2024年高等教育教育類自考-10057英語教學(xué)論筆試考試歷年高頻考點試題摘選含答案

2024年高等教育教育類自考-10057英語教學(xué)論筆試考試歷年高頻考點試題摘選含答案第1卷一.參考題庫(共75題)1.WhyislisteningimportantinlearningEnglish?2.Animalisasuper-ordinateterm,whilecow,horse,pig,dog,cat,etc.are（）.3.Untilthe16thcenturyLatinwastaughtthroughactiveuseofspeechandwrittentextwithoutgrammaranalysis.（）4.WhatlanguageskillsareemphasizedbytheGrammar-translationMethod?5.Techniquesforgroupingitemsofvocabularyfallintothreegeneralcategories:semanticfields,phonologicalsetsandgrammaticalsets.Groupingitemsrelatedbytopics,forexample,typesoffruit,belongstothesemanticfields.（）6.Themostpowerfulsignalofstressisachangeofpitchonthevowel.（）7.Anexercisewithheterogeneitygivesnoopportunityforthereallyadvancedstudentstoexercisetheircapacity.（）8.TherelationshipbetweenthespokenandwrittenwordisidenticalinEnglish.（）9.（）,isthestudyofhowwordscombinetoformsentencesandtheruleswhichgoverntheformationofsentences.10.sociolinguistics11.Verbalpresentationofnewwordsmeansthatthemeaningofasecondlanguagewordisdemonstratedthroughconcreteobjects,visualaids,orthroughmimeandacting.（）12.Theinteractionalist’spositionisthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplex（）betweentheuniquelyhumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.13.DoesKrashen’stheoryofsecondlanguageacquisitionbeginwiththeories,orwithdata?14.Animportantpartoftheskilloflisteningisbeingabletopredictwhatthespeakerisgoingtosaynext.（）15.Whenweteachgrammaras（）,thelearnerisrequiredtoattendtogrammar,whileworkingontaskswhichretainanemphasisonlanguageuse.16.Whenthestudentslistentorecordedmaterialsthereisverylittleopportunityforimmediateinteraction.（）17.ForKrashen,theaffectivefilteristheprincipalsourceofindividualdifferenceinsecondlanguageacquisition.（）18.Whenthereadersreadtogetthegeneralpicture,onlythemainpointsarewhattheyareinterestedin,notthedetail.（）19.Authenticmaterialscanonlybeusedintheclassroomforbeginners.（）20.Syllablesareshortwhentheyarestressed.（）21.Theteachercanhelpthestudentstoreadatextbyreadingitaloudwhiletheyfollowintheirbooks.（）22.Languageiscapableofproducingnewformsandmeanings.（）23.Aphonemeisthesmallestdistinctivesoundunit,incapableofchangeindifferentphoneticenvironments.（）24.Theaimofthepracticestageistocausethelearnerstoabsorbthestructurethoroughly.（）25.What’sthedifferencebetweencasuallisteningandfocusedlistening?26.Ofthetwotypesofsentencestress,sensestressshowscontrast,whilelogicalstressshowsmeaning.（）27.Feedbackreferstoanyinformationwhichprovidesareportontheresultofcommunicationwhichtakesplacenotonlybetweenthelistenerandthespeaker.（）28.Whataresomeofthemainstagesofalesson?29.Whatarethetechniqueswhichyoucanusetoteachintonationinameaningfulway?30.Whatarethetwoobjectivesinpresentinganewstructuralitem?31.Whatarethethreeviewsoflanguagethatsupportpopularforeignlanguageteaching?32.ThetheoryoflanguageunderlyingtheGrammar-TranslationMethodwasderivedfromComparativeHistoricalLinguistics.（）33.Thethreemajorcausesforerrorsare:mothertongueinterference,（）,andinappropriateteachingmaterialsormethods.34.Howdoyouunderstandthedifferencebetweenapproach,method,andtechnique?35.ItisenoughtointroducearangeofdifferentactivitiesintoalessontokeepthestudentsinterestedinlearningEnglish.（）36.Processteachingengageslearnersin（）,formulatingtheirownmeaningsincontextsoverwhichtheyhaveconsiderablecontrol.37.Inthe“l(fā)anguageawareness”exercise,thestatement“Thebaby’scrying”informsaboutathirdperson’swhereabouts.（）38.Ingeneral,arisingintonationisseenasbeingmoreimpolitethatafallingone.（）39.Whataresomeoftheadvantagesofusingacassetterecorder?40.Usuallylowkeyisusedforemphasisandcontrast;midkeyindicatesanexpected,neutralattitude;andlowkeyprovideslowinformation.（）41.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgrammar-translationmethod?42.Normallywhenwereadoureyesflickbackwardsandforwardsoverthetext.（）43.TheAudiolingualMethod44.Studentsalmostalwaysenjoylisteningtostories.（）45.InanEnglishclassweareusuallyconcernedwithcasuallistening.（）46.Whatspecificaspectsdoescommunicativecompetenceinclude?47.Inpractice,CommunityLanguageLearningismostoftenusedintheteachingofwritingskillandthecourseprogressionistopicbased.（）48.Psycholinguisticsisthestudyofthementalprocessesthatapersonusesinproducingandunderstandinglanguage,andhowhumanslearn（）.49.Apartfromamasteryofaforeignlanguage,whatotherknowledgeshouldaforeignlanguageteacherhaveinordertodohis/herjobwell?50.Asuggestopadiacourseisconductedinaclassroominwhichstudentsareascomfortableaspossible.（）51.HowshouldlanguagerulesbelearnedaccordingtotheDirectMethod?52.Iftheaimofalessonis“Tolearnthenamesofcolours”thelessonmayfocusonaparticular（）.53.Itisimportantfortheteachertoshowstudentshoweasyitistounderstandsomethingfromauthenticmaterialsratherthanhowdifficultitistounderstandeverything.（）54.Thegoalsforsecondaryeducationare（）fromthoseforhighereducation.55.Throughreadingthestudentsnotonlylearnnewlanguage,butalsodeveloptheirreadingskills.（）56.Sociologyisthestudyoflanguageinrelationto（）,suchassocialclass,educationallevelandsoon.57.Whatarethetwofunctionsofintonation?58.Iftheteacherweretalkingtoomuchinclassthestudentswouldnotbelearning.（）59.Syllabusdeterminesteachingaims,objectives,contentsand（）.60.Thereisalackofconsistencybetween（）andpronunciationinEnglish.61.Semantizationmeansthateverynewwordshouldbepresentedinsuchawaythatitsmeaningbecomescleartothelearner.（）62.