2024年安徽省中考九年級英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 詞句微技能

詞句微技能“熟詞生義”是學(xué)生正確理解語篇內(nèi)容的難點(diǎn)之一。不懂“熟詞”的“生義”會影響閱讀速度和對全文的準(zhǔn)確理解，造成理解偏差。因此，學(xué)生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)積累常見的熟詞生義。微技能1利用語境猜測熟詞生義(一)詞匯微技能微技能突破例Lastweek,myschoolannounced(宣布)aspeechcompetition,andabout35studentsenteredthecompetition.Ialsotookpartinitanddecidedtomakeittothefinalround,butIknewIneededtodoalotofpreparations.IpracticedeverydayandaskedmyEnglishteacherforsuggestions.Finally,Iwasreadyforthecompetition.1.Theunderlinedword“entered”means“________”．A.進(jìn)來

B.報(bào)名

C.提出

D.登錄剖析：本題考查的是enter的“生義”。enter的“基本義”是“進(jìn)來”，在這里結(jié)合語境引申為“報(bào)名，參加”。故選B。技能精講大多數(shù)多義詞的“生義”和其“熟義”具有緊密的聯(lián)系，學(xué)生除平時積累并記憶單詞的意思之外，還需要養(yǎng)成借助“熟義”和語境提示去推測“生義”的思維習(xí)慣，就能迅速精準(zhǔn)地推測出“生義”。方法指導(dǎo)EveryyearinJune,therearecelebrationsalloverthecountrytomarkMid-SummerDay.IttakesplaceonSaturdaynearesttomidsummer.Inourneighborhood,everyonegetstogethertojoininthefun.1.Theunderlinedword“mark”inthepassagemeans“________”．A.慶祝

B.標(biāo)記

C.表明

D.弄污對點(diǎn)微練A英語中很多單詞的構(gòu)成形式是有規(guī)律的，掌握單詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律有助于理解和記憶詞匯。英語常見的構(gòu)詞法有合成法、派生法和轉(zhuǎn)化法。更多構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則詳見右側(cè)二維碼。微技能2

利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義例1Inyesterday'ssoccergame,Iwasthegoalkeeper.Ihadneverdoneitinamatchbefore.Asthegamebegan,theballheadedtowardsthegoal.Ihesitated(猶豫)atfirst,butthenItriedtostoptheshot.Witheachsave,myconfidencegrew.1.文中畫線單詞的漢語意思是：________。剖析：本題考查合成詞“goalkeeper”，可拆分為goal和keeper，goal“進(jìn)球，球門”；keeper“看守人”，結(jié)合語境可知，此處“goalkeeper”意為“球門看守人”，也就是“守門員”。技能精講1.合成法若生詞是由兩個獨(dú)立且語義不同的單詞復(fù)合而成，學(xué)生可通過分析兩個組成部分的詞義并結(jié)合語境推出詞義，并將詞義代入語境，核驗(yàn)是否正確。如blackboard由形容詞black“黑色的”和名詞board“板”構(gòu)成，可推測出詞義為“黑板”。方法指導(dǎo)例2Lastweek,wevisitedthesciencemuseum.Welearntaboutscientificideasthroughtheexhibition，whichhelpedusdiscovermoreabouttheworld.Itwasanunforgettableexperience!2.文中畫線單詞的漢語意思是：________。剖析：畫線單詞由forget“忘記”、前綴un-和后綴-able構(gòu)成，un-前綴表示否定含義，-able后綴表示其具有形容詞的詞性，結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示這次經(jīng)歷是難忘的。2.派生法學(xué)生通過積累并熟記初中階段常見前綴和后綴的含義，推測生詞含義。通常情況下，加前綴不改變詞性，僅改變詞義。常見前綴加un-，dis-，im-等表示否定，與原單詞構(gòu)成反義詞。加后綴一般會改變詞性，但詞義基本不變。方法指導(dǎo)例3MinaMayisaBritishstudent.ShegoestoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.ButonSaturdays,Minaworks.She'sanillustrator(插圖畫家)forchildren'sbooks.ThebooksareaboutagirlnamedWendyQuill.2.文中畫線單詞的漢語意思是：________。剖析：此處“named”作動詞，name作名詞時意為“名字”，結(jié)合語境可知，此處指名字叫作WendyQuill的女孩。3.轉(zhuǎn)化法單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后往往與單詞基本義聯(lián)系密切，學(xué)生通過判斷詞性，結(jié)合語境對詞義進(jìn)行推測。如：Thegirliswateringtheflower.分析句子可知畫線詞為動詞，結(jié)合water的基本義“水”可推知此處意為“澆水”。方法指導(dǎo)WhenPablowaselevenyearsold,hethoughtofanideaforaproductcalledtheWordwatch.Pabloneededhisuncle'shelptocreatethisinventionbecauseheneededthehelpofacomputerprogrammer.UncleTim①shoulderedthejobofprogramming.TheyfiguredouthowtomakeWordwatches.

