2024屆浙江省杭州市高三年級下冊5月段性考試英語 含解析

杭州學軍中學2024屆高三模擬

英語試卷

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀

下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatwillthewomandrink?

A.Coffee.B.Coke.C.Tea.

2.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?

A.Satisfied.B.Stressed.C.Bored.

3.Whenwillthenextbusleavefordowntown?

A.In5minutes.B.In10minutes.C.In15minutes.

4.Whatwilltheweatherprobablybeliketomorrow!?

A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.

5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie?

A.Tragic.B.TouchingC.Inspiring

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，

每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatdoestheboysuggestthegirldo?

A.Wearsomethingunusual.B.WatchFrozenwithhim.C.Dressasaprincess.

7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofavampiredogcostume?

A.BoringB.Frightening.C.Thrilling.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Whereisthewomanplanningtogo?

A.Italy.B.Austria.C.England

9.Wheredidthemanbuyhiswalkingshoes?

A.Atamarket.B.Inanewmall.C.Inaholidayinn.

10.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantododuringhertrip?

A.Climbmountains.B.Wearenoughclothes.C.Protectherselffromthesun.

聽第8段材料，回答第U至13題。

11.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?

A.He*sacook.B.He'sawaiter.C.He*sarestaurantowner.

12.Howlongdoesthemanhavetoworkaday?

A.5hours.B.6hours.C.llhours

13.Accordingtotheman,whatisoneofthekeystodoingtheworkwell?

A.Havingenthusiasm.B.Makingplansforfuture.C.Payingattentiontoexams.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.Whyisthemanmoving?

A.Tobeclosertohisoffice.B.TosavesomemoneyC.Tohavemorespace.

15.Whenwilltheapartmentbeavailabletothewoman?

A.InearlyAugust.B.Inmid-AugustC.InearlySeptember.

16.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?

A.Hiremoversforthewoman.B.Findthewomananapartment.

C.Recommendthewomantothelandlord.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Wheredidtheweddingtakeplace?

A.InNewYork.B.InSouthCarolina.C.InVirginia.

18.Whoconductedtheweddingceremony?

A.CharlesJohnson.B.MichaelSmith.C.WilliamScott

19.Whatdidthebridestudyincollege?

A.HistoryB.Art.C.Psychology.

20.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecouple?

A.Theyenjoyedamonth-longhoneymoon.

B.Theygraduatedfromthesameuniversity.

C.Theysentgiftstotheweddingplanningcompany.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Whenlookingforsomevacationideastospreadoutandgetsometimeandspacetoyourself,checkoutthese

greatresorts（度假勝地）options.

HyattZivaCapCana

LocatedinPuntaCana,thisfamily-friendlyvacationatanall-inclusiveresortofferssomethingforeveryone

inyourparty.Parentscanenjoyrelaxingbyoneoftheresorfsswim-upbarsinaninfinitypoolorheadoutfor

somedeep-seafishing.Kids,meanwhile,canheadovertothekids'clubforanumberofactivities.Plus,allofthe

drinksandfoodacrossthe14restaurantsandbarsisincluded.

BeachesTurks&Caicos

ThisresorthasbecometheCaribbean'spopulargo-towhenitcomestoall-inclusivefamilyvacationsthat

providegreatvaluesincethere9ssomuchtodoforguestsofallages.There'sa45,000-square-footwaterpark,24

restaurants,unlimitedPADI-certifiedscubadivingandwatersports,a12-milebeach,aspa,10pools-whew!

TheAlisalGuestRanch

Ifyouliveinthecityandwanttogetbacktonature,thisluxuryfarmovernearly11,000acresinCalifornia^

SantaYnezValleyisaperfectfitforafamily.Allthatwide-openspacemeansactivitieslikehorsebackriding,

sceniccycling,hiking,fishing,kayakingand,forthebody-and-spirit-mindedtravelerinyourgroup,yoga.

MontagePalmettoBluff

The20,000-acrecommunityincludesanaturepreservewithwalkingtrails,buttherealstarsoftheshowhere

aretheover300speciesofbirds.TheresorfsresidentnaturalisttakesfamiliesonwalkstoBirdIsland,sharinga

historyofthearea.Plus,kidswilllovethekayaktoursthatgetupclosetothedolphinsthatlivethereyear-round.

1.Whichattractsthoseinterestedinhorseback-riding?

A.HyattZivaCapCana.B.BeachesTurks&Caicos.

