福建省三明市2022-2023學(xué)年高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)4月期中英語(yǔ)試卷(含答案)

福建省三明市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一'閱讀理解

OnlineEducationattheUniversityofAuckland(UoA)一WhattoExpect

MostonlineprogramsatUoAare100percentonlinesothatstudentsdonotcometothe

schoolcampus.Moreover,theUniversityofAucklandhascreatedamedia-rich,pleasant

learningenvironmentthroughtheLearningManagementSystem(LMS).

?Discipline(紀(jì)律)

Withdisciplinedworkhabits,youaremorelikelytosucceedasanonlinestudent.Itisup

toyoutologontoyourcourseandmeetyourowndeadlines.

?TimeManagement

Inordertoearncompetitivegrades,bereadytospendaminimumof20-25hoursaweek

oneachcourse.UoAonlinecoursesoperateonaseven-weekschedule,withstartdatesin

January,March,May,July,SeptemberandNovember.Studentsareabletocompletetwo

coursespersemesterbytakingoneseven-weekcourseatatime.

?ProfessionalConnections

ManyoftheUoAteachersteachonlinehaveconnectionstoindustry,sotheonlinelearning

environmentensuresaccesstodiverseexpertiseandpractice.Itincludesanextensive

networkofprofessionalsinavarietyofindustries."IworkasanITmanager.Andrightfrom

theverybeginning,everyclassItookwasrelevanttowhatIwasdoingatwork.Thewide

rangeofcoursesprovidedastrongfoundationformycareerdevelopment,"saidJimHeilman,

agraduateincomputerinformationsystems.

?Technology

Itgoeswithoutsayingthattechnologyplaysavitalroleinonlinelearning.Youwillneeda

high-speedInternetconnectionandbasiccomputerskills.Forspecifics,pleaseclickhereto

visitourTechnologypage.

1.Howlongdoesittaketocompleteonecourse?

A.Sevenweeks.B.Onesemester.

C.Severalmonths.D.Atleast20-25hours.

2.WhatisthepurposeofmentioningJimHeilman?

A.Torecognizeanexcellentgraduate.

B.Tosetagoodexampletootherlearners.

C.Toprovebenefitsofprofessionalconnections.

D.Toshoweffectivemethodsofonlinelearning.

3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Acoursebrochure.B.Acollegewebsite.

C.Anacademicmagazine.D.Anonlineadvertisement.

Youcan'talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhail

Belvaevdoesn'tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforcheadingout

shouldresultinyougettingwet.ThafswhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsown

Tain-sensingumbrella

Thedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsin

Russia."Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlamps

lightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohavea

canopy（傘篷）builtintoastreetlamp."hesaid.

TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasa

built-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors（傳感器）

thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.

Inadditiontotherainsensor,there9salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreet

lampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeing

usedthecanopyisclosed.

Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soas

nottocauseharmtothepedestrians（行人）.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrom

possiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.

Beinginstalled（安裝）at2metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestof

pedestrians.

WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction,Belvaevsaysherecently

introducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalled

onanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.

4.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?

A.motor一canopy一sensors.

B.motor一sensors一canopy.

C.canopy一motor一sensors.

D.sensors—motor一canopy.

5.WhydidMikhailBelvaevcreateLampbrella?

A.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.

B.Topredictaheavyrain.

C.Tochecktheweatherforecast.

D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.

6.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?

A.Itsinstallation.B.Itsmovingspeed.

C.Itssafety.D.Itsappearance.

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.

B.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.

C.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.

D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.

Masksthathelpedtosavelivesareprovingadeadlydangerforwildlife,withbirdsand

seacreaturestrappedintheshockingnumberofthrown-awayfacialcoverings.Single-use

maskshavebeenfoundaroundpavements,waterwaysandbeachesworldwide.Wornonce,

thethinprotectivematerialscantakehundredsofyearstodecompose.“Facemasksaren't

goingawayanytimesoon-butwhenwethrowthemaway,theseitemscanharmthe

environmentandtheanimals,“AshleyFrunoofanimalrightsgroupPETAsaid.

