句法學(xué)（山東大學(xué)）智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年山東大學(xué)（威海）

句法學(xué)（山東大學(xué)）智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年山東大學(xué)（威海）InthesentenceJohniseasytoplease,Johnfunctionsasthesubjectandtakesanagentrole.（）

答案:錯InaDeterminerPhrase(DP),DisnotinthespecifierofNP.InsteadDheadsitsownphrase.（）

答案:對InthesentenceJohniseagertoplease,Johnfunctionsasthesubjectandtakesanexperiencerrole.（）

答案:對Thegrammarwhichcharacterizestheinnatepredispositiontolearnlanguageiscalledcognitivegrammar.（）

答案:錯SpecifierisaSistertoX'andadaughterofXP.（）

答案:對ModifiersinEnglishrefertothoseprepositionalphrasesusedaroundbothnounsandverbs.（）

答案:錯Anodec-commandsitssisterandallthedaughters(andgranddaughters,andgreat-granddaughters,etc.)ofitssister.（）

答案:對Deepstructurereferstotheunderlyinglevelofstructuralrelationsbetweendifferentconstitutesofasentence.（）

答案:對Syntacticcategoriesareconcreteconcepts.（）

答案:錯AccordingtoChomsky,I-languagereferstoasetofsentencesanativespeakerproduces.（）

答案:錯Thedifferencebetweentenseandaspectisthattheformerisdeictic,whilethelatterisnotdeictic.（）

答案:對Thespecifierofaphraseandthecomplementofthephrasehavesimilarstructuralrelationswithrespecttothehead.（）

答案:錯InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowtheverbbasedonthegrammaticalrule.（）

答案:對SometimesWh-movementdoesnotaffecttheheadcategoryInfl.（）

答案:對”kickingtheball”isanendocentricconstructionwith“kicking”asitshead.（）

答案:錯Unliketimeindicatedbytense,thetimeindicatedbyaspectisnotrelativetothetimeofutterance,butrelativetothetimeofanothereventdescribed.（）

答案:對Inthecourseofitsdevelopment,thefocusofgenerativegrammargraduallyshiftedfromlanguageitselftothenativespeaker’sknowledgeoflanguage.（）

答案:對Themaingoalofgenerativegrammaristoprovideacognitiveexplanationforthenatureofhumanlinguisticsystem.（）

答案:對InthecategoryofCP,letterCstandsforcomplementizer.（）

答案:對Transformational-generativegrammariscloselyassociatedwithNoamChomsky,particularlywithhisSyntacticStructures(1957).（）

答案:對Amongthefollowingrelations,（）areincludedinthethreeclassesofsyntacticrelations.

答案:positionalrelations###relationsofco-occurrence###relationsofsubstitutabilityThemajorconstituencytestsinclude（）.

答案:stand-alone###replacement###coordination###movementKnowledgeoftheruleswhich,usuallycalledgrammar,govern（）.

答案:pronunciation###wordformation###sentenceformationRaisingconstructionsareassociatedwithaparticularclassofverbscalledraisingverbs/predicatessuchas（）.

答案:seem###belikely###appear###becertainTheelementaroundwhichsentencesarebuiltaroundistermed（）.

答案:INFL###IApairofimportantconceptscloselyrelatedtoE-languageandI-languageare（）.

答案:performance###competenceThecriterionusedinICanalysisis（）.

答案:substitutabilityTherelationshipbetweencategoriesareexpressedintermsofrelationof（）.

答案:dominanceAmongthefollowingstatements,（）isINCORRECT.

答案:DPMovementreferstotheprocessofmovingaDPtoacomplementposition.Generativesyntaxproposedthatthe（）hadtheconstructionofNP+INFL+VPinEnglish.

答案:NoneoftheaboveAmongthefollowingstatements,（）isn’tincludedintheBindingPrinciples?