C.MontagePalmettoBluff.D.TheAlisalGuestRanch.

2.Whatdothefourattractionsshare?

A.Theypromisegoodfoodservices.B.Theyincludevariouskids5clubs.

C.Theyprovideparent-childactivities.D.Theyhavelargehistoricbuildings.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toorganizesomefamilyparties.B.Tohighlightsometouristresorts.

C.Tointroducesomenaturereserves.D.Tostimulatesomedomesticneeds.

【答案】l.D2.C3.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個很棒的度假勝地。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)的“Allthatwide-openspacemeansactivitieslikehorsebackriding,sceniccycling,hiking,

fishing,kayakingand,forthebody-and-spirit-mindedtravelerinyourgroup,yoga.（所有這些開闊的空間意味著

可以進行像騎馬、騎風景自行車、徒步旅行、釣魚、皮劃艇的活動，對于你的團隊中注重身體和精神的旅

行者來說，還有瑜伽這樣的活動。）”可知，TheAlisalGuestRanch會吸引那些對騎馬感興趣的人。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HyattZivaCapCana的“Parentscanenjoyrelaxingbyoneoftheresoifsswim-upbarsinan

infinitypoolorheadoutforsomedeep-seafishing.Kids,meanwhile,canheadovertothekids'clubforanumber

ofactivities.（家長們可以在度假村的無邊泳池里的一個游泳酒吧里放松身心，或者去深海釣魚。與此同時，

孩子們可以去兒童俱樂部參加一些活動。）"，BeachesTurks&Caicos的“（這個度假勝地已經(jīng)成為加勒比

地區(qū)最受歡迎的家庭度假勝地。）”可知，TheAlisalGuestRanch的“Ifyouliveinthecityandwanttoget

backtonature,thisluxuryfarmovernearly11,000acresinCalifornia'sSantaYnezValleyisaperfectfitfora

family.（如果你住在城市里，想要回歸自然，這個位于加州圣伊內(nèi)斯山谷的豪華農(nóng)場占地近11,000英畝，是

一個家庭的完美選擇。）“，MontagePalmettoBluff的“The20,000-acrecommunityincludesanaturepreserve

withwalkingtrails,buttherealstarsoftheshowherearetheover300speciesofbirds.Theresort'sresident

naturalisttakesfamiliesonwalkstoBirdIsland,sharingahistoryofthearea.Plus,kidswilllovethekayaktours

thatgetupclosetothedolphinsthatlivethereyear-round.（這個占地2萬英畝的社區(qū)包括一個帶步行道的自然

保護區(qū)，但這里真正的明星是300多種鳥類。度假村的常駐博物學家?guī)е胰巳B島散步，分享該地區(qū)的

歷史。此外，孩子們會喜歡獨木舟之旅，可以近距離接觸全年生活在那里的海豚。）”可知，這四個景點的

共同之處在于他們都提供親子活動，家長和孩子有很多活動可以選擇。故選C。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段的“Whenlookingforsomevacationideastospreadoutandgetsometimeandspace

toyourself,checkoutthesegreatresortsoptions.（當你想要尋找一些度假的想法，讓自己有時間和空間的時候，

看看這些很棒的度假勝地。）”可知，文章的目的是宣傳一些旅游勝地。故選B。

B

ThefollowingispartofaninterviewbetweenProfessorBernardFeringa（aNobelPricewinner）andaCNN

reporter.

Q:Youoftensaythatuniversitiesshouldbeplaygrounds.Howcanwemakesurethatthisisacase?

A:Tmastrongbelieverinchallengingstudentsatalllevels-tothink,todiscoverandtogobeyondthe

currentknowledge.Theuniversitieshaveaspecialrolehere,becauseacademictrainingandscienceshouldgo

beyondthecurrenthorizon.Ithinkthatweshouldn,tforgetthatweshouldn,ttrainourstudentsfortodayor

tomorrow;weshouldtrainthemfor10to20yearsfromnow.Becausethentheywillbetheinnovatorsinour

society,andtheywillbethepersonsthatmakeadifference.Trainourstudentsforfuturemeansthattheyhaveto

beabletosurpasstheborderofourcurrentknowledge.ThisiswhatImeanwithplayDround.Imeanthatyou

havesufficientspacetothink,todiscoverandtobefreetomakemistakes,butinparticulartomakethenextsteps,

becreativeandnotlimitedbywhatshouldbedone.Alotofthingshappenbyaccidentandsuddenlyyougeta

majorbreakthroughornewinsight.Schoolsshouldencouragestudentstoaskquestionsandbecreative.