InBritain,agullwasrescuedbytheRSPCAafteritslegsbecametangledinthestraps

（帶子）ofamaskforuptoaweek.Theanimalwelfarecharitytookittoawildlifehospitalfor

treatmentbeforeitsrelease.

Thebiggesteffectmaybeinthewater.Morethan1.5billionmasksmadetheirwayinto

theworld'soceanslastyear,accountingforaround6200extratonnesofoceanplastic

pollution,accordingtoenvironmentalgroupOceansAsia.

ConservationistsinBrazilfoundonemaskinsidethestomachofapenguinafteritsbody

waswasheduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfishwasdiscoveredcaughtinsideanotherof

thecoastofMiami.Frenchcampaignersfoundadeadcrabtrappedinamasknearthe

Mediterranean.Masksandglovesare"particularlyproblematic“forseacreatures,says

GeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistfromNGOOceanConservancy."Whenthoseplasticsbreak

downintheenvironment,theythenenterthefoodchainandimpactentireecosystems,99he

added.

Therehasbeenashifttowardsgreateruseofreusableclothmasksasthepandemic（疫情）

haswornon,butmanyarestillusingthelightersingle-usevarieties.Campaignershaveurged

peopletobinthemproperlyandcutthestrapstoreducetheriskofanimalsbecomingtrapped.

OceansAsiahasalsocalledongovernmentstoincreasefinesforlitteringandencouragethe

useofwashablemasks.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decompose"mean?

A.Breakdown.B.Bumdown.C.Turndown.D.Falldown.

9.WhatcanwelearnfromGeorgeLeonard'swords?

A.Theenvironmentalgroupsavesmanyanimals.

B.Seawildlifeisfondoffeedingonfacemasks.

C.Measuresshouldbetakentoprotectseawildlife.

D.Masksthrownaroundwillfinallyharmhumans.

10.Howisparagraph4developed?

A.Byanalysingcauses.B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Byprovidingexplanations.D.Bymakingcomparisons.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,howmightthemaskproblemsbesolved?

A.Bywashingthereusableclothmasksmorefrequently.

B.Bystoppingthepublicfromusingthesingle-usemasks.

C.Byencouragingtheuseofreusablemasksandincreasingfines.

D.Bycuttingthestrapsofthemasksandreusingthemproperly.

Scientistshavefoundthateatingdarkchocolateappearstolowertheriskofdepression

byfourfold.While7.6percentofthe13,000peoplesurveyedreporteddepressivesymptoms,

just1.5percentofthechocolateeatersdid.Thestudyalsofoundthatthepeoplewho

consumedthemostofanychocolatewerealso57percentlesslikelytoreportdepressive

symptoms.

Thestudyisthefirsttoexaminetheassociationwithdepressionaccordingtothetypeof

chocolateconsumed.Theteamassesseddatafrom13,626adultsfromtheUSNationalHealth

andNutritionExaminationSurvey.

Arangeofotherfactorsincludingheightweight,maritalstatus,education,household

income,physicalactivity,smokingandchronic,慢f生的）healthproblemswerealsotaken

intoaccounttoensurethestudyonlymeasuredchocolate'seffectondepressivesymptoms.

Thenitwasfoundthatindividualswhoreportedeatinganydarkchocolateintwo24-

hourperiodshad70percentloweroddsofreportingclinicallyrelevantdepressivesymptoms

intheprevioustwoweeksthanthosewhoreportednoteatingchocolateatall.

Chocolatecontainsanumberofpsychoactiveingredients（精神活性成分）whichproduce

afeelingofeuphoria（狂喜）similartothatofcannabinoid（大麻素）.Italsocontains

phenylethylamine（苯乙胺）,whichisbelievedtobeimportantforregulatingpeople'smoods.

However,Britishscientistsurgedcautionaboutthefindings,suggestingthatthedecision

toeatdarkchocolatecouldbelinkedtootherhealthfactors.Forexample,peoplewhochoose

darkchocolatemaybemorehealth-consciousingeneral,whichisknowntoprotectagainst

depression.