答案:Anantecedentandapronounmustrefertothesameentity.Bytherelationof（）onemeansthatwordsofdifferentsetsofclausesmaypermit,orrequire,theoccurrenceofawordofanothersetorclasstoformasentenceoraparticularpartofasentence.

答案:co-occurrenceAgrammarwhichconsistsofasetofruleswhichspecifywhichsequencesoflanguagearepossible,andwhichimpossible,isa（）grammar.

答案:generativeThebookinthesentenceJohngaveMarythebookintheclassroombearstherole（）.

答案:theme（）istosyntaxwhatphonemetophonologyandmorphemetomorphology.

答案:Syntacticcategory（）referstotheprocessinwhicharuletakesanX-bar-generatedstructureandchangesitinrestrictedways.

答案:ControlThegenerativeapproachtolinguisticsreferstothetheoryoriginatedwiththeAmericanlinguist（）,whopublishedhisbooksyntacticstructurein1957.

答案:NoamChomsky（）isacommonsyntacticpatterninEnglishandotherlanguagesformedbygroupingtogethertwoormorecategoriesofthesametypewiththehelpofaconjunctionsuchasand,orandbut.

答案:coordinationAuxiliaryisregardedastheheadofaclause,soAUXraisingisalsocalled（）movement.

答案:headSyntactically,theterm（）referstothewordthatgivesitscategorytothephrase.

答案:headThebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled（）.

答案:SyntaxThethemeofthesentenceJohngaveMarythebookintheclassroomis（）.

答案:thebookTherequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsinasyntacticrelationshipshouldagreewitheachotherintermsofnumberandgenderisknownas（）.

答案:concordTheterm（）structureindicatesthatconstituentsinasentenceareembeddedinsideofotherconstituents.

答案:hierarchicalICistheshortformofimmediate（）usedinthestudyofsyntax.

答案:constituentThenodethatdominateseverything,butisdominatedbynothingiscalledthe（）node.

答案:root（）LinkCondition(MLC)indicatesthatamovementmusttargetattheclosestpotentiallandingsite.

答案:MinimalThesentence“theywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoexposethemselves.”isa（）sentence.

答案:simpleInthecomplexsentence,theincorporatedorsubordinateclauseisnormallycalleda(n)（）clause.

答案:embeddedThestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguagewasstartedbytheSwisslinguist（）inthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.

答案:SaussureTheProjectionPrincipleindicatesthatthelexicalinformationofaparticularlexicalitemissyntacticallyrepresentedat（）.

答案:alllevelsThemotivationbehindWh-movementistochecka[+WH]feature.（）

答案:對Thethreetypesofmovementrulesdiscussedintransformationcanbecombinedintoonerule-（）.

答案:MoveInwh-movementthewh-phrasemovestothespecifierofCPsoastobelocalwitha（）feature.

答案:[WH]Withthetheoryofcovertmovement,itisreasonabletoassumethatWh-movementsdon’thappeninalllanguages.（）

答案:錯Wh-parametersayswh-movementdoesn’talwayshappenbeforeSPELLOUT.（）

答案:對Sentenceswithtwo（）havetwointerpretations,namelywide-scopeinterpretationandnarrow-scopeinterpretation.

答案:quantifiersMovementmightbedividedintoovertand（）movement.

答案:covertForsentenceswithtwoquantifiers,thenarrow-scopeinterpretationcanonlybeobtainedbyovertmovementinlogicalform.（）

答案:錯OnepurposeofDPmovementistocheckCasefeatures.（）

答案:對MLC,movingtotheclosestpotentiallandingsite,explainslocalityrestrictionsonmovement,suchastherequirementthatDPmovementalwaystargettheclosestCaseposition（）

答案:對（）LinkConditionsaysmovementmustalwaystargettheclosestpotentiallandingsite.

