高考定語從句復(fù)習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載定語從句（形容詞性從句）在句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句，因其修飾作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故稱形容詞性從句，即通常所說的定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，區(qū)別定語從句和名詞性從句的最簡易的辦法就是看從句前有無被修飾的先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞既起著聯(lián)系作用，同時又作定語從句的一個成分。這些關(guān)系詞包括：1）關(guān)系代詞：先行詞為人：________、_________、_______、________。先行詞為物：________、________、________、________。2）關(guān)系副詞：_________、_______、________。注意：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞和引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞有許多是共用的，但它們在從句中的作用有所不同，注意區(qū)別。尤其要注意的是what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后，但有時也被一個短語隔開。例如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.1．關(guān)系代詞的用法：關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或表語等成分。Thecomrade______visitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.（作主語）Heisnolongertheman______heusedtobe.（作表語）Thisisthebook______Ireferredtoinmytalk.(作賓語)WeiFangisthestudent______homecaughtfirelastweek.(作定語)使用關(guān)系代詞值得注意以下幾點：=1\*GB3①that,which在從句中作主語時，不能省略；作賓語時，在口語和非正式語中經(jīng)常省略。whom也?？墒÷浴＠纾篐eistheman(whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.（作賓語）=2\*GB3②that,which在從句中作主語時，如果先行詞前面有序數(shù)詞、最高級以及有theonly，thevery等修飾時，只能用that,不能用which。如果先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代詞；或是先行詞被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等不定代詞修飾時,一般要用that，但是something后面既可用that也可用which。例如：Titanicisthebestfilm______hasbeenshownthisyear.Theonlything______mattersistofindourwayhome.Thisistheverymagazine______youareafter.I’lldoall______Icantohelpyou.Isthereanything______Icandoforyouintown?Thereissomething______keepsworryingme.“有一件事一直令我不安。=3\*GB3③如果主句是由who，which，what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，先行詞后的引導(dǎo)詞要用that，而不用who或which。例如：Whoistheman______isreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Whichisthedictionary______youboughtyesterday?注意：當(dāng)先行詞是anyone,those,he,she等代詞表“人”時，一般用who而不用that。同時要注意主謂一致的問題，即從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)要由who所指代的“人”所決定.Anyonewhowantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:30p.m.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.=4\*GB3④whose在定語從句中置于名詞之前，充當(dāng)定語，既可指人，又可指物。whosexx=thexxofwhich（指物）/whom（指人）。例如：Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.（指物）=Pleasepassmethedictionary___________________isblack.Thedoctor,whosenamewasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.（指人）=Thedoctor,_________________wasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.=5\*GB3⑤介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定；也可結(jié)合句意，根據(jù)先行詞確定。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.=Thepalace_______________Ioftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.Ineedapen________________Icanwritealetter.a.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhich B.afterthat C.inwhich D.inthatb.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.[2007重慶卷]A.withwhich B.towhich C.ofwhich D.forwhich但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。如：Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?(這里介詞for一般不提前，因為lookfor是固定詞組，意為“尋找”，介詞for若被提前，單個的look意為“看”，句意不符。)=6\*GB3⑥先行詞既有人又有物時，引導(dǎo)詞只用that。例如：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.=7\*GB3⑦先行詞是theway時，且在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語時，其后的定語從句關(guān)系詞有三種，例如：Iliketheway______________theteachergiveshislessons.Marxtoldustheway__wecouldlearnaforeignlanguagewell.A.whyB.howC.whichD.when2．關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，分別可表時間、地點或原因。但要注意與先行詞在從句中做主語或賓語的情況相區(qū)別。Iwillneverforgettheday________IfirstcametoBeijing.Thisisthehouse________LuXunoncelived.Canyoutellmethereason______yousoldyournewcar?Eg.Iwillrememberthecottage____Ibuiltwithmywifetenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.inthatIwillrememberthecottage____Iwasshutwithmywifetenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inthatEg.Haveyouaskedherforthelastreason_______mayexplainherabsence?A.whyB.thatC.becausethatD.whichItisforthisreason____theclearskyoverthemountainappearsblue.A.forwhichB.whyC.becauseD.thatc.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.[2007陜西卷]A.which B.as C.why D.whered.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.when B.whose C.whichD.where[2007天津卷]3．限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句對先行詞起限定作用，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，去掉后主句意義就變得不明確，這種主句和從句的關(guān)系十分密切，主句與從句之間沒有逗號分隔。例如：Thisisashopthatsellspersonalcomputers.//ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdayworkswell.非限制性定語從句與主句之間的關(guān)系相對松散一些，它對先行詞起補充說明作用，去掉后不影響主句意義。因此，一些具有區(qū)別意義的專有名詞及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此類從句。這類從句與主句之間有逗號隔開。例如：WeareallproudoftheGreatWall,whichisoneoftheman-madewondersoftheworld.Myfather,whoisadoctor,oftenencouragesmetoworkhard.e.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,___hefoundajobinabigcompany.[2007遼寧卷]A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis一種特殊的非限制性定語從句在非限制性定語從句中，有時根據(jù)句子意思，常把some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等詞、分數(shù)或百分比與ofwhom或ofwhich連用。同時要注意主謂一致的問題，即從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)要由xxofwhom或xxofwhich所指代的“人”或“物”所決定.Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.(比較：Hehasfivechildren,and_______areabroad.)f.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.[2007安徽卷]A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhom4．定語從句中as的用法1）as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句：當(dāng)先行詞前有as,thesame,such,so修飾時，關(guān)系代詞常用as。