Depressedpeoplearealsomorelikelytocravemoresugaryfattyfoodsandsocouldbe

lesslikelytopickadarkalternativewhenchoosingchocolate.

12.Whatistheaimofthestudy?

A.Tofindacurefordepression.

B.Tofindoutthecauseofdepression.

C.Toresearchontheingredientsofchocolate.

D.Tostudytheassociationbetweendepressionandchocolate.

13.Whatisphenylethylamine?

A.Somethingthatcanmakepeopleexcited.

B.Somethingthatcanadjustpeople'smoods.

C.Somethingthatcanmakepeopledepressed.

D.Somethingthatcanmakepeopleoverweight.

14.WhatisBritishscientists9attitudetowardthefindings?

A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Cautious.

15.Whataredepressedpeoplemorelikelytodo?

A.Eatsugaryfattyfoods.B.Havedarkchocolate.

C.Exerciseoutdoors.D.Beconcernedabouthealth.

二、七選五

16.People-pleaserswanteveryonearoundthemtobehappyandtheywilldowhatever

isaskedofthemtokeepitthatway.①.Forsome,saying“yes”isahabit;for

others,it'salmostanaddictionthatmakesthemfeelliketheyneedtobeneeded.Thismakes

themfeelimportantandlikethey'recontributingtosomeoneelse'slife.

②.Notonlydoesitputalotofpressureandstressonyou,butessentially

youcanmakeyourselfsickfromdoingtoomuch.Intheworstcase,you'llwakeupandfind

yourselfdepressed,becauseyou'reonsuchoverloadbecauseyoupossiblycan'tdoitall.

Here'salistofstrategiestohelpyoustopbeingapeople-pleaserandfinallysay"no”.

Thinkaboutit.

Wheneversomeoneasksyouforafavor,ifsperfectlyOKtosaythatyou'llneedtimeto

consider.（3）.Itisalsoimportanttoaskthepersonfordetailsaboutthe

commitment.Askyourself:DoIhavethetimetodothis?HowpressuredamIgoingtofeel?

Thesequestionsarekeybecauseyouneedtimetothinkofyourmust-dolistandthingsyou

don'twanttodo.

④.

It'stempting（誘人的）towanttodefendyourdecisiontosay"no"tosomeonesothey

understandyourreasoning.Butthisactuallybackfires.Assoonasyoustartexplaining,you

givetheotherpersonlotsofroomtocomebackandsay,“Oh,youcandothatlater,““You

canadjustyourschedule^^or"That'snotasimportantaswhatI'masking."

Don'tapologize-ifit'snotyourfault.

People-pleaserstendtobeserialapologists.Payattentiontowhenyou'reapologizing

andconsiderifyou'rereallyatfault.⑤.Usually,theansweris"no”.

A.Realizeyouhaveachoice.

B.Don'tgivealistofexcuses.

C.Theyputeveryoneelsebeforethemselves.

D.Saywhatyou'rethinkingandwhatyouwant.

E.People-pleasingcanhaveseriousrisksinfact.

F.Askyourselfifyou'reresponsibleforthesituation.

G.Thisgivesyoutheopportunitytothinkofyoucanhelp.

三、完形填空（15空）

Ifyou'refeelingthatlifejustcan'tbeanyworseforyou,itcanbechallengingtothink

positivethoughts.Whenyou'restressed,depressed,1,orinanegativestateofmind

becauseyoufeel"badthings"2happeningtoyou,it'simportanttochangethose3

thoughtstosomethingpositive.Ifnot,you'llonlyattractmore"badthings”.

It'softenveryhardtothinkpositivewhensomanythingsarenegative,butbe4that

someone,somewhereisworseoffthanyou.Youcanchoosetothink5bybeginning

withthesmallestofsteps.

Ifyoustartonesmall,positivethingand6itduringthecourseofyourday,you'll

begintomoveintoamorepositive7:positivethoughts,feelingsandopportunities.