答案:MinimalMLC,movingtotheclosestpotentiallandingsite,doesn’texplainwh-islands.（）

答案:錯Wh-phrasesinrelativeclausesalsofollowstheWh-movementrule.（）

答案:對Theenvironmentsoutofwhichwh-movementcannotoccurcanbecalledislands.（）

答案:對Inrelativeclauses,thecomplementizerthatoftherelativeclauseisonlycompatiblewiththe（）,andwillbeinvisibleotherwise.

答案:operatorThemovementmotivationforWh-phrasesinrelativeclausesisnottocheckthe[+WH]feature,buttogetconnectedwiththe（）.

答案:antecedentWh-movementistriggeredbythepresenceofa[+Q]featureinC.（）

答案:錯Amongthefollowingenvironments,outof（）wh-movementcannotoccur.

答案:conjunctsincoordinationstructures###ComplexDPs###subjects###CPswithawh-wordintheirspecifierItisunreasonabletoassumethatsyntacticmovementmustalwaystargetthenearestpotentialposition.（）

答案:錯Wh-movementtargetswh-phrasesandmovesthemtothespecifierofCPs.（）

答案:對Wh-movementistomoveawh-phrasetothe（）ofCPtochecka[+WH]featureinC.

答案:specifierWh-movementcanhappeninsidetheembeddedclausesbutcannotextendintothemainclauses.（）

答案:錯InSVOlanguages,nominativeCaseisassignedwhentheDPisimmediatelyc-commandedbyfiniteT.（）

答案:錯ThedifferencebetweenSVOlanguageslikeEnglishandVSOlanguageslikeIrishisinwherenominativeCaseisassigned.（）

答案:對AllsubjectDPsmovetotheinitialpositionofasentencetogetCase.（）

答案:錯ActiveverbscanassignaccusativeCasebutpassiveverbscannot.（）

答案:對Thethemeisgeneratedinthemainverb’s（）positioninbothactivesandpassives.

答案:complementRaisingoperationmeanstoraiseaDPfromthelowerclausetothehigher.（）

答案:對Inapassivesentence,thesubjectisassignedthe（）rolebythemainverb.

答案:themeTheCaseFiltersaysthataDPthatdoesn’tgetcasewillleadtothecrashofthesentence.（）

答案:對IntheCasetheoryofChomsky(1981),（）Caseisassignedasasistertotheverb.

答案:accusativeIntheCasetheoryofChomsky(1981),nominativeCaseisassignedinthe（）offiniteT.

答案:specifierTheCaseFiltersaysthatsomeDPsmustbemarkedwithacase.（）

答案:錯ItistotallyunreasonabletoassumethattheabsenceofasubjectisthetriggerforDPmovement.（）

答案:錯IntheCasetheoryofChomsky(1981),DPsaregivenCaseifandonlyiftheyappearinspecificpositionsinthesentence.（）

答案:對DPMovementmovesaDPtoaspecifierposition.（）

答案:對EnglishonlyallowstheauxiliaryverbtoberaisedtoT.（）

答案:對Whenthereisnoauxiliaryverb,thereisnophoneticcontentintheTposition,andthentheT→Cmovementcannotbecompletedtoformaquestion.（）

答案:對（）RulesareasetofruleswhichtaketheoutputofX-barrulesandchangethemintodifferentstructures.

答案:TransformationalTransformationalrulestransformthedeepstructureintosurfacestructurebymovementandinsertion.（）

答案:對TheV→Tmovementcanexplainwhyadverbsoffrequencyandnegativeadverbsappearbetweentheheadandthe（）.

答案:complementX-bartheoryiscapableofgeneratingallgrammaticalsentences.（）

答案:錯Verbmovementparametersaysthatallverbsraiseoronlymainverbsraise.（）

答案:錯V→TmovementmeanstomovetheheadVtotheheadT.（）

答案:對Insertionrulesputsomethingnewintothebeginningofasentence.（）

答案:錯T→Cmovementhasa（）motivationandissimilarinsomewaystoV→Tmovement.

