英語-并列連詞和狀語從句-課件

1并列連詞1.并列連詞可以連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的(或平行的)詞、短語或句子,常用的并列連詞有：⑴表示聯(lián)合:and(同,和),when(就在這時(shí)),notonly...but(also)...(不僅……而且……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……).2024/6/142⑵表示選擇:or(或者,否則),otherwise(否則),orelse(否則),either...or(不是……就是)⑶表示轉(zhuǎn)折:but(但是,可是,只是因?yàn)?,yet(可是),not...but...(不是……而是……)⑷表示因果:for(因?yàn)?和so(所以,因此)⑸表示對(duì)比:while(而,卻)2024/6/1432.三點(diǎn)注意：

⑴so不與because連用。⑵but,while不與although連用,但yet,still可與although連用。⑶notonly...butalso...連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí),前一分句用部分倒裝。2024/6/144類型從屬連詞時(shí)間狀語從句when(當(dāng)……時(shí)),while(在……期間)，as(隨著,一邊……一邊……),before,after,since,till/until,whenever,assoonas,themoment等原因狀語從句because(因?yàn)?,as(由于),since(既然),now(that)(既然),seeing(that)(由于,鑒于),considering(that)(考慮到),giventhat等1.引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞：狀語從句2024/6/145條件狀語從句(as...)as,(notas/so...)as,than等目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthat,incase，lest(免得,以防)等結(jié)果狀語從句sothat(以致,結(jié)果)so/such...that等地點(diǎn)狀語從句where(在……的地方),wherever(在……的任何地方)等比較狀語從句(as...)as,(notas/so...)as,than等2024/6/146方式狀語從句as(按照,像……那樣),asif或asthough(好像)讓步狀語從句although,though,as,while(雖然),evenif/though(即使),whatever,wherever,however,whenever(=nomatterwhen無論何時(shí)),whether...or...(無論……還是……)時(shí)間狀語從句找出下列句中的時(shí)間狀語1.Shewasbornin1989.2.IwaswatchingTVat8:00lastnight.3.Iwentouttheclassroomatonce.4.Hehasbeenasoldiersince1941.9時(shí)間狀語從句的位置ShecouldspeakEnglishwhenshewas6.Whenshewas6,shecouldspeakEnglish.句首，句尾均可句尾，不用逗號(hào)句首，加逗號(hào)與主句隔開連接詞when的用法1when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是表短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞(非延續(xù)性)。Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseashore.2

when表示“就在這時(shí)”

在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生，另一動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。beabouttodo…when…bedoing…when…Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmomcamein.連接詞while的用法1.while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，在……期間，往往指一段時(shí)間。如：Whileweweretalking,hecamein.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.

3.while可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于although。※while含義：WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_______)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.(while=_______)WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=___________)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=_______________)whenalthoughaslongasbut15as

隨著…/在…同時(shí)

As

the

sun

rose,

the

fog

disappeared.太陽一出來霧就消散。They

came

into

the

garden

as

the

music

stopped.音樂聲一停，他們就走進(jìn)花園。16as

一邊…一邊…

He

smiled

as

he

passed.他路過的時(shí)候笑了一下。

He

saw

that

she

was

smiling

as

she

wasreading.他看到她一邊看著書一邊笑。

17Sumup:

when，while，as區(qū)別

一、

when+延續(xù)動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞；

while只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；表一段時(shí)間（長情景）

as+延續(xù)動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞（隨著…,…邊…邊…)（短情景）18when,whileoras?①Sorry，Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme．（call為短暫性動(dòng)詞）對(duì)不起，你打電話時(shí)我剛好外出了。②Strikewhiletheironishot．趁熱打鐵。

（is為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)③Thestudentstooknotesastheylistened．（listen為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。19when,whileoras？二、when從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生；while和as從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

1.動(dòng)作一先一后發(fā)生，用when①Whenhehadfinishedhishomework，hetookashortrest．當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。②WhenIgottotheairport，theguestshadleft．當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。212．從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when，while，as都可使用。

①When／While／Asweweredancing，astrangercamein．當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。②When／While／Asshewasmakingaphonecall，Iwaswritingaletter．當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫信。

