初升高英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之定語(yǔ)從句入門(mén)

TheAttributiveClauseInthisclass,youwill1.recognizetherestrictiverelativeclausesandunderstandtheuseofrelativepronouns;2.summarizetheformandfunctionsofrestrictiverelativeclauses;3.userestrictiverelativeclausestodescribepicturesofdisasters.LearningobjectivesTranslatethesentencesintoChinese1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanicerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.定語(yǔ)（attribute）

定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞）、副詞、不定式（短語(yǔ)）以及介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)，也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)功能的句子稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系很緊奏，對(duì)其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句在形式上就與主句很松散，它與主句之間有一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)"，"隔開(kāi)先行詞（Antecedent）

定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分關(guān)系代詞that人/物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)which物/事主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)whose人/物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因名詞（thereason)原因狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞that

的用法that指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，但that不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。約翰不再是我五年前認(rèn)識(shí)的那個(gè)約翰了。JohnisnolongerthepersonthatIknewfiveyearsago.那個(gè)用英語(yǔ)和蒂娜講話的男孩是誰(shuí)？WhoistheboythatistalkingtoTinainEnglish?Which的用法Which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)which可省略。which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中既可指代主句中的名詞/代詞，也可指代整個(gè)主句，且不可省略。Heislookingforashopwhich/thatsellstoys.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Ispentsometimegoingtravelling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.who,whom的用法二者都用于指人Who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。Whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。但若介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前只用whom不用who，且不能省略Thegirlwhom/thatheistalkingtoisamodel.TheTVorganisershadplannedtofindfourmusicianswho/thatcouldactaswellassing.用who不用that的情況1.先行詞是指人的代詞時(shí)，如one,ones,anyone,those等Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2.先行詞為人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用whoHewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Whose的用法Whose既可指人也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示從屬關(guān)系，意為“......的”Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.=Ilivenextdoortoacouplethechildrenofwhomoftenmakealotofnoise.=Ilivenextdoortoacoupleofwhomthechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.Exercise:1.Herearesomeofthepeople_____homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_____wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_____theycouldfind.whosewhothat/4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_____hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy_____motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby_____shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy_____savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?which/thatwhosewhomwho練習(xí)一：根據(jù)提示詞，把下列簡(jiǎn)單句合并成定語(yǔ)從句1.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace.(who)2.Thepicturewasbeautiful.Shewaslookingatit.(that/which)3.Themanisstandingoverthere.Itoldyouabouthim.(whom)4.I'vereceivedthebook.Myfathersentittome.(that/which)Thegirlis

happy

who

wontheraceThepicturewasbeautifulthat/whichshewaslookingatThemanisstandingovertherewhomItoldyouaboutI‘vereceivedthebookthat/whichmyfathersenttome練習(xí)二、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1.Isthistheman_____youtalkedaboutyesterday?2.Showmethebook_____youspokeoftheotherday.3.Isthisthemuseum_____arousesmanypeople'sinterest?4.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.whomwhichthatwhichWorkwithapartner.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclause(限制性定語(yǔ)從句）.1.What