Q:Whatisitthatyoulikesomuchaboutteaching?

A:Ireallyenjoythetransferofthebeautyofknowledge:insights,questions,thingsthatwedon'tknow,orthe

limitationsofwhatweknow.Inevergettiredofmyjob.Ithinkthatyousharewithyourstudentstheopportunity

totransfersomeknowledge,butalsogetalotofthingsbackbyaskingquestionsanddiscussing.Acrossallfields,

fromnaturalsciencestohumanities,youhaveknowledgeandinsightsbuiltupongenerationsanddecades.Atthe

universitieswehavetotransferalotofknowledgeandteachstudentsthebasicskillsandtechniques.Butifsalso

ourdutytogobeyondthat——toaskthemquestionsaboutwhatwedon'tknowandwhatimprovementswecan

makeforthefuture.Doingsurgeryinthehospitalnowmightbetakenoverbyrobotsinthefuture.Howarewe

goingtodealwiththat?Orwillwebeabletomakefuelforairplanes?Thesearechallengingandtoughquestions

buttosharethosewiththestudentsisreallynice.Mostofall,Ithinkthebeautyofknowledgeandtheexcitement

ofinsightsanddiscoveriesisfantastic.

4.Whatdoestheprofessoragreeto?

A.Studentsareboundtosurpasstheirpresentteachers.

B.Studentsareexpectedtobedifferentfuturecitizens.

C.Studentsaresupposedtohavemoreacademictraining.

D.Studentsshoulddefinitelybeencouragedtobechallenged.

5.Whatdoes'宜avground“meantoBernardFeringa?

A.Anareaforphysicalactivities.B.Anareaforextra-curricularexperiments.

C.Anareaforboldexploration.D.Anareaforacademicimprovements.

6.Whichsayingcanbestdescribethereasonfortheprofessor^devotiontoteaching?

A.Hewhoteacheslearns.B.Workmakesaworkman.

C.Nevertoooldtolearn.D.Truthneverfearsinvestigation.

7.HowcanyoudescribeProfessorBernardFeringa?

A.Respectableandreliable.B.Innovativeanddevoted.

C.Generousandsharp-minded.D.Independentandprofessional.

【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章是對諾貝爾獎獲得者BernardFeringa教授的訪談，在這段訪談中，教

授表示大學應鼓勵學生勇于挑戰(zhàn)、探索未知，培養(yǎng)未來創(chuàng)新型人才，并說明了自己熱愛教學的原因。

【4題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Trainourstudentsforfuturemeansthattheyhavetobeabletosurpasstheborderof

ourcuiTentknowledge.（為未來培養(yǎng)我們的學生意味著他們必須能夠超越我們當前知識的邊界）”以及

aSchoolsshouldencouragestudentstoaskquestionsandbecreative.（學校應該鼓勵學生提出問題并發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造

力）”可知，教授所說的話表明他認為應該鼓勵學生接受挑戰(zhàn)，讓學生可以超越當前知識的邊界。故選

Do

【5題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Trainourstudentsforfuturemeansthattheyhavetobeabletosurpasstheborderof

ourcurrentknowledge.ThisiswhatImeanwithplayground.Imeanthatyouhavesufficientspacetothink,to

discoverandtobefreetomakemistakes,butinparticulartomakethenextsteps,becreativeandnotlimitedby

whatshouldbedone.（為未來培養(yǎng)我們的學生意味著他們必須能夠超越我們當前知識的邊界。這就是我所說

的playground。我的意思是，你有足夠的空間去思考、發(fā)現(xiàn)并自由犯錯，但特別是要采取下一步行動，要

有創(chuàng)造力，不受應該做的事情的限制）”可知，在playground,學生們有足夠的空間去思考、發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物