Withpractice,youwillfindthatovertime,youwillchangeyouroutlookandchoosetobe

8_,regardlessoftheeventsaroundyou.

Herearesomeexamplesforyouto9.Beginandendeachdaywitha“Thankyou

forthiswonderfulday!”Whenyouseegaspricesrising,say"I'msogladtohavea10in

whichtogetaround."Whenyourbossistoohardonyou,say“IamgratefulformyjobasI

knowthatmanydon'thaveone."Ifyouarehavinghealthproblems,be11forwhatdoes

work:"Idoappreciateitthatmyeyessee,myearshear,mymouthtastes,mylegswalk,and

my12write.^^Writedownwhateveryou'rethankfulforeachday.Inmomentswhen

you'refeelingreallydown,readaloudwhatyou13beforehand.Thiswillcertainlyhelp

upliftyourspirits.Ifyoupracticethis14,youwillfindyourlistgettinglongerand

longer.

The15tomakingitamomentofjoyfulpeaceistomoveyourselfintoapositive

thoughtandkeepittherelongenough.Themoreyoupractice,thehappieryou'llbe.

17.A.upsetB.seriousC.terribleD.curious

18.A.avoidB.keepC.preventD.try

19.A.relativeB.positiveC.negativeD.sensitive

20.A.disappointedB.anxiousC.interestedD.sure

21.A.stubbornlyB.differentlyC.carelesslyD.actively

22.A.singB.speakC.catchD.repeat

23.A.situationB.attentionC.ambitionD.conclusion

24.A.depressedB.peacefulC.happyD.confused

25.A.announceB.makeC.followD.learn

26.A.wheelchairB.carC.shipD.jetplane

27.A.beautifulB.gratefulC.mercifulD.wonderful

28.A.armsB.legsC.handsD.shoulders

29.A.recordedB.talkedC.heardD.noticed

30.A.rapidlyB.occasionallyC.slightlyD.regularly

31.A.designB.keyC.projectD.chance

四、短文填空

32.SunZhenchu,an86-year-oldmanin2022,whogothisdriver'slicenseinabouta

year,hassurprisedandinspirednetizensinChinanotonlybecauseofhisage.

ThemotivationbehindSunZhenchu's①(take)thedrivingtestsistocarefor

hiswife.Sun'swifedidn'tgooutmuchafter②operation.Afterthepolicythat

peopleover70canapply③adriver'slicensewasissued,Sun(4)

(immediate)becameanelderlytraineeatalocaldrivertrainingschoolinZhejiangProvince

andmanaged?(pass)thefourexams,receivingperfectscoresontwoofthem.

AftergettinghislicenseinMarch,Sunboughtanelectricvehicletotakehiswifeshopping

forgroceries,tothehospitalorsightseeingalongtheQiantangRiver.

⑥astonishedpeoplemostwasSun'scareer-hewasaspecialistinnuclear

weaponsandmadegreat?(contribute)tothenation.Aftergraduationin1964,

Sun⑧(select)asoneoftheresearcherstoparticipateinChina'sfirstatomic

bombtest.Afterthesuccessfultest,hewenttoBeijing,(9)hecontinuedto

conductresearchandtestingfornuclearweaponsfor32years.Heretiredin1995,buthedid

notstoplearningnewthings.

InaspeechhedeliveredatZhejiangGongshangUniversityinlateJune,heencouraged

graduatestokeeplearningtostandoutina⑩(compete)andchallengingsociety.

五、翻譯題

33.這個(gè)島是許多鳥(niǎo)類和海豹的家園。(behometo)(漢譯英)

34.他擔(dān)心的不是你的身體健康而是你的心理健康。(what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；no...but...)

(漢譯英)

35.這個(gè)年輕人很可靠，所以你遇到困難時(shí)可以依靠他。(漢譯英)

36.Bathedinthesunshine,wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.(英譯漢)

37.Thescientistdecidedtofindawaytohelpthechildrendominatedbycomputergames.