答案:phonologicalTheVP-internalsubjecthypothesissaysthatthesubjectisgeneratedatthe（）ofthevoiceauxiliaryphrase.

答案:specifierWhenthereisnootheroptionforsupportinginflectionalaffixes,wecaninsertthedummyverb（）intoT.

答案:doModalverbsactuallybelongtoTense.（）

答案:對DifferentkindsofcomplementizersselectfordifferentkindsofTP.（）

答案:對（）timemeanstheeventtimeisthesameastheassertiontime.

答案:presentEnglishseemstohavemultipleverbsbe,atleasttwoverbshave,butonlyoneverbdo.（）

答案:錯Differentkindsofdeterminersallplacerestrictionsondifferentkindsofnounstheycantakeascomplements.（）

答案:對（）tensemeanstheeventtimeisaftertheassertiontime.

答案:FutureComplexverbformsaregeneratedbycombiningaffixesintheorderoftense,aspect,voice,andmainverb.（）

答案:對Verbsonlyselectforspecificthetaroles,theydon’tselectfordifferentfeaturesofCPs.（）

答案:錯（）referstothetimeofaneventrelativetothetimeatwhichthesentenceiseitherspokenorwritten.

答案:TenseModalverbsarein（）distributionwithauxiliaries.

答案:complementary（）tensemeanstheeventtimeisbeforetheassertiontime.

答案:PastThetarolesassignedtothesubjectarealsocalled（）thetaroles.

答案:externalAnythetarolecanbeassignedtomorethanoneargument.（）

答案:錯Theoppositeofagoalisthe（）,theentityfromwhichamotionoriginates.

答案:sourceThetarolesrefertobundlesofthematicrelationsthatclusteronanargument.（）

答案:對（）statesthatlexicalinformationissyntacticallyrepresentedatalllevels.

答案:ProjectionPrincipleExtendedProjectionPrinciple(EPP)meansthatallclausesmusthavesubjectsandlexicalinformationisexpressedatalllevels.（）

答案:對Theoneforwhosebenefitaneventtookplaceiscalledthedoer.（）

答案:錯Thetarolesassignedtotheobjectsarecalled（）thetaroles.

答案:internalEachargumentisassignedoneandonlyonethetarole.（）

答案:對（）requiresthattherebeastrictone-to-onematchingbetweenthenumberandkindofthetarolesandthenumberandkindofarguments.

答案:ThetacriterionTheentitiestowardswhichmotiontakesplaceiscalleda(n)（）.

答案:goalThematicrelationareparticularsemantictermsusedtodescribetherolethata(n)（）playswithrespecttothepredicate.

答案:argumentRecipientonlyoccurswithverbsthatdenoteachangeofpossession（）

答案:對Theplacewheretheactionoccursiscalledthe（）.

答案:locationSubcategorialselectionandselectionalrestrictionshavenothingtodowithconstrainingthegeneratingpowerofX-bartheory.（）

答案:錯Entitiesthatundergoactionsoraremoved,experienced,orperceivedarecalled（）.

答案:themesX-bartheoryisnotperfect.Itover-generatessomeungrammaticalsentencesanditneedstoberestricted.（）

答案:對Theobjectwithwhichanactionisperformediscalledtheinstrument.（）

答案:對Argumentsthatfeelorperceiveeventsarecalled（）.

答案:experiencersThematically,theinitiatorordoerofanactioniscalledthe（）.

答案:agentComplementizerexistsineveryclause,whetheritisarootclauseoranembeddedone,orwhetheritisaquestionorastatement.（）

答案:對InEnglish,toformayes/noquestionyoueitherinsertsomeformoftheverbdo(do,does,did)beforethesubject,oryou（）thesubjectandtheauxiliary.

答案:invertClauseswithoutatensedverbarecallednon-finiteclausesortenselessclauses.（）

答案:對Tenseexistsineveryclause,anditcanbeanalyzedeitherthroughaffixhoppingorbyNullT.（）

答案:對Clauseswithpredicatesthataretensedarecalled（）,ortensedclauses.