223．當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，表示“隨著……”；“一邊……，一邊……”之意時(shí)，只能用

as。①Asthetimewenton，theweathergotworse.隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得越來越糟糕。②Thelittlegirlssangastheywent．小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。

234．在將來時(shí)從句中，常用when，且從句須用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。

①Iwilllendyouthebookwhenhereturnsit．他把書還我，我就借給你。②Whenthemanagercomeshereforavisitnextweek，I‘lltalkwithhimaboutthis．下周，經(jīng)理來這參觀時(shí)，我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/p>

till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句1.肯定句：…till/until…直到…表某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)間才停止（主句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）Ihavetostayhereuntiltherainstops.IwatchedTVuntilmymotherreturnedlastnight.2.否定句not…until…直到…才…(not可以用表示否定意義的詞代替，比如never,nothing,seldom等)表示某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)間才開始（主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞）Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.

注意1.till不可以置于句首，until可以eg:UntiltheclassisoverIreadthebook.2.notuntil在句子開頭時(shí)要用倒裝NotuntilyoutoldmedidIknowthetruth.271.表示時(shí)間的名詞短語：1)一些含有time的名詞短語，如every

time,

each

time,

next

time,

anytime,the

first

time等，以及the

day,

the

year,

the

morning等。The

day

he

returned

home,

his

father

was

already

dead.

Next

time

you

come,

please

bring

your

composition.

282)名詞短語the

moment,

the

minute,

the

instant,

thesecond等也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)

間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as

soon

as的意思。He

jumped

off

the

couch

the

moment

the

telephone

rang.

TheinstantIsawher,Irecognizedher.292.

immediately,

directly,

instantly用作連詞,

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于assoonas.

They

phoned

me

immediately

they

reached

home.Directlyyoufeelanypains,youmustgotothedoctor.before用作連詞

1．before用作連詞時(shí)，意思是“在……之前；還沒來得及……就”。例如：

BeforeIcouldsayaword,shehadrushedoutoftheroom.

不等我說一句話，她就沖出了房間。

Don’tcountyourchickensbefore

theyarehatched.

不要高興得過早。

2．用于It+willbe+時(shí)間段+before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。例如：

ItwillbefiveyearsbeforeIcomeback.

如果主句中用否定式，則表示“不多久……就”。

Itwon’tbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother.

3．還有“趁……（還沒有）”之意。例如：

Theyarethinkingofbuyingthehousebeforethepricesgoup.

Doitbeforeyouforgetit.

二、before用作介詞

before用作介詞時(shí),可以指時(shí)間“earlierthan在……之前”，也可以指位置“infrontof在……之前”。SeveralweekshadgonebybeforeIrealizedit.在我意識(shí)到之前幾周已經(jīng)過去了。

Hewasbroughtbeforethejudge.

他被帶到法官面前。

三、before用作副詞

before用作副詞時(shí)，意思是“atanearliertime/inthepast以前”。例如：

I’veseenthefilmTitanicbefore.我以前看過《泰坦尼克》這部電影。

beforelong“很快，不久”各種時(shí)態(tài)

longbefore“很久以前”一般用在過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)

①Beforelong,hewenttoAmerica.不久他就去了美國。

Ihopetoseeyoubeforelong.我希望不久后再見到你。

②Shesaidshehadreadthenovellong

before.她說她很久以前就讀過這部小說。

考點(diǎn):易混淆句型itis+時(shí)間+sincebeforewhenthatItisfiveyears_____hehasfinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyearslater_______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwas5o’clock_____hegothome.Itwasat5o’clock_____hegothome.whenthatsincebeforethat1.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater

___Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that2.Itwasnearlyamonth_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.

before3.Itwasnearly9o’clock_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.