(英譯漢)

六、書(shū)面表達(dá)

38.假定你是李華，是某校的高二學(xué)生。你發(fā)現(xiàn)有些同學(xué)每次遇到重要考試，都會(huì)出

現(xiàn)一些焦慮癥狀。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一封信，向某學(xué)生英文報(bào)編輯反映該問(wèn)題并提出建

議。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Deareditor,

I'maSeniorTwostudentinahighschool.I'mwritingtotellyouaboutsomesymptoms

ofanxietyamongusstudentsbeforeexams.

Yours,

LiHua

七、讀后續(xù)寫

39.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文.

Iwaswalkingdownthemuddyroadonedaywhenmycellphonerang.Achild'svoice

ontheotherendspoketomesoftly,"Dad,pleasecomehacksoon.Imissyousomuch!"

Unconsciously,Iknewitwasawrongnumberonceagain.Idon'thaveasingledaughter.I

justhaveasix-year-oldson.Itisnotunusualtoreceivethiskindofcallsnowadays,soI

repliedrudely,"You'vedialedthewrongnumber!99andthenhungupinanger.

Duringthefollowingdays,Igotthesamecallnowandthen.Itdisturbedme,soIeither

rejectedherorhunguprightawayrudely.Icouldn'thelpcomplainingaboutthis,“Whatan

impolitegirl!Howcanshecallmeupoverandoveragain?"HowIwishedthelittlegirl

wouldstopcausinganytroubletomesomeday!Suddenly,thephonerangupagain.Itwas

fromthesamegirl-Itseemedthatshewouldnotgiveupuntilshegotananswer.

Sheconstantlycalledmeup.EvenifIdidnotgiveherananswer,shestilldialedmy

numberfromtimetotime.EventuallyIunwillinglyansweredthephone.Iheardtheweak

voiceofthatlittlegirl,"Dad,pleasecomebacknow.Imissyousomuch!Momtoldmethis

wasnotawrongnumber.Itisyourcellphonenumber,right?Dad,Iaminsomuchpain!

Momsaidyouweretoobusytotakecareofme.Sheistiredoutfromlookingafterme.Dad,

Iknowyouarebusy.Ifyoucannotcomehome,pleasekissmeagaininthephone,OK?”The

innocentrequestwasdifficulttoreject.Imadealoudkissintothephoneandheardaweak

voicesaying,“ThankyouDad,Iamso...happy,so...happy.

注意:

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;

2,請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Shortlyafterthis,Ibecameinterestedinwhohadbeenontheotherendofmyphone.

Icouldn7waittoaskthewomanhowherdaughterwas.

參考答案

1.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Studentsareabletocompletetwocoursesper

semesterbytakingoneseven-weekcourseatatime."可知，一門課程需要七個(gè)星期來(lái)完成，

學(xué)生每學(xué)期可以上完兩門課程。即完成一門課程需要七個(gè)星期。故選A。

2.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thewiderangeofcoursesgavemeastrong

foundationformycareerdevelopment."可知,廣泛的課程為JimHeilman的職業(yè)發(fā)展奠定

了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。因此文章提到JimHeilman的目的是為了證明與專業(yè)人士建立聯(lián)系的好

處。故選C。

3.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Forspecifics,pleaseclickheretovisitour

Technologypage.”可知，有關(guān)詳細(xì)信息,請(qǐng)單擊此處訪問(wèn)我們的技術(shù)學(xué)院的頁(yè)面。因此文

章可能來(lái)自一個(gè)大學(xué)網(wǎng)站。故選B。

4.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfitted

withanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrella

ondemand.Sensors（傳感器）thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelter

wheneveritstartsraining.（“傘燈”是一種外形標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的路燈，上面裝有傘罩。它有一個(gè)內(nèi)置

的電動(dòng)馬達(dá)，可以根據(jù)需要打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉雨傘。傳感器會(huì)確保雨傘在開(kāi)始下雨時(shí)為行人