并自由犯錯誤，能夠創(chuàng)造性地超越當前知識的邊界，所以對伯納德?費林加來說，playground是一個可以

大膽探索的空間。故選C。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"Ireallyenjoythetransferofthebeautyofknowledge:insights,questions,things

thatwedon'tknow,orthelimitationsofwhatweknow.Inevergettiredofmyjob.Ithinkthatyousharewith

yourstudentstheopportunitytotransfersomeknowledge,butalsogetalotofthingsbackbyaskingquestions

anddiscussing.（我真的很享受知識之美的傳遞：見解、問題、我們不知道的事情，或者我們所知道的東西

的局限性。我從不厭倦我的工作。我認為，你可以與學生分享轉(zhuǎn)移一些知識的機會，但也可以通過提問

和討論獲得很多東西）”可知，這位教授可以在教學過程中享受知識之美，同時通過提問和討論獲得很多

東西，所以“教學相長”可以描述這位教授獻身于教學的原因。故選A。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Imeanthatyouhavesufficientspacetothink,todiscoverandtobefreetomake

mistakes,butinparticulartomakethenextsteps,becreativeandnotlimitedbywhatshouldbedone.Alotof

thingshappenbyaccidentandsuddenlyyougetamajorbreakthroughornewinsight.Schoolsshouldencourage

studentstoaskquestionsandbecreative.（我的意思是，你有足夠的空間去思考、發(fā)現(xiàn)并自由犯錯，但尤其是

有足夠的空間采取下一步行動，要有創(chuàng)造力，不受應該做的事情的限制。很多事情都是偶然發(fā)生的，突

然間你有了重大突破或新的見解。學校應該鼓勵學生提出問題并發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力）”以及第五段“Ireallyenjoy

thetransferofthebeautyofknowledge:insights,questions,thingsthatwedon'tknow,orthelimitationsofwhat

weknow.Inevergettiredofmyjob.Ithinkthatyousharewithyourstudentstheopportunitytotransfersome

knowledge,butalsogetalotofthingsbackbyaskingquestionsanddiscussing.（我真的很享受知識之美的傳

遞：見解、問題、我們不知道的事情，或者我們所知道的東西的局限性。我從不厭倦我的工作。我認

為，你可以與學生分享轉(zhuǎn)移一些知識的機會，但也可以通過提問和討論獲得很多東西）”可知，教授鼓勵

學生發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力，并且熱愛教學，樂于與學生分享知識和探索未知，這些特點表明他既具有創(chuàng)新精神又

對教育事業(yè)充滿熱忱和投入。故選B。

C

MetauraProclaimstobetheworld'sfirstwearableair-conditioningdevicecapableofconstantlyblowing

coldairtokeepthewearercool.

Conventionalwearablecoolingsystemsonlycirculatethesurroundingair,andthusdon'tdoaverygoodjob

ofcoolingpeopledown.Thestrongerthewindblows,thehotteryouget.Thisisdefinitelynotwhatyouwant

duringthosehotsummerdays.MetauraPro,ontheotherhand,reliesonacoolingsolutiontoproducegenuinely

coldairthatis7degreesFahrenheit（華氏的）coolerthanthatofthesurroundingarea,infanmode,andupto18

degreesFahrenheitcoolerthanthesurroundingair,incoolingmode.Thedevicehasasmartappandrelieson

artificialintelligencetoregulateairtemperature.

MetauraProisdrivenbyapowerfulmotoranditscoolingmodulesaremadeupof26lightweightflatobjects

thatwraparoundthewearer?sneckandhelptoreduceheat.Themotorislinkedtoahigh-speedfanatthebackof

thedevicewhichalsodrivesawaysomeofthatwarmairaroundtheneck.ThedevicealsohasaVCplate,which

hasaliquid-cooled,heat-equalizingmechanism,efficientlycreatingatemperaturedifferentialbetweenhotand

coldtemperatures.

“WhatsetsMetauraProapartfromthecompetitionisthatitproducesgenuinelycoldairlowerthanthe

surroundingtemperature,refreshingyouduringthosedogdaysofsummer,9,theMetauraProKickstarter

crowdfundingpagereads.

MetauraPronotonlysuppliesacoolingfunction,butalsohasthecapacityforheatingaswellinwinter,it

canbeusedtowarmyourbodytoacomfortabletemperature,whenthesurroundingairfeelscold.

Thedeviceintelligentlymonitorsitself,sowhenyoutakeitoff,itrecognizesthatitisnolongerinuseand

willautomaticallyshutoffandswitchtostandbymodetosavepowerconsumption.MetauraProwearablecollar

ispoweredbyachargeablebatterythatcanprovideonly3hoursofcoolingonasinglecharge.Thedeviceweighs

435grams,whichisnotheavy,butdefinitelynoticeable.

8.HowdoesMetauraPromanagetokeeppeoplecool?