例如：Asmanymembersaswerepresentagreedtotheplan.I’dliketohavethesamebooks___________________與你們學(xué)校用的一樣.Heisnotsuchaperson____________________.我期待的那個人2）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的異同which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容，有時可以互換：Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.Shewasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中間或放在主句末尾；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在先行詞后面或主句后面。例如：Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.=Theelephant,_________________,islikeasnake.=Theelephantislikeasnake,__________________.Marywaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.（此處不能用as,為什么？看課后作業(yè)第21題）as引導(dǎo)的從句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which則無此意。常用句型有：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,asisexpected等。如：Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.as引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上不能與主句相抵觸，而which不受此限制。試比較：Hedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,_______hadbeenexpected.Hefailedintheexperiment,________wasunexpected.5.隨堂練習(xí)：1.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.（2005全國卷一I） A．ofthem B．fromwhich C．whoof D．ofwhom2.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse___,isthere?（2005北京）A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturntoD.forhertoturn3.Ifashophaschairs__womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where（2005上海）4.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstuckbyfloods,from__A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what（2005天津）5.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.（2005重慶）A．duringwhichtimeB．forwhichtimeC．duringwhosetimeD．bythattime6.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___________shewantedtobe.（2005湖北）A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which7.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_______toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A．thatB．inwhichC．bywhichD．how（2005湖南）8.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs___theyarebeingtrained.（2005江西）A．inthatB．forthatC．inwhichD．forwhich9.Thewayhediditwasdifferent__________wewereusedto.（2005江西）A．inwhichB．inwhatC．fromwhatD．fromwhich10.Iwalkedinourgarden,___TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（2005遼寧）A．whichB．whenC．whereD．that6．課后作業(yè)11.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?（2005福建）—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.A．beforeB．whenC．thatD．until12.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?（2005福建）—Right,justtheone_________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．what13.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,__________hewentontoCambridge.（2005山東）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis14.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,__________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.2005浙江）A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it15.____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmorning.2005浙江）A.WhenB.afterC.AsD.Since16.Theplace__thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe__thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich（2005江蘇）17.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.（2005廣東）A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that18.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?(2005北京春)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what19.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?（2005福建）—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.A．beforeB．whenC．thatD．until20.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__didn’thelp.（2005全國三）A．itB．sheC．whichD．he21.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(2006江蘇卷)A.who B.that C.as D.which22.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.（2006福建卷）A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what23.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,________wegavesomebellsandglasses.（2006湖南）A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich24.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.（2006重慶卷）A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich.25.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?（2006江西卷）—Yes，there’sonepoint__wemustinsistonA．whyB．whereC．howD．/26.Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.（2006北京卷）A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填表;不填27.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（2006山東卷）A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which28.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________sA.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat（2006陜西卷）29.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.(2006浙江卷)A.ofthat B.ofwhich C.that D.which30.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.(2006遼寧卷)A.study;ofwhom B.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthem D.studying;ofwhom31.TheBeatles,manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as32.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,___isalwaysbusyattheweekend.A.that B.where C.what D.which(2006上海春招)2007高考題中出現(xiàn)的定語從句1.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,___wasbeyondhiswildestdream.[2007上海卷]A.which B.that C.where D.it2.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm_________weworked.[2007山東卷]A．thatB．thereC．whichD．where3.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.[2007安徽卷]A.noneofthem B.bothofthemC.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhom4.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy[2007北京卷]A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom5.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,___________canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.