提供庇護(hù)。）”可知，電動(dòng)馬達(dá)控制傘篷，而電動(dòng)馬達(dá)的運(yùn)動(dòng)是受傳感器的控制，所以

三者的排列關(guān)系是傳感器一馬達(dá)一傘篷。故選D。

5.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“"Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburg

streetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtit

wouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy（傘篷）builtintoastreetlamp.^^hesaid.（“有一次，我

開(kāi)車行駛在圣彼得堡市中心的街道上，看到路燈照亮了試圖躲避雨水的人們。我覺(jué)得

在路燈里裝一個(gè)傘篷會(huì)很合適。"他說(shuō)）”可知，MikhailBelyaev發(fā)明雨水感應(yīng)式路燈傘

是為了下雨時(shí)讓行人避雨。故選A。

6.答案：C

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合“soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians（行

人）.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.（這樣就不會(huì)對(duì)

行人造成傷害。此外，它將被接地以防止可能的雷擊。）”及“Beinginstalled（安裝）at2

metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.（安裝在星巨離地

面2米的地方，它只會(huì)對(duì)最高的行人造成危險(xiǎn)。）”可知，本段主要描述了這種傘的安

全性。故選C。

7.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreet

wherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.（并堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，他的

發(fā)明可以安裝在任何行人多但沒(méi)有遮蔽處的街道上。）”可知，設(shè)計(jì)者認(rèn)為他的發(fā)明可

以安裝在行人多但無(wú)遮擋的街道上，由此可知設(shè)計(jì)者對(duì)自己的發(fā)明充滿信心，認(rèn)為它

很實(shí)用。故選樂(lè)

8.答案：A

解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“thethinprotectivematerialscantakehundredsof

yearsto（這種薄薄的保護(hù)材料可能需要幾百年的時(shí)間）“以及后文"Facemasksaren'tgoing

awayanytimesoon（口罩不會(huì)很快消失）“可知，口罩短期內(nèi)不會(huì)消失，說(shuō)明這種薄薄的

保護(hù)材料可能需要幾百年才能分解。故劃線詞意思是“分解”。故選A。

9.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Masksandglovesare"'particularlyproblematic^^for

seacreatures,saysGeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistfromNGOOceanConservancy."When

thoseplasticsbreakdownintheenvironment,theythenenterthefoodchainandimpactthe

entireecosystems,5,headded.（非政府組織海洋保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的首席科學(xué)家GeorgeLeonard

說(shuō)，口罩和手套對(duì)海洋生物來(lái)說(shuō)“尤其成問(wèn)題”。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“當(dāng)這些塑料在環(huán)境中分解

時(shí)，它們就會(huì)進(jìn)入食物鏈，并影響整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。"）”可知，GeorgeLeonard認(rèn)為到處

亂扔的口罩最終對(duì)人體有害。故選D。

10.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ConservationistsinBrazilfoundonemaskinsidethe

stomachofapenguinafteritsbodywaswasheduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfishwas

discoveredcaughtinsideanotherofthecoastofMiami.Frenchcampaignersfoundadead

crabtrappedinamaskneartheMediterranean.（Effi的環(huán)保人士在一只企鵝的尸體被沖上

海灘后，在它的胃里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)口罩，而邁阿密的另一個(gè)海岸上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條被卡在另

一口罩里的河豚的尸體。法國(guó)活動(dòng)人士在地中海附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只被困在口罩中的死螃

蟹。廣可推知，第四段是通過(guò)舉例子來(lái)展開(kāi)的。故選B。

11.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“OceansAsiahasalsocalledongovernmentsto

increasefinesforlitteringandencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.（海洋亞洲|組織還呼吁

各國(guó)政府提高對(duì)亂丟垃圾的罰款，并鼓勵(lì)人們使用可清洗的口罩）”可知，通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)使

用可重復(fù)使用的口罩和增加罰款可以解決口罩問(wèn)題。故選C。

12.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句"Thestudyisthefirsttoexaminetheassociation

withdepressionaccordingtothetypeofchocolateconsumed.^^（這項(xiàng)研究是第一次根據(jù)巧

克力的消費(fèi)類型來(lái)研究與抑郁癥的關(guān)系）可知，其目的是研究抑郁和食用巧克力之間

的關(guān)系。故選D。

13.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句"whichisbelievedtobeimportantfor

regulatingpeople'smoods^^（這被認(rèn)為對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)人們的情緒很重要）可知，苯基乙胺是調(diào)