答案:finiteclausesClauseswithinclausesarecalled（）.

答案:embeddedclausesInX-bartheory,DwillhaveitsownprojectionDP,andneitherTnorCisanoptionalpartinTPorCP.（）

答案:對DPhypothesissaysdeterminerheadsitsownphrasalprojectionandtheNPisitscomplement.（）

答案:對Aclauseisessentiallya（）andapredicatephrase.

答案:subjectAnothernameforembeddedclausesissubordinateclause.（）

答案:對Aclausethatcanstandonitsowniscalleda（）clause,alsocalledmainclause.

答案:rootPredicatephraseisagroupofwordsthatassignapropertytotheobject.（）

答案:錯PossessiveNPsprovideevidenceforDPhypothesis.（）

答案:對InX-bartheory,determinersarestillconsideredthespecifierofNP.（）

答案:錯Embeddedclausescanalsobedistinguishedaccordingtothepositionstheyoccupyinthesentence,suchas（）.

答案:specifierclauses###adjunctclauses###complementclausesWecanusuallyreorderadjunctswithrespecttooneanother,butwecanneverreorderacomplementwiththeadjuncts.（）

答案:對InX-barframework,tree-drawingrequiresthatourlinkingmuststartwiththemodifiersclosesttothehead.（）

答案:對WhendrawingatreeinX-barframework,wemustkeepinmindthatsomeoftheX-barrulesareoptional.（）

答案:錯One-replacementappliestoadjuncts,nottocomplements.（）

答案:對One-replacementappliesbothtoAdjunctsandComplements.（）

答案:錯IntheX-barframework,therearethreeimportantnodesspecifier,complementandadjunct.（）

答案:錯InX-bartheory,theXissometimescalledtheminimalprojection.（）

答案:對Wecanusuallyreorderacomplementwiththeadjuncts.（）

答案:錯SpecifiercanbedefinedasanXPthatisasistertoanX’level,andadaughterofanotherXP.（）

答案:對X-bartheoryisanattempttocaptureallthosesimilaritiesamongtherules.（）

答案:對ThecomplementPPwillalwaysbeclosertotheheadthananadjunctPPwillbe.（）

答案:對（）referstoanXPthatisasistertoahead(N,V,A,orP)andadaughterofasinglebarlevel(N',V',A',orP’).

答案:complementTheadjunctruleX’→X’(ZP)showsthepropertyof（）.

答案:recursion（）referstoanXPthatisasistertoasinglebarlevel(N',V',A',orP')andadaughterofasinglebarlevel(N',V',A',orP’).

答案:adjunctAllnon-headmaterialsinX-barrulesareneitherphrasalnoroptional.（）

答案:錯Theonlyobligatoryelementinaphraseisthecomplement.（）

答案:錯XPsarecalledmaximalprojectionsandtheN’sarecalled（）projections.

答案:intermediateTheonlyobligatoryelementinaphraseisthe（）.

答案:headConstituencytestspointtowardsamorecomplicatedstructureofphrasesinsteadofthe（）structure.

答案:flatAlltypesofphrasesinvolveaninternalhierarchicalstructurewiththebarlevel.（）

答案:對A（）isthemostprominentelementinaphrasalcategoryandgivesitspartofspeechcategorytothewholephrase.

答案:headTherewasanintermediatelevelintheinternalstructureofNPs.（）

答案:對One-replacementmeanstoreplaceanNPwithone.（）

答案:錯Therequirementthatphrasesareheadediscalled（）.

答案:endocentricityDo-so-(ordid-so-)replacementmeanstoreplaceaVnodewithdo-so.（）

答案:錯Ananaphormustbefreeinitsbindingdomain.（）

答案:錯AnNPthatgivesitsmeaningtoanothernouninthesentenceiscalledthe（）ofthatnoun.