A.Bydroppingthebodytemperature.

B.Bycirculatingthesurroundingair.

C.Byproducinglower-temperatureair.

D.Byblowingthestrongwindaround.

9.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutMetauraProinparagraph3?

A.Itsinternalstructure.B.Itsoperatingcosts.

C.Itsamazingfunction.D.Itsworkingprinciple.

10.Whatmaybethedisadvantageofthedevice?

A.Itputslimitationoncoolingfunction.

B.Itswitchestodifferentmodesbyhand.

C.Itpossessesarelativelyshortbatterylife.

D.Itdependsmuchonoutdoortemperatures.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Adouble-modesmartphoneapp

BAcoolingair-conditioningsystem

C.Arechargeablebatteryfore-products

D.Awearabletemperature-adjustingdevice

【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可穿戴溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置，它通過產(chǎn)生低溫空氣讓人們保持涼

爽。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"MetauraProclaimstobetheworld'sfirstwearableair-conditioningdevicecapable

ofconstantlyblowingcoldairtokeepthewearercool.（MetauraPro聲稱是世界上第一款可穿戴的空調(diào)設備，

它能不斷吹出冷空氣，讓佩戴者保持涼爽。）”可知，MetauraPro是通過產(chǎn)生低溫空氣讓人們保持涼爽的。

故選Co

【9題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的uMetauraProisdrivenbyapowerfulmotoranditscoolingmodulesaremadeupof

26lightweightflatobjectsthatwraparoundthewearer?sneckandhelptoreduceheat.Themotorislinkedtoa

high-speedfanatthebackofthedevicewhichalsodrivesawaysomeofthatwarmairaroundtheneck.Thedevice

alsohasaVCplate,whichhasaliquid-cooled,heat-equalizingmechanism,efficientlycreati（MetauraPro由一個

強大的馬達驅(qū)動，它的冷卻模塊由26個輕質(zhì)扁平物體組成，包裹在佩戴者的脖子上，有助于減少熱量。馬

達與設備后部的高速風扇相連，風扇也能驅(qū)走脖子周圍的一些熱空氣。該設備也有一個VC板，它有一個

液體冷卻，熱均衡機制，有效地創(chuàng)造了冷熱溫度之間的溫差。）”可知，第三段主要討論了MetauraPro是

如何通過產(chǎn)生低溫空氣讓人們保持涼爽的，即它的工作原理。故選D。

【10題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)最后一段的“MetauraProwearablecollarispoweredbyachargeablebatterythatcanprovide

only3hoursofcoolingonasinglecharge.（MetauraPro可穿戴項圈由可充電電池供電，一次充電只能提供3

小時的冷卻時間。）”可知，該設備的缺點是它的電池持續(xù)工作時間相對較短。故選C。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的“MetauraProclaimstobetheworld'sfirstwearableair-conditioning

devicecapableofconstantlyblowingcoldairtokeepthewearercool.（MetauraPro聲稱是世界上第一款可穿戴

的空調(diào)設備，它能不斷吹出冷空氣，讓佩戴者保持涼爽。）”可知，MetauraPro是一款通過產(chǎn)生低溫空氣讓

人們保持涼爽的設備，因此D項（一種可穿戴溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置）適合作文章標題。故選D。

D

Evolution（進化）canperformextraordinarymakeovers;today?sairbornesongbirdsevolvedfromthewingless,

earthbounddinosaursthatwanderedmillionsofyearsago.Butsomeorganismsseemtobeunchanged-inother

words,escapenaturalselection.Thecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,isnearlyidenticaltoits41O-million-year-old

fossils.

Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespeciesdoso.Ithasbeenassumedthatnaturalselectionkeepssome

speciesunchangedbyselectingformoderateoraveragequalities（stabilizingselection）ratherthanselectingfor

moreextremequalitiesthatwouldcauseaspeciestochange（directionalselection）.

ButastudypublishedintheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAcontradictsthisidea,showingthatevolution

constantlyfavorsdifferentqualitiesinseeminglyunchanginganimalstoimproveshort-termsurvival.Inthelong

term,though,uallthatevolutioncancelsoutandleadstonochange,9,saysthestudy'sleadauthor,JamesStroud.

Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedforlizard（蜥蜴）specios;allrelativelyunchangedfor20millionyears.The

researcherscaughtmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonthsforthreeyears.Theymeasuredeachlizard's

headsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoes（腳趾頭）,notingwhichindividuals

survived.Stroudexpectedtoobservestabilizingselectionatworkpreservingmoderatequalities.Insteadhesaw

clearerevidenceofdirectionalselection:somelizardswithuniquecharacteristics,suchasstickiertoes,survived

better.

“Thestudyoffersagoodexplanationforwhyweseewhatwethinkisstabiliringselection,saysTadashi

Fukami,anecologiststudyingevolutionatStanfordUniversity.Manynewqualitiesareevolvingintheshortterm,

buttheydon'tprovideacrucialadvantageoverthelongterm.Inotherwords,speciesstayingunchangedmaysimply

havefoundthebestpossiblecombinationofqualitiesforlastingsuccessintheirenvironment.Sowhathappens

whenthelizards9environmentchangesmoredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroudisstill

makingtripstovisitthelizards.

12.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"coelacanthfish“inparagraph1?

A.Todemonstratethepowerofevolution.B.Toaddevidencetonaturalselection

C.Togiveanexampleofunchangedspecies.D.Toprovespecies'extraordinarymakeovers

13.What'sthefocusofparagraph2?

A.Unsolvedmysteries.B.Acommonbelief.

C.Asharpcontrast.D.UniqueCharacteristics.

14.HowdidStroudconducthisresearch?

A.Byanalyzinglizardfossils.B.Bytrackingresearchobjects.

C.Byillustratingstabilizingselection.D.Bycategorizingqualitiesoflizards.

15.WhatwillStroudprobablydointhefuture?

A.Maketripstovisitlizardexperts.B.Summarizeaveragefeaturesoflizards.

C.Revealthebestcombinationsofqualities.D.Examinelizardsunderextremeconditions.

【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是說明文。文章通過介紹科學家對看似沒有發(fā)生變化的生物物種進行研究，揭示了這些物

種在進化過程中的選擇機制。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段uEvolution（進化）canperformextraordinarymakeovers;today'sairbornesongbirds

evolvedfromthewingless,earthbounddinosaursthatwanderedmillionsofyearsago.Butsomeorganismsseem

tobeunchanged-inotherwords,escapenaturalselection.Thecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,isnearlyidentical

toits41O-million-year-oldfossils.（進化能夠產(chǎn)生非凡的變化；今天在空中飛翔的鳴鳥是從數(shù)百萬年前無翅、

陸生的恐龍演化而來的。但有些生物似乎沒有改變一換句話說，它們逃脫了自然選擇?，F(xiàn)代魚類腔棘

魚與其4.1億年前的化石幾乎一模一樣）”可知，本段提到腔棘魚是為了舉一個物種不變的例子。故選C

項。

【13題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespeciesdoso.Ithasbeenassumedthat

naturalselectionkeepssomespeciesunchangedbyselectingformoderateoraveragequalities（stabilizing

selection）ratherthanselectingformoreextremequalitiesthatwouldcauseaspeciestochange（directional

selection）《科學家們長期以來一直想知道這些物種是如何做到這一點的。人們一直認為，自然選擇通過選

擇適中或平均的品質(zhì)（穩(wěn)定選擇）來保持某些物種的不變性，而不是選擇會導致物種發(fā)生變化的更極端

的品質(zhì)（定向選擇）。）”可知，本段主要講述了人們一直認為自然選擇是穩(wěn)定選擇而不是定向選擇，也就

是一個共同的信念。故選B項。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedforlizard（蜥蜴）specios;allrelatively

unchangedfor20millionyears.Theresearcherscaughtmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonthsforthree

years.Theymeasuredeachlizard'sheadsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoes（腳

趾頭），notingwhichindividualssurvived.Stroudexpectedtoobservestabilizingselectionatworkpreserving

moderatequalities.Insteadhesawclearerevidenceofdirectionalselection:somelizardswithunique

characteristics,suchasstickiertoes,survivedbetter」斯特勞德和他的同事研究了蜥蜴物種；所有這些在2000

萬年間都相對沒有變化。研究人員連續(xù)三年每六個月捕捉這些種群中的成員。他們測量了每只蜥蜴的頭

部大小、腿長、體重和身高，以及粘性腳趾的大小，并記錄了哪些個體存活了下來。斯特勞德原本希望

觀察到穩(wěn)定選擇在保持中等品質(zhì)方面的作用。然而，他看到的卻是更明確的定向選擇證據(jù)：一些具有獨

特特征的蜥蜴，比如更粘的腳趾，存活率更高）”可知，斯特勞德是通過跟蹤研究對象來進行他的研究

的。故選B項。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Inotherwords,speciesstayingunchangedmaysimplyhavefoundthebest