節(jié)人們情緒的東西。故選B。

14.答案:D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的第一句"HoweverBritishscientistsurgedcautionabout

thefindings,suggestingthatthedecisiontoeatdarkchocolatecouldbelinkedtootherhealth

factors."（然而，英國(guó)科學(xué)家敦促人們謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)為吃黑巧克力的決定可能

與其他健康因素有關(guān)。）可知，英國(guó)科學(xué)家對(duì)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。A.Supportive.

支持的；B.Negative.消極的；C.Doubtful.懷疑的；D.Cautious謹(jǐn)慎的。故選D。

15.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Depressedpeoplearealsomorelikelytocravemore

sugaryfattyfoodsandsocouldbelesslikelytopickadarkalternativewhenchoosing

chocolate.”（抑郁的人也更可能渴望更多含糖高脂肪的食物，因此在選擇巧克力時(shí)不太

可能選擇深色的替代品。）可知，抑郁的人也更有可能想吃更多的高糖高脂食物。故

選Ao

16.答案：①-⑤CEGBF

解析：①根據(jù)空格上句"People-pleaserswanteveryonearoundthemtobehappyandthey

willdowhateverisaskedofthemtokeepitthatway.（悅他主義者希望身邊的每一個(gè)人都

快樂(lè)，他們會(huì)做任何要求他們做的事情，讓身邊的每一個(gè)人都快樂(lè)。）”可知，第一段

中主要介紹了什么是悅他主義者。C項(xiàng)意為“他們把別人放在自己前面。”能夠承接上

文，悅他主義者為了讓身邊的每一個(gè)人都快樂(lè)，會(huì)做任何要求他們做的事情，所以他

們把別人放在自己前面。故選C。

②/艮據(jù)空格上句"Notonlydoesitputalotofpressureandstressonyou,butessentiallyyou

canmakeyourselfsickfromdoingtoomuch.（它不僅給你帶來(lái)了很大的壓力，而且從本

質(zhì)上說(shuō)，你做得太多會(huì)讓自己生病。）”可知，本段介紹的是悅他主義者會(huì)面臨的危

害。E項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)上，取悅他人可能會(huì)有嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”選項(xiàng)能夠概括段落主旨，告

訴我們?nèi)偹丝赡軙?huì)給我們帶來(lái)的危害，下文提到的“給你帶來(lái)了很大的壓力”和“做

得太多會(huì)讓自己生病”是對(duì)危害的舉例。故選E。

③根據(jù)空格上句"Wheneversomeoneasksyouforafavor,it'sperfectlyOKtosaythat

you”needtimetoconsider.（每當(dāng)有人請(qǐng)你幫忙時(shí)，說(shuō)你需要時(shí)間考慮是完全可以

的。）”可知，本段告訴我們當(dāng)有人請(qǐng)你幫忙時(shí)，你可以說(shuō)你需要時(shí)間考慮。G項(xiàng)意為

“這讓你有機(jī)會(huì)考慮你能幫上忙。”選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容能夠承接上文，當(dāng)有人請(qǐng)你幫忙時(shí)，你可

以說(shuō)你需要時(shí)間考慮，這樣你就有機(jī)會(huì)考慮自己是否能幫忙，能提供什么樣的幫助

等。故選G。

④根據(jù)空格后句"It'stempting（誘人的）towanttodefendyourdecisiontosay"no"to

someonesotheyunderstandyourreasoning.Butthisactuallybackfires.（想要為你對(duì)某人說(shuō)

“不”的決定辯護(hù)，這樣他們就能理解你的觀點(diǎn)，這種想法是很誘人的。但這實(shí)際上適

得其反。）”可知，本段告訴我們?nèi)绻覀優(yōu)樽约簩?duì)別人請(qǐng)求的拒絕找借口，以為這樣

就會(huì)得到對(duì)方的理解，但實(shí)際上適得其反。B項(xiàng)意為“不要列舉借口。”選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容能夠