[2007湖南卷]A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.[2007江蘇卷A.afterwhich B.afterthat C.inwhich D.inthat7.Aftergradutationshereachedapointinhercareetsheheededtodecionwhattodo.[2007江西卷]A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where8.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where[2007全國卷I]9.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.which B.as C.why D.where[2007陜西卷]10.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad． A．thatB．a(chǎn)llthatC．a(chǎn)llwhatD．which[2007上海春]11.Itisreportedthattwoschools，_______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown，willopennextyear.A．theybothB．whichbothC．bothofthemD．bothofwhich[2007四川卷]12.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity___sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.where[2007天津卷]13.Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,______usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where[2007浙江卷]14.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.[2007重慶卷]A.withwhich B.towhich C.ofwhich D.forwhich15.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,__hefoundajobinabigcompany.[2007遼寧卷]A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis語法總復(fù)習(xí)之------定語從句（形容詞性從句）在句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句，因其修飾作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故稱形容詞性從句，即通常所說的定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，區(qū)別定語從句和名詞性從句的最簡易的辦法就是看從句前有無被修飾的先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞既起著聯(lián)系作用，同時又作定語從句的一個成分。這些關(guān)系詞包括：1）關(guān)系代詞：先行詞為人：who,whom,that,whose先行詞為物：which,that,whose2）關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why（how）注意：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞和引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞有許多是共用的，但它們在從句中的作用有所不同，注意區(qū)別。尤其要注意的是what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后，但有時也被一個短語隔開。例如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.1．關(guān)系代詞的用法：關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或表語等成分。Thecomradewhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.（作主語）Heisnolongertheman(that)heusedtobe.（作表語）Thisisthebook（that/which）Ireferredtoinmytalk.(作賓語)WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastweek.(作定語)使用關(guān)系代詞值得注意以下幾點：=1\*GB3①that,which在從句中作主語時，不能省略；作賓語時，在口語和非正式語中經(jīng)常省略。whom也?？墒÷?。例如：Heistheman(whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.（作賓語）=2\*GB3②that,which在從句中作主語時，如果先行詞前面有序數(shù)詞、最高級以及有theonly，thevery等修飾時，只能用that,不能用which。如果先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代詞；或是先行詞被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等不定代詞修飾時,一般要用that，但是something后面既可用that也可用which。例如：Titanicisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.ThesecondtimethatIvisitedTheSummerPalacewasinthefallof1998.Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.Thisistheverymagazinethatyouareafter.I‘lldoallthatIcantohelpyou.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyouintown?Thereissomethingthat/whichkeepsworryingme.“有一件事一直令我不安。=3\*GB3③如果主句是由who，which，what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，先行詞后的引導(dǎo)詞要用that，而不用who或which。例如：Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Whichisthedictionary(that)youboughtyesterday?注意：當(dāng)先行詞是anyone,those,he,she等代詞表“人”時，一般用who而不用that。同時要注意主謂一致的問題，即從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)要由who所指代的“人”所決定.Anyonewhowantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:30p.m.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.=4\*GB3④whose在定語從句中置于名詞之前，充當(dāng)定語，既可指人，又可指物。whosexx=thexxofwhich（指物）/whom（指人）。例如：Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.（指物）=Pleasepassmethedictionarythecoverofwhichisblack.Thedoctor,whosenamewasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.（指人）=Thedoctor,thenameofwhomwasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.=5\*GB3⑤介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定；也可結(jié)合句意，根據(jù)先行詞確定。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversityThepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.=ThepalacetowhichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.Theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourcompany.LastnightIhadadreaminwhichIbecameaNobelPrizewinner.IneedapenwithwhichIcanwritealetter.但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。如：Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?(這里介詞for一般不提前，因為lookfor是固定詞組，意為“尋找”，介詞for若被提前，單個的look意為“看”，句意不符。)=6\*GB3⑥先行詞既有人又有物時，引導(dǎo)詞只用that。例如：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.=7\*GB3⑦先行詞是theway時，其后的定語從句關(guān)系詞有三種，例如：Iliketheway（inwhich/that）theteachergiveshislessons.Marxtoldustheway____wecouldlearnaforeignlanguagewell.A.whyB.how*C.whichD.when2．關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，分別可表時間、地點或原因。但要注意與先行詞在從句中做主語或賓語的情況相區(qū)別。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyousoldyournewcar?Eg.Iwillrememberthecottage____Ibuiltwithmywifetenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.inthatIwillrememberthecottage____Iwasshutwithmywifetenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inthatEg.Haveyouaskedherforthelastreason_______mayexplainherabsence?A.whyB.thatC.becausethatD.whichItisforthisreason____theclearskyoverthemountainappearsblue.A.forwhichB.whyC.becauseD.that3．限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句對先行詞起限定作用，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，去掉后主句意義就變得不明確，這種主句和從句的關(guān)系十分密切，主句與從句之間沒有逗號分隔。例如：Thisisashopthatsellspersonalcomputers.//ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdayworkswell.非限制性定語從句與主句之間的關(guān)系相對松散一些，它對先行詞起補充說明作用，去掉后不影響主句意義。