possiblecombinationofqualitiesforlastingsuccessintheirenvironment.Sowhathappenswhenthelizards'

environmentchangesmoredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroudisstillmakingtripstovisit

thelizards.（換句話說，保持不變的物種可能只是找到了在其環(huán)境中持久成功的最佳品質(zhì)組合。那么，當蜥

蜴的環(huán)境發(fā)生更劇烈的變化時會發(fā)生什么呢？為了幫助回答這個更大的問題，斯特勞德仍在繼續(xù)探訪這

些蜥蜴）”可知，接下來斯特勞德會在極端條件下檢查蜥蜴。故選D項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Whenwearefacedwithacrisis,orifwehaveanimportantdecisiontomake,manyofusfallintothetrapof

over-thinking.Wemaykeepthinkingaboutsomethingconstantlyandtoolong.16Howcanwestop

ourselvesfromover-thinking?

Doingsomethingtodistractyourselfisagoodidea.Youcanfindworkingwithyourhandsisespecially

good.17Yourbrainsimplydoesn'thavetheresourcestosplititselfintoathirdactivity,forexample

over-thinking.

18Studieshaveshownthatwhensomeoneviewssomethinginexcitementandanxiety,thebrainis

forcedtobecomestuckinthepresentbecauseallofyoursensesarecompletelyengaged.Youdonothavetimeto

focusonsomethingdifferent,whichcancauseover-thinking.

Constantwishing,hopingandprayingdonotgiveyouanyrelief.Theyjustkeepyoustuckinoneplace.But

takingthesmalleststepoffthecrisisreallymatters.Itwillsetthingsinmotion,makingyoulikeasnowball.

19

Thetrapsarethingsthatcauseyournaturalabilitytoreactwithoutyourealizingthatthereisaconnection

betweenthetwo.Thus,avoidingrelevanttrapsisalsoagoodidea.20Forexample,ifoneofyour

colleaguesissonegativethatshealwaysdragsyoudown,stophangingoutwithherbyhavinglunchaloneata

nearbyrestaurant.

AThismindsettendstoruinourday.

B.Putsimply,outofsight,outofmind.

C.Justasasayinggoes,oncebitten,twiceshy.

D.Youarereallygettingyourbrainworkingforyou.

E.Otheractivitiesaretheonesthatarouseyourcuriosity.

F.Itengagesyourmovementskillsandthinkingprocess.

G.Thus,youwillgraduallymoveyourselfoutofthefeeling.

【答案】16.A17.F18.E19.G20,B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。本篇主要講了一些阻止我們過度思考的方法。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Wemaykeepthinkingaboutsomethingconstantlyandtoolong.（我們可能一直在想某件事，而且

想得太久了）"和下文"Howcanwestopourselvesfromover-thinking?（我們怎樣才能阻止自己過度思考

呢？）”可知空格前后都是關乎over-thinking這種心態(tài)，所以選項說明過度思考的不良影響，故A選項

“這種心態(tài)往往會毀了我們的一天”符合語境，故選A。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Youcanfindworkingwithyourhandsisespeciallygood.（你會發(fā)現(xiàn)用手干活特別好）”和后文

“Yourbrainsimplydoesn'thavetheresourcestosplititselfintoathirdactivity,forexampleover-thinking.（你的

大腦沒有足夠的資源把自己分成第三個活動，比如過度思考）”可以推斷這里填的是動手的兩方面，故F

選項“它涉及你的運動技能和思維過程”符合語境。故選F。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)后文aStudieshaveshownthatwhensomeoneviewssomethinginexcitementandanxiety,thebrainis

forcedtobecomestuckinthepresentbecauseallofyoursensesarecompletelyengaged.Youdonothavetimeto

focusonsomethingdifferent,whichcancauseover-thinking.（研究表明，當—人在興奮和焦慮中看到某事

時，大腦被迫陷入當下，因為你所有的感官都完全參與其中。你沒有時間去關注不同的事情，這會導致

過度思考）”可知，第三段整段，用興奮、焦慮的態(tài)度看事情會抑制過度思考，興奮對應E選項中的

curiosity。且第二段doingsomething和E選項中的other對應上，故E