we

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seemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnections

betweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookas

afocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描繪）aloneinmanysettingsandposes

一absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpainted

hundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect（才智），wealthorfaithof

thesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheir

ownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastheraw

materialforartworks-transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpage

outdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasany

battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepages

parted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasingly

networkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechance

ofawhollyprivate,“offline“activity.

8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.

C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodempaintings.

9.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?

A.Wealthandintellect.B.Homeandschool.

C.Booksandreading.D.Workandleisure.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto“inparagraph2mean?

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?

A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.

B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.

C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.

D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.

【答案】8.B9.CIO.All.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了印刷書籍和閱讀對(duì)人類的重要意義。

8.推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)文章第一段“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofan

everydayobject-thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundthe

world.（Read加gA欣A"/hrBooALovers這一活動(dòng)是為書籍這一日常物品辦的典禮，這里有來(lái)自世界各地

博物館的近三百件藝術(shù)品）”以及倒數(shù)第二段aBeforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,bookswere

treasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.（在印刷機(jī)廣泛使用之前，書籍是珍貴的物品，

它們本身就可以成為藝術(shù)品）”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇關(guān)于著作藝術(shù)的文章。故選B。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)文章第二段aartworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizesthese

connectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeorat

school,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.（藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同

時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們?cè)诩依锘驅(qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場(chǎng)景，這本書是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn)）”

可知，選定的藝術(shù)品是關(guān)于書籍和閱讀的。故選C。

10.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文wartworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizesthese

connectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeorat

school,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.（藝術(shù)品的選擇和排歹ij方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同

時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們?cè)诩依锘驅(qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場(chǎng)景，這本書是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn)）”

以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments（這些場(chǎng)景可能

是數(shù)百年前繪制的，但它們記錄了一些時(shí)刻）”可推知，此處指書籍是人類之間相互聯(lián)系和理解的紐帶，

故與畫線短語(yǔ)“relateto”意思最相近的為A項(xiàng)“理解、認(rèn)識(shí)到“。故選A。

11.推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段"itremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader（它仍然像任

何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動(dòng)性）”以及"printedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,

“off-line”activity（印刷書籍仍然提供了完全私人的“離線”活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)）”可推知，本文作者提到電子閱

讀器想表達(dá)的是印刷書籍并沒(méi)有完全過(guò)時(shí)。故選A。

2021-2022年高考真題

【2022?新高考I卷】

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

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wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomes

havereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.^^

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.^^

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

""Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.9,

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.

B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.

D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.

B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.

D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon“meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.

C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案】28D29.B30.C31.A

【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況的項(xiàng)目。

28.Do推理聲!］斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeopleswellbeing（該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善

老年人的健康狀況）”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。

29.Bo推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段""It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheir

childrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreative

activities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.w（有不同的關(guān)注點(diǎn)很好。人們把自己的孩子帶

進(jìn)來(lái)看母雞，居民們也來(lái)外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)，做一些有用的事情的感覺(jué)很好）”可推

知，RuthXavier通過(guò)該項(xiàng)目獲得了一種成就感。故選B。

30.Co詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常

歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣）”以及劃線處前的“one

ofthefirst（第一批人之一）”可知WendyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin

（開始）”含義相近。故選C。

31.Ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段aResidentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常

歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣）”以及最后一段“Lynn

Lewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreally

helpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.w（"諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林

恩?劉易斯說(shuō):我們很高興能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它將通過(guò)共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起

來(lái)）”可知，該項(xiàng)目的反響很好。故選A。

【2022?新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalf

theworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'

and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

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DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對(duì)齊）,makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschanged

toanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowto

besolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguages

aftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'and"V9increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.These

soundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,,5saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹因?yàn)轱嬍车母淖儗?dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語(yǔ)言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語(yǔ)音。

32.Do細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthat

speechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andHvn,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocieties

thatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,

Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，學(xué)者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為

唇齒音的語(yǔ)音，如“f”和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會(huì)的語(yǔ)言中更常見(jiàn)?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的DamianBlasi

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的方式和原因可知DamianBlasi的研究重點(diǎn)是在語(yǔ)言的演

變上。故選D。

33.Co細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancient

humanadultswerealigned9makingithardtoproducelabiodentals9whichareformedbytouchingthe

lowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對(duì)齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過(guò)下唇

接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來(lái)，我們的下顆變成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因?yàn)楣?/p>

代成年人的下顆結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選Co

34.Ao主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的aAnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasa

globalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v”

increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguages

ofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（對(duì)語(yǔ)言數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的分析也證實(shí)，在新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語(yǔ)言的發(fā)

音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過(guò)去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集

者的語(yǔ)言中仍然沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，第五段主要是通過(guò)列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果來(lái)進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A。

35.Co推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremained

stablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefind

todayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution/9said

StevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小組成員StevenMoran說(shuō)：”自從人類出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，我

們使用的語(yǔ)音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語(yǔ)音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)

物。"）”可知，StevenMoran認(rèn)為語(yǔ)音是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。

【2022?新高考II卷】

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetried

第8頁(yè)，共30頁(yè)

awiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心、）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

“Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoan

oldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhad

justtexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

nWeneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,9,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthe

state's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,npeoplearegoingtobe

moreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.