因此，一些具有區(qū)別意義的專有名詞及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此類從句。這類從句與主句之間有逗號隔開。例如：WeareallproudoftheGreatWall,whichisoneoftheman-madewondersoftheworld.Myfather,whoisadoctor,oftenencouragesmetoworkhard.一種特殊的非限制性定語從句在非限制性定語從句中，有時根據(jù)句子意思，常把some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等詞、分數(shù)或百分比與ofwhom或ofwhich連用。同時要注意主謂一致的問題，即從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)要由xxofwhom或xxofwhich所指代的“人”或“物”所決定.Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.(比較：Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemareabroad.)Wehavetestedthreehundredtypesofboots,noneofwhichis/arecompletelywaterproof.(比較：Wehavetestedthreehundredtypesofboots,butnoneofthemis/arecompletelywaterproof.)4．定語從句中as的用法1）as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句：當(dāng)先行詞前有as,thesame,such,so修飾時，關(guān)系代詞常用as。例如：Asmanymembersaswerepresentagreedtotheplan.I’dliketohavethesamebooksasareusedinyourschool.HeisnotsuchapersonasIexpected.2）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的異同which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容，有時可以互換：Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.Shewasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中間或放在主句末尾；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在先行詞后面或主句后面。例如：Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.=Theelephant,asanybodycansee,islikeasnake.=Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.Marywaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.as引導(dǎo)的從句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which則無此意。常用句型有：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,asisexpected等。如：Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.as引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上不能與主句相抵觸，而which不受此限制。試比較：Hedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,ashadbeenexpected.Hefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.5．鞏固練習(xí)：1.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.（2005全國卷一二） A．ofthem B．fromwhich C．whoof D．ofwhom2.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?（2005北京）—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturntoD.forhertoturn3.Ifashophaschairs_________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where（2005上海）4.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstuckbyfloods,from__effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what（2005天津）5.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.（2005重慶）A．duringwhichtimeB．forwhichtimeC．duringwhosetimeD．bythattime6.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___________shewantedtobe.（2005湖北）A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which7.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop___toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A．thatB．inwhichC．bywhichD．how（2005湖南）8.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.（2005江西）A．inthatB．forthatC．inwhichD．forwhich9.Thewayhediditwasdifferent__________wewereusedto.（2005江西）A．inwhichB．inwhatC．fromwhatD．fromwhich10.Iwalkedinourgarden,___TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（2005遼寧）A．whichB．whenC．whereD．that11.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?（2005福建）—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.A．beforeB．whenC．thatD．until12.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?（2005福建）—Right,justtheone_________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．what13.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,__________hewentontoCambridge.（2005山東）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis14.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,__________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.2005浙江）A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it15._____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmorning.2005浙江）A.WhenB.afterC.AsD.Since16.Theplace___thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich（2005江蘇）17.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.（2005廣東）A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that18.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?(2005北京春)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what19.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?（2005福建）—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.A．beforeB．whenC．thatD．until20.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but___didn’thelp.（2005全國三）A．itB．sheC．whichD．he21.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(2006江蘇卷)A.who B.that C.as D.which22.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.（2006福建卷）

A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what23.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,________wegavesomebellsandglasses.（2006湖南）A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich24.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection

________

shehadcome.（2006重慶卷）

A.ofwhich

B.bywhichC.inwhich

D.fromwhich.25.——Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?（2006江西卷）——Yes，there’sonepoint________wemustinsistonA．why B．whereC．how D．/26.Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.（2006北京卷）A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填表;不填27.We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（2006山東卷）A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which28.SheaseducatedatBeijingUniversityA.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat（2006陜西卷）29.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.(2006浙江卷)A.ofthat B.ofwhich C.that D.which30.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.(2006遼寧卷)A.study;ofwhom B.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthem D.studying;ofwhom31.TheBeatles,manyofyouareoldenoughtoremembe