4.Itwasnearlyat9o’clock

_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.

whenthatSince用法一.用作介詞，意思是“從……以來，自從”，常與完成時(shí)連用。

Ihaven’twrittenhomesinceChristmas自圣誕節(jié)以來，我未曾寫信回家。二.用作副詞，意思是“從那時(shí)以后(一直到現(xiàn)在)”，“其后(到現(xiàn)在之間)”;eversince從那以后一直(更加強(qiáng)調(diào)since的用法)。Thingshavenotchangedverymuchsince.從那時(shí)起，情況并沒有太大的改變。Hisfirstbookwasagreatsuccessandhehasbeenfamousasawritereversince.他的第一本書非常暢銷，從那時(shí)起他就成了一位名作家。2.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，此用法較復(fù)雜。(1)若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞(如go，come，leave，start，begin等)的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從該動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.自從來到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。(2)若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如live，stay，study，learn，smoke，be等)的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如：Ihaven'theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.從他離開這兒起，我一直沒有收到他的信。試翻譯比較：HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIfellill.(3)若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(說話時(shí)刻)，其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如：HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIhavebeenill.havebeenill表示狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性（理解時(shí)注意與⑴區(qū)別），時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開始生病”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為：“自從我生病以來，他經(jīng)常給我寫信?！?/p>

試比較翻譯：I'vewrittenher20letterssinceIhavebeenhere.(從開始算起)I'vewrittenher20letterssinceIwashere.(從結(jié)束算起)

(4)Itis+段時(shí)間+since.../Ithasbeen+段時(shí)間+since...表示“從……起已有多長時(shí)間了”。用法注意：since從句中常用一般過去時(shí)，若從句中是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，則表示該動(dòng)作結(jié)束有多長時(shí)間了。Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他不吸煙已有3年了。

Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Once作連詞時(shí)，也相當(dāng)于assoonas，但它含有的條件意味更濃，它引導(dǎo)的從句較短。everytime,eachtime每次whenever每當(dāng)Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.bythetime

bythetime也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“到…時(shí)為止”，主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。Ishallhavefinishedmyworkbythetimeyoureturn.在你回來之前我將會(huì)做完我的活兒。（從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí)。）Nosoonerthan---一……就……Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanhewentawayagain.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain..nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒裝Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…1.?It?was?quiet?___?those?big?trucks?started?coming?through?the?town.A.when? B.?after?C.?until? D.?unless2.?It?seemed?only?seconds?____?the?boy?finished?washing?his?face.??A.?when? B.?before?C.?after D.if3.?Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrain B.rainsC.rained D.israined4.?_____?you?begin,?I?think?you?must?continue.A.?When? B.?Whenever?C.?Once?? D.?Even?if?5.?I?recognized?you?______?I?saw?you?at?the?airport.??A.?the?moment?B.?while?C.?after? D.?once?6.?He?was?about?to?go?to?bed?________?the?doorbell?rang.??A.?while? B.?as?C.?before? D.?when7.________I?listen?to?your?advice,?I?get?into?trouble.??A.?Every?time?B.?When?C.?While?

D.?Until?8.?__?John?was?watchingTV,?his?wife?was?cooking.?A.?As?

B.?As?soon?as?C.?While?

D.?Till??9.The?thieves?ran?away?___?they?caught?sight?of?the?police.?A.?while? B.?as?soonasC.?before? D.?when??10.It?was?not?_____?he?took?off?his?glasses?that?I?recognized?him.?A.?as? B.?when?C.?while? D.?until二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句主要用于回答Where?的問題，可以由where(在…的地方)，wherever(無論什么地方)，anywhere(無論何處)以及everywhere(到處)等連詞來引導(dǎo)。地點(diǎn)狀語從句一般置于主句之后

Sitwhereveryoulike.你愛坐哪兒都可以。Keepitwhereyoucanseeit.把它放在你看得見的地方。Heliveswheretheclimateismild.他住在一個(gè)氣候溫暖的地方。根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要，anywhere,everywhere和wherever也可以(where則一般不可以)放在句首Anywhereshegoes,hegoestoo.不論她去哪兒，他也去哪兒。WhereverIamlwillbethinkingofyou.我不論在哪兒，都會(huì)想你的。where一般表示一個(gè)確定的但非特指的地點(diǎn)。如：ThechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaRomantemple.教堂建在曾一度是羅馬神廟的地方NexttimeIhopeyou’llgowhereItellyouto.下次我希望你去我告訴你去的地方wherever,anywhere和everywhere表示“任何地方”。Withaspecialtrainticketyoucantravelwherever/anywhere/everywhereyoulikeinEuropeforjustover￡100.你如持有專車票，僅花一百多一點(diǎn)英鎊，就可以到歐洲各地旅行。1.When

you

read

the

book,

you’d

better

make

a

mark

___

you

have

any

questions.A.

at

which

B.

at

whereC.

the

place

where

D.

where

2.She

found

her

wallet

_____

she

lost

it.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that3.The

school

was

built

____

there

had

once

been

a

church.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that

4.You

should

let

your

children

play

____

you

can

see

them.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that

5.You

should

make

it

a

rule

to

leave

things

____you

can

find

them

again.A.

when

B.

where

C.

then

D.

there6.Now

he

works

in

the

factory

____

his

father

used

to

work.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that

8.