【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文一篇說(shuō)明文。為解決司機(jī)在開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問(wèn)題，紐約的一

名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來(lái)監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時(shí)候是否使用了手機(jī)。

28.Ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中wOverthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,

andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheir

phoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.w（在過(guò)去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信，公共服務(wù)活動(dòng)

也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)服人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)放下手機(jī)。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustabout

anymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.w（然而，無(wú)論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎都在惡化。）可

知，大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣的方法說(shuō)服司機(jī)們?cè)陂_車的時(shí)候放下手機(jī)，可是情況卻越來(lái)越糟糕。所以各

種方法是無(wú)效的。A選項(xiàng)ineffective意為“無(wú)效的”，與此相符。故選A。

29.Bo細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,

emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.n（這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可

以確定司機(jī)是否發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件，或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer

能夠確定的是司機(jī)是否使用了手機(jī)發(fā)短信、郵件以及其他駕駛法不允許的行為。B選項(xiàng)意為“是否司機(jī)使

用了手機(jī)?！迸c此相符，故選B。

30.Do詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.n（我

們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，something是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑?。根?jù)下文的“Ifthe

Textalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”

（他說(shuō)，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會(huì)更害怕拿起手機(jī)。）可知，人們的行為會(huì)改變的條件是

當(dāng)Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機(jī)們才不會(huì)在開車的時(shí)候使用手機(jī)。故something

指代的是法律。故選D。

31.Bo主旨大意題。縱觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)

服人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)放下手機(jī)?？墒菃?wèn)題卻越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重”。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedriving

more.”（部分原因是開車的人越來(lái)越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的

是為了解決該問(wèn)題是紐約立法者提出了一個(gè)新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來(lái)監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時(shí)候是

否使用了手機(jī)。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正的改變?nèi)藗?/p>

的行為。故B選項(xiàng)TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控

器。）適合文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。

2023年名校模擬題

【2023屆山東省威海市高三5月高考模擬】

C

第10頁(yè)，共30頁(yè)

YoungandoldalikecanbecrazyaboutanewfindingbyresearchersatOhioStateUniversityandthe

UniversityofChicago.Thereishopeforusallwhenitcomestocreativity,theysay.

Accordingtothestudy,whichfocusedonthe31mostnotableNobelPrizewinnersineconomics,therearetwo

typesofcreativitythatcanblossomatdifferentpointsinaperson'slife.Conceptualinnovatorstendtodotheirbest

workintheirmid-twenties,whileexperimentalinnovatorspeakintheirfifties.

Theyexplaininthepaperthatthereareconceptualthinkers,whoseektocommunicatespecificideasor

emotionsandhaveprecisegoalsfortheirworks,planningthemcarefullyinadvance,andcarryingthemout

systematically.PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinbothdidtheirgreatestworkinyouth.However,experimental

innovatorsbuildontheirknowledgeandaccepttheoriesthroughouttheircareersandultimatelyfindnewand

innovativewaystoanalyzethatknowledge.Thesethinkerstendtodotheirbestworklaterinlife.Thepapercites

VirginiaWoolfandCharlesDarwinaslatebloomers.

Thestudystates,"Manyscholarsbelievethatcreativityisonlyassociatedwithyouth.Two54-year-old

Harvardscholarsweredeniedoffersoftenuredprofessorships（終身教授）duetoconcernsoftheso-calledproblem

ofyextinctvolcanoes.9,

Theirfindingssuggestthatthiskindofbiased（有偏見(jiàn)的）thinkingleadstobaddecisions.Itignoresthefact

thattherearedifferenttypesofinnovatorsandthatdifferentproblemsdemanddifferentkindsofcontributionsand

solutions.Theyhopetheirworkwillgraduallyremovetheworld'sfavoritismforprecociousgeniuses（早熟的天才）

anditsignoranceofthecreativitythatcomeswithage.Weinberg,theco-authorofthestudy,said,“Webelievewhat

wefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally.^^

8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlined“blossom”?

A.Fullydevelop.B.Suddenlychange.

C.Graduallyfade.D.Repeatedlyemerge.

9.Whatdeterminesaperson'smostcreativeperiodaccordingtothestudy?

A.Ageorcareer.B.Educationbackground.

C.Typeofthinking.D.Exposuretodiverseideas.

10.Whatdoesthewriterwanttostressinthelastparagraph?

A.Creativitybreedssuccess.

B.Creativityknowsnoagelimit.

C.Solutionsneeddiversecreativity.

D.Favoritismforgeniuseslimitscreativity.

11.Whafsthewriter'sattitudetothenewfindings?

A.Doubtful.B.Objective.C.Positive.D.Critical.

【答案】8.A9.CIO.Bll.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了俄亥俄州立大學(xué)和芝加哥大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)造力沒(méi)有年

齡限制，我們所有人都有希望有創(chuàng)造力。

【8題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“Conceptualinnovatorstendtodotheirbestworkintheirmid-twenties,

whileexperimentalinnovatorspeakintheirfifties.（概念創(chuàng)新者往往在25歲左右做最好的工作，而實(shí)驗(yàn)創(chuàng)

新者則在50歲左右達(dá)到頂峰。）”和劃線單詞所在句子"therearetwotypesofcreativitythatcanblossomat

differentpointsinaperson'slife.（在一個(gè)人的一生中，有兩種類型的創(chuàng)造力可以在不同的時(shí)刻blossomo）”

可知，概念創(chuàng)新者往往在25歲左右做最好的工作，而實(shí)驗(yàn)創(chuàng)新者則在50歲左右達(dá)到頂峰，這說(shuō)明具有這

兩種創(chuàng)造力的人在不同的時(shí)刻會(huì)做到最