概括段落主旨，告訴我們不要為自己的拒絕找借口。故選B。

⑤根據(jù)段落主旨句"Don'tapologize-ififsnotyourfault.（如果不是你的錯(cuò)，不要道

歉。）”可知，本段告訴我們?nèi)绻皇悄愕腻e(cuò)，不要道歉。根據(jù)空格上句“Payattentionto

whenyou5reapologizingandconsiderifyou'rereallyatfault.（當(dāng)你道歉的時(shí)候要注意，并

考慮你是否真的有錯(cuò)。廣可知，道歉之前我們要考慮清楚自己是否真的有錯(cuò)。F項(xiàng)意為

“問(wèn)問(wèn)自己你是否應(yīng)該對(duì)這種情況負(fù)責(zé)?！边x項(xiàng)內(nèi)容能夠承接上文，道歉之前我們要問(wèn)

問(wèn)自己是否有錯(cuò)，是否應(yīng)該對(duì)這種情況負(fù)責(zé)，且能引起下文“Usually,theansweris"no”.

（通常，答案是“不”。廣下文中的“no”正是對(duì)上文問(wèn)題的回答。故選F。

17.答案：A

解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你感到壓力、沮喪、心煩意亂，或者因?yàn)槟阌X(jué)

得“壞事”總是發(fā)生在你身上而處于消極的精神狀態(tài)時(shí)，把那些消極的想法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極

的東西是很重要的。A.upset心煩意亂的；B.serious嚴(yán)肅的；C.terrible可怕的；D.

curious好奇的。根據(jù)句中“stressed,depressed"和"inanegativestateofmind”可知，句中

描述的是一種消極的情緒，形容詞upset"心煩意亂的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。

18.答案：B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你感到壓力、沮喪、心煩意亂，或者因?yàn)槟阌X(jué)得

“壞事”總是發(fā)生在你身上而處于消極的精神狀態(tài)時(shí)，把那些消極的想法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極的

東西是很重要的。A.avoid避免；B.keep保持；C.prevent阻止；D.try嘗試。產(chǎn)生這

些消極情緒的原因是“壞事”總是發(fā)生在自己身上。keepdoing“一直做某事”。故選B。

19.答案：C

解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你感到壓力、沮喪、心煩意亂，或者因?yàn)槟阌X(jué)

得“壞事”總是發(fā)生在你身上而處于消極的精神狀態(tài)時(shí)，把那些消極的想法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極

的東西是很重要的。A.relative相對(duì)的；B.positive積極的；C.negative消極的；D.

sensitive敏感的。根據(jù)上文“stressed,depressed"和"inanegativestateofmind”可知，那

些是消極的想法。故選C。

20.答案：D

解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)很多事情都是消極的時(shí)候，想要積極的事情通

常是很難的，但是肯定在某個(gè)地方有人比你過(guò)得更糟。A.disappointed失望的；B.

anxious擔(dān)心的；C.interested感興趣的；D.sure確定的。根據(jù)下文“someone,

somewhereisworseoffthanyou”可知，在某個(gè)地方肯定有人比你過(guò)得更糟。故選D。

21.答案：B

解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你可以選擇從最小的步驟開(kāi)始，以不同的方式思

考。A.stubbornly固執(zhí)地；B.differently不同地；C.carelessly粗心地；D.actively積極

地。根據(jù)上文“thinkpositivewhensomanythingsarenegative”可知，此處表示“以不同

的方式思考”。故選B。

22.答案：D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你從一件積極的小事情開(kāi)始，并在一天中不斷

重復(fù)它，你將開(kāi)始進(jìn)入一個(gè)更積極的狀態(tài)：積極的思想、感受和機(jī)會(huì)。A.sing唱；B.

speak說(shuō)；C.catch抓??；D.repeat重復(fù)。根據(jù)下文“Withpractice”可知，此處表