1.文中畫線單詞①的漢語意思是：________。對點(diǎn)微練承擔(dān)Likemostwatches,aWordwatchshowsthetime.However,unlikeotherwatches,theWordwatchalsoshowsaword.PabloandUncleTiminvitedateachertoresearchwhichwordsshouldbeusedintheWordwatch.Theteachermadedifferentlistsofwordsfordifferentages.Thewatchesfornine-year-oldstudentshavesimplerwordsthantheonesforhigh-schoolstudents.Afterayear,aWordwatchownermaycallthe②hotlineandtheprogrammerstherewillreprogramitwithnewvocabulary.2.文中畫線單詞②的漢語意思是：________。熱線Atthebeginning,peoplehada③misunderstandingaboutthiskindofwatch.ButmoreandmorestudentsfindPablo'sinventionirreplaceable(不可替代的)becauseitcanhelpthemspellmanydifficultwordsandreadbetter.Wordwatchesappeartobesoldverywellthesedays.3.文中畫線單詞③的漢語意思是：________誤解(二)句子微技能在語篇閱讀中，我們有時熟知詞匯卻無法理解文章。這時，我們可以通過觀察話語標(biāo)記語捋清文章邏輯順序、分析長難句來理解句子成分以準(zhǔn)確理解句意；同時，在語篇題型設(shè)置中，正確選項(xiàng)常常是原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，熟悉常見同義轉(zhuǎn)換能在一定程度上提高得分率。微技能突破微技能1話語標(biāo)記語識別話語標(biāo)記語在語篇中起銜接作用，表明句子內(nèi)部、句子之間以及段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，形成語篇的連貫性與條理性。熟知話語標(biāo)記語對理順文章結(jié)構(gòu)、預(yù)測和推理文章內(nèi)容、理解篇章乃至提高閱讀能力都有很大的幫助。例Inmyscienceclass,everyonehadtogiveanimportantpresenta-tion(報(bào)告).Mostofthefinalgradefortheclasswoulddependonthepresentation,1._______theteacheraskedustoprepareforitcarefully.Theteachertoldustoincludegraphic(圖表的)information.TherewereafewthingsIdidn'tunderstand2.________Ididn'tlistencarefullyinclass.AsIprepared,Ineitheraskedanyquestionsnoraskedforhelp.Intheend,Ididn'tusegraphs.Thepresentationwasterrible.Ialmostfailedtheclass.Sincethen,IhavechangedthewayIprepare.Now,IaskquestionswhenIdon'tunderstandanything,3.________IalsoaskforhelpwhenIneedit.Itwasahardlessontolearn,butnowIamabetterstudent.技能精講1.1題空處前后表示______關(guān)系，故符合文意的連詞為：______。2.2題空處前后表示______關(guān)系，故符合文意的連詞為：______。3.3題空處前后表示______關(guān)系，故符合文意的連詞為：______。剖析：“這個課的期末成績大部分將取決于報(bào)告”與“老師讓我們認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備”為因果關(guān)系，前因后果，應(yīng)用連詞so。剖析：“我不理解一些東西”與“我上課沒認(rèn)真聽講”為因果關(guān)系，前果后因，應(yīng)用連詞because/since/for/as。剖析：“我不懂的時候就提問”與“我需要幫助的時候也尋求幫助”為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and。學(xué)生應(yīng)多積累常見的話語標(biāo)記語，了解文章中句子內(nèi)部、句子之間和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而加深對文章的理解。初中常見的話語標(biāo)記語有：(1)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however；(2)對比關(guān)系：unlike，while，ratherthan...；(3)并列關(guān)系：like,or,inotherwords，thatistosay,justas,and,also,aswellas...；方法指導(dǎo)(4)因果關(guān)系：①表原因：because,since,for,as,becauseof,thanksto...；②表結(jié)果：so,therefore，sothat，so/such...that...；(5)選擇關(guān)系：or,either；(6)讓步關(guān)系：though,although,evenif/though。Lastyear,Itookpartina100-meterrunningevent.Irantheslowestandcameinlast.Itwasaterribleperformance.WhatdidIdo?Ibegantoruneveryday.Moreover,Iexercisedtoimprovemystrength.Thetrainingprocesswashard,1.________Istucktoit.Gradually,Ibecamemuchstrongerandranmuchfaster.Finally,afterweeksofpractice,Itookpartinanothershortrace,andIwonfirstplace!1.空處前后表示________關(guān)系，故符合文意的連詞為：________。對點(diǎn)微練

轉(zhuǎn)折but微技能2長難句分析例

Thetalentedmusician,whohaswonmanyawardsforhisexcellentperformances,willgiveaconcertnextmonth.Step1：提主干：Themusician(主語)willgive(謂語)aconcert(賓語)Step2：析成分：①主語部分：talented修飾主語musician；②定語從句中：who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾musician(先行詞)；從句主干為who(主語)haswon(謂語)awards(賓語)；many修飾賓語awards；forhisexcellentperformances作原因狀語；③狀語成分：nextmonth作句子的時間狀語。技能精講分析長難句時，可參考以下步驟：Step1：提主干：找出句子主語、謂語和賓語或主語、系動詞和表語；Step2：析成分：若是復(fù)合句，先根據(jù)連詞、關(guān)系詞等分清句子層次；然后分別分析每個簡單句的句子成分。方法指導(dǎo)1.Jackissuchacreativeboythatheoftencreatesusefulthingstomakehislifeeasy.(請分析句子成分)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________對點(diǎn)微練提主干：Jack(主語)is(系動詞)aboy(表語)；析成分：①主句：creative修飾名詞boy；②such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句：he(主語)creates(謂語)things(賓語)，often為時間狀語；useful修飾名詞things；tomakehislifeeasy作目的狀語。微技能3同義轉(zhuǎn)換例

InA．D.105,CaiLunimprovedthepaper-makingskill.Writingswereusuallymadeonpieceso