答案:antecedentBindingdomainmightbedefinedastheclausecontainingtheNP.（）

答案:對Apronounmustbeboundinitsbindingdomain.（）

答案:錯R-expressionsgettheirmeaningbyreferringtovariousentitiesintheworld.（）

答案:對Ananaphormay,butneednot,getitsmeaningfromanotherNPinthesentence.（）

答案:錯AnNPthatobligatorilygetsitsmeaningfromanotherNPinthesentenceiscalleda(n)（）.

答案:anaphorBindinghasnothingtodowithcoindexation.（）

答案:錯AnNPthatmay,butneednot,getitsmeaningfromanotherwordinthesentenceiscalled（）.

答案:pronounTwoNPsaresaidtobecoindexediftheyhavethesameindex.（）

答案:對AnNPthatgetsitsmeaningbyreferringtoanentityintheworldcanbecalled（）.

答案:referringexpression###R-expressionThesyntacticspaceinwhichananaphormustfinditsantecedentiscalledabinding（）.

答案:domainApronounmustgetitsmeaningfromanotherwordinthesentence.（）

答案:錯ThesyntactictheorydealingwiththesemanticrestrictionsonthepositionsoccupiedbyNPsinasentenceiscalled（）theory.

答案:bindingWhentwonodesc-commandeachother,itiscalled（）c-command.

答案:symmetricGovernmentcanberegardedasaspecialtypeofc-command:immediateasymmetricc-command.（）

答案:對NodeAgovernsnodeBifAc-commandsB,andthereisnonodeGwhichisc-commandedbynodeAandnodeGasymmetricallyc-commandsnodeB.（）

答案:對NodeAdominatesnodeBaslongasAishigherupinthetreethanB.（）

答案:錯Anodewithnobranchunderneathitiscalled（）node.

答案:terminalNodeAsister-precedesnodeBaslongastheyarebothimmediatelydominatedbythesamenode.（）

答案:錯Anodec-commandsitssistersandallthedaughtersandgranddaughtersofitssisters.（）

答案:對Themaintypesofstructuralrelationsbetweendifferentnodesinatreeinclude（）.

答案:coordination###precedence###dominationAlineconnectingtwopartsofatreeissyntacticallycalledabranch.（）

答案:對NodeAc-commandsnodeBifeverynodedominatingAalsodominatesB.（）

答案:錯Anodewithnolineontopofitiscalled（）node.

答案:rootTechnically,constituentcanbedefinedasasetofterminalnodesexhaustively（）byaparticularnode.

答案:dominatedNodeAimmediatelydominatesnodeBifthereisnointerveningnodeGthatisdominatedbyA,butdominatesnodeB.（）

答案:對Structureisthewayinwhichthepartsofsomethingareconnectedtogether,arrangedororganized.（）

答案:對Therearetwoapproachestodrawatreetodemonstratethestructureofasentence:top-downandbottom-up.（）

答案:對Toshowtheinternalstructureofsentencesinaformalway，wehavetwoapproaches:treesandbrackets.（）

答案:對Drawingbracketeddiagramsessentiallyfollowsdifferentprinciplesastreedrawing.（）

答案:錯ThelaststepofdrawingatreeistogobackandcheckeachlevelinordertomakesuretheyaregeneratedbythePhraseStructureRules.（）

答案:對Thenotionstocapturetheinternalstructureofsentencesare（）structureandconstituents.

答案:hierarchicalTopicalizationisaprocesswherebyanNPgetsmovedtothefrontofthemainverb.（）

答案:錯Syntactictreesallowustocapturetheambiguityofasentence.（）

答案:對Thefirststeptodrawabottom-uptreeistoidentifywhatmodifieswhat.（）

答案:錯Inasentence,certainwordsaremorecloselyconnectedthanothersandfunctionasasingleunit.（）

答案:對Thetechnicaltermforthesubtypesofaspeechcat