—Mom,whatdidthedoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where9.

Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp____thereishumansuffering.A.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever10.Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where三、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句，常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有

because(因?yàn)?,as(由于)和since(既然)。(1)because:語氣最強(qiáng)，回答why時(shí)用because，所表示的是直接理由，因果關(guān)系不能同so連用。because的從句常放在主句之后—Whydidyougo？—IwentbecauseTomtoldmetogo.(2)

since:“既然…..”表對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首。Sinceyoufeelill,you'dbetternotgotowork.(3)

as:“由于….”語氣較弱，較口語化，表明顯的原因或已知的事實(shí)，常放在句首。Asitwasraininghard,wehadtobeindoors.

because和for的區(qū)別。for是并列連詞，只用于連接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因時(shí)，可位于句首。

【誤】Forhedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.【正】Becausehedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.because,since,as的區(qū)別1.because語氣最強(qiáng)，表達(dá)的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗號(hào)隔開。在回答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)，或在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)Itis/was…that原因狀語從句中，宜用because。另外，because還常和副詞just，merely等連用。2.since往往表示的是已知的客觀事實(shí)，或分析后的推理，引導(dǎo)的從句大多置于句首，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般相同。3.as表示的理由最弱，只是對(duì)主句的附帶說明，重點(diǎn)在主句。As從句通常放在主句前。Youshouldn’tgetangryonlybecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.你不該僅僅因?yàn)橛行┤苏f了你的壞話就生氣。Sinceyouarenotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouaboutit.既然你不感興趣，那我就不告訴你了。Asyouareunabletoanswerperhapsweshouldasksomeoneelse.因?yàn)槟悴荒芑卮?，也許我們?cè)搯栆粏杽e的人。注意：because等詞不能與so連用。Becausehewascareless,sohefailedintheexam.×Becausehewascareless,hefailedintheexam.√Hewascareless,sohefailedintheexam.√詞組引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句1.nowthat意為“既然”，與since同義，但更突出事實(shí)本身。Nowthatyou’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.既然你有了機(jī)會(huì)，你要充分利用它。2.seeingthat,consideringthat和inthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句這幾個(gè)連詞同since,as近義，都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)，原因”是之意。Consideringthathe'sonlybeenlearningEnglishayear,hespeaksitverywell.Seeingthathewasill,theysentforthedoctor.3.notthat…butthat…引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句這是一種加強(qiáng)語氣的表示原因的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是因?yàn)?，而是因?yàn)椤盢otthatIdon'tlikethefilm,butthatIhavenotimeforit.Thesoldier'sessentialhonorwasnotthathekilledhisenemy,butthathewaswillingtodie.1.Themancan’tgetonthebus______thereisnoroomonit.A.thoughB.becauseC.until

Dsothat2.____herdaughterhadn’tcomeback,_____shelookedworried.A.Because,/B.Because,soC.Though,butD.Though,/3._______you’vegotachance,youmightmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas4.Hefounditdifficulttoread,_______hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or5.Amancannotsmilelikeachild,________achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.A.soB.butC.andD.for引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有sothat,inorderthat(為了，以便)；四、目的狀語從句Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchensothathecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.約翰把其他人關(guān)在廚房外，目的是能夠?yàn)橥頃?huì)烹飪出人意料的東西。Thesemenrisktheirlivesinorderthatwemaylivemoresafely.這些人甘冒生命危險(xiǎn)，是為了讓我們活得更安全些。辨析：inorderthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可以放在句首、與句尾，而sothat引導(dǎo)的只能放在句尾；如果從句主語與主句主語一致都可轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式。*lest,forfearthat和incase引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句這三個(gè)連詞詞組的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的從句一般要用虛擬語氣，形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或省掉should。forfearthat和incase從句一般用虛擬語氣，但有時(shí)也可以用陳述語氣。incase---萬一Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Pleasetakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.Lest---以防萬一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.Themanageroftheworkshopaskedhisstafftoworkovertimelesttheywouldn’tfinishthetaskontime.1.Heleftin___ahurry___heforgottolockthedoor.A.such,thatB.so,that

C.such,as

D.so,when2.Youmustimproveyourstudymethod_____youmaymakeprogressinyourstudies.A.soastoB.inordertoC.so

D.inorderthat3.ThePrimeMinistergottotheplatformandsatdown,____toanswerthe

questions.A.preparingB.beingpreparingC.preparedD.toprepare4.Theydemandedariseintheirwages___upforthe____costofliving.A.tomake,increaseB.made,increasedC.tobemade,increasingD.making,increasing5.---Whydidyoumovethetableoverthere?---____thenewsofa.A.TomakeroomforB.ShareroomwithC.GivenroomtoD.

Savingroomfor6.Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse____thereisapowerout.A.if

B.unlessC.incase

D.sothat7.I’dliketoarrive20minutesearly_____Icanhavetime

foracupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresult

C.incaseD.sothat8.You’dbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor____youhavetowait.A.evenif

B.asifC.incase

D.inorderthat10.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn

B.tolearnC.learned

D.learning五、結(jié)果狀語從句1、sothat，so…that,such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句Heworkedhardsothathepassedtheexam.他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，結(jié)果通過了考試。Hespokeforsuchalongtimethatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他講了那么長時(shí)間，人們開始打起瞌睡了。2、so…that與such…that的區(qū)別這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞；such是形容詞，后接名詞。（1）單數(shù)名詞such+a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。Sheissuchagoodteacherthatallofusloveher.=Sheissogoodateacherthatallofusloveher.（2）不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一般須用such...that。HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglish.(不可數(shù)名詞)Theyaresuchinterestingbooksthatweallwanttoreadthem.(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)（3）如果不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有many，much，little，few修飾時(shí)，則用so…that。Georgehadsolittlemoneythathehadtogetajob.(不可數(shù)名詞)3、but,butthat和butwhat

如果主句中含有never,neverso,notso,notsuch等否定詞，可用but,butthat和butwhat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，構(gòu)成雙重否定，相當(dāng)于that...not或unless，可以譯成“沒有.....不”。Shenevercomesbutsheborrows.=Shenevercomesunlesssheborrows.她不借東西不來。3、如何判斷sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句（1）當(dāng)表達(dá)的含義是“為了”、“以便”時(shí)，為目的狀語從句；當(dāng)表達(dá)的是“以至于”、“因此”含義時(shí)，為結(jié)果狀語從句。Ifyoudoknow,answerinaloudenoughvoicesothatalltheclassmayhear.(目的狀語從句)Itrainedhardthedaybeforeyesterday,sothat

shehadtostayathome.(結(jié)果狀語從句)（2）當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might等時(shí)，是目的狀語從句；當(dāng)從句里沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，且謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（過去時(shí)）、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，是結(jié)果狀語從句。WestoppedatSaltLakeCitysothat

wecould

(might)

visitthemonumenttoseagulls.(目的狀語從句)Theyhavewalkedalongway,sothat

wearealltired.(結(jié)果狀語從句)。（3）當(dāng)從句之前的sothat可用inorderthat代替時(shí)，是目的狀語從句；反之，是結(jié)果狀語從句。Wenowstudyhardsothatwemayworkwellinthefuture.(=Wenowstudyhardinorderthatwemayworkwellinthefuture.(目的狀語從句)(4)當(dāng)sothat之前有逗號(hào)時(shí)，是結(jié)果狀語從句；反之，是目的狀語從句Thestoryisveryinteresting,sothat

Ilikeitverymuch.(結(jié)果狀語從句)1.Theteachertoldus____funnystory____wealllaughed.A.sucha,thatB.such,thatC.soa,thatD.so,that2.Theheadmasterspokeslowly_____wecouldunderstandhim.A.suchthatB.becauseC.sothat

D.when3.Theworkerswork____

hard___

theydon’thaveadayoffevenontheweekend.A.too,thatB.such,thatC.so,thatD.as,that4.Heworkedsoquietly_______nooneknowshewasthere.A.which

B.afterC.as

D.that5.Afterwakingforfourhours,hewas_____tired_____moveon.A.as,asB.too,toC.sothatD.not,enough6.Jimdidn’trun_____tocatchupwithotherrunners.A.enoughfastB.sofastC.fastenoughD.fastlyenough7.Thereis____muchbirdfood_____

itcanlastfortwomonths.A.such,that

B.so,thatC.sucha,thatD.so,to

8.Shewas____welldressedthatsheattractedeveryone’sattentionattheparty.

A.so

B.quite

C.too

D.very9.Whenthefirebrokeout,manypeoplewereso_______thattheyran_______.A.frightening;wildB.frightened;wildC.frightened;wildlyD.frightening;wildly10.Itwas___musicthatIlostmyselfinit.A.suchabeautiful

B.sobeautifula

C.sobeautiful

D.suchbeautiful11.Ilikethepopstar_______thatInevermisshisconcert.A.verymuch

B.toomuch

C.quitemuch

D.somuch12.Wearrived______latethattherewerenoseatsleft.

A.much

B.too

C.so

D.very比較狀語從句常用than或as…as引導(dǎo)。than表示兩者的比較，as…as表示程度相同。如：I’mtallerthanTomis.我比Tom高。HerunsasfastasIdo.他和我跑得一樣快。六、比較狀語從句than后面的人稱代詞用主格？什么情況下用賓格？一、如果主句謂語是不及物動(dòng)詞，than后面的人稱代詞用主格或賓格均可，且意義無區(qū)別。ShedrawsbetterthanI(me).

要注意如果人稱代詞后面有all時(shí)，人稱代詞一般用賓格。Shedrawsbetterthanthemall.二、如果謂語是及物動(dòng)詞，且than后面的名詞或代詞又與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，than后面的人稱代詞只能用主格。Helovesthedogmorethanhiswifedoes.三、如果主句謂語是連系動(dòng)詞be,than后面的人稱代詞用主格或賓格均可，但意義無區(qū)別。HeistallerthanI(me).他比我長得高。四，如果主句謂語是及物動(dòng)詞，than后面的人稱代詞用主格或賓格均可，但句意不同。Iliketheboybetterthanshe.=Iliketheboybetterthanshelikestheboy.我比她更喜歡那個(gè)男孩。Iliketheboybetterthanher.=IliketheboybetterthanIlikeher.我喜歡那個(gè)男孩勝過喜歡她。必背：常見的比較句型。

Ournewschoolisthreetimesbiggerthantheoldone.

我們的新學(xué)校比老學(xué)校大三倍。

Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldne.

我們的新學(xué)校是老學(xué)校的四倍大。

Ournewschoolisfourtimesthesizeoftheoldone.

我們的新學(xué)校是老學(xué)校的四倍。七、讓步狀語從句1、evenif,eventhough,although，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

evenif和eventhough帶有較強(qiáng)的意味，都不能和but連用，但可以和yet,still或nevertheless連用。evenif，eventhough所接的句子常用虛擬語氣。Wewon'tgiveupevenifweshouldfailtentimes.

Hewentouteventhoughitwasraining.2、as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句（1）由as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序Proudasthesenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.（2）如果表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，這個(gè)名詞不帶冠詞12-year-oldgirlassheis,shehashadagoodcommandofEnglish.Childasheis，heknowsalot.(3)如果句中謂語包含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，則將實(shí)意動(dòng)詞放在as之前TryasImight，Icouldn'tliftthestone.我使多大勁兒也搬不動(dòng)這塊石頭。Praisedashewas,heremainedmodest.他雖然受到表揚(yáng)，但仍然保持著謙虛。（4）如果句中謂語僅有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，則將實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(原形)放在as之前，并在主語后面加助動(dòng)詞do,does,did或will。Tortureherastheydid,theenemygotnothingoutofher.雖然敵人拷打她，卻沒有能從她嘴里得到什么。Failashedid,hewouldnevergiveup.盡管他失敗了，但他決不會(huì)放棄。注:但是，如果在這種情況下，句中謂語有副詞修飾，則將副詞放在as之前。Againandagainashefailed,hedidn'tloseheart.他雖然多次失敗，但仍不灰心喪氣。MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon'tthinkheactedwisely.我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但是我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不明智的。3、由nomatter+wh詞和由疑問詞＋ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句由nomatter引導(dǎo)，表示“不管；無論”；由疑問詞＋ever引導(dǎo)，表示“不管，不論”。這類詞有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however，whenever，wherever等,他們相當(dāng)于nomatter+what（which，who，how，when，where），都不能與but，so，and等并列連詞同時(shí)使用。We'llhavetofinishthejob,however(nomatterhow)longittakes.不管需要多長時(shí)間，我們都一定完成這項(xiàng)工作。Nomatterwhat(Whatever)youdo,don‘ttellhimthatItoldyouthis.無論你做什么，別告訴他我對(duì)你說過這件事。4、由whether．．．or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句由whether．．．or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示“不論……還是”，提供兩種對(duì)比的情況。Ishallgo,whetheryoucomewithmeorstayathome.Whetherwelikeaparticularpieceofnewsornot,allwehavetodoissitinfrontofthetubeand“l(fā)etithappen”.Although,though---雖然although和though可以互換，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Althoughitwasnothisfault,hetookalltheblame.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.Childthoughhewas,hedidquitewell.Evenif/eventhough---即使Evenifyoudon’tlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.Evenifyouarenotfondofflowers,youshouldn’tmissthechrysanthemumexhibition.EventhoughImightbewrong,Iwillgomyway.Eventhoughhisdeandidn’tmeanit,hestillfeltembarrassed.However---不論，however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，句子通常倒裝Hecouldn’tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.Thefathercouldn’tmakehisdaughtersmilehoweverhardhetried.Nomatter(what,when,where,how)---無論（什么，何時(shí)，何地，怎樣）Theoldmanwouldn’tbelieveanythingnomatterwhatyousaid.Pleasetellmetheresultnomatterwhenyougetit.Hewouldn’tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.Iwillfindyounomatterwhereyouhide.Whatever---不管Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewon’tchangehermind.Whateveryoudo,itwon’taffectourplan.While---盡管Whileit’snoneofmybusiness,Iwillwatchyou.WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Ican’thelpyou.Whether---不管，常與ornot連用Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad.Whetherhisproposalispracticalornot,thedepartmentplanstoadopt.1Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit____theseason.Awhatever

BwhereverCwhenever

Dhowever2Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,____theyknewittobevaluable.Aasif

BnowthatCeventhough

Dsothat3____Ireallydon'tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.AAs

BSince

CIf

DWhile4____hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.ASince

BUnless

CAsDAlthough5____Ihavesomesympathyforthem,Idon'tthinktheyarerighttodoso.AAs

BIf

CWhileDWhen7Whatatightvolleyballgame!Welostit____wealltriedourbest.Abecause

BthoughCuntil

Dunless8Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I'llbuyit,____.AhowmuchmayitcostBnomatterhowitmaycostChowevermuchitmaycostDhowmayitcost9Allpeople,____theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.Aevenif

BwhetherCnomatter

Dhowever10Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,____theyaredifferentfromyourown.Auntil

BevenifCunless

Dasthough11____wellpreparedyouare,you

stillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.AHowever

BWhateverCNomatter

DAlthough12____hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.AWhatever

BWheneverCWherever

DHowever13____theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.AIf

BWhileCBecause

DAs14____youdecidetospendyourholidays,onethingiscertain,youwillgettoyourdestination,freshandsafe.AWhatever

BWhoeverCWherever

DWhichever15____,Icouldnotmemorizethetext.

AHoweverharddidItryBHoweverhardItriedCHoweverItriedhardDHoweverIhadtriedhard16____thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthimAAlthough

BAslongasCIfonly

DAssoonas17____Iadmitthatproblemsaredifficult,IamsureIcanworkthemout.AWhile

BAsCSince

DBecause18---Mywatchstoppedagain.

---Youshouldhaveitrepaired,____it'sworkingnow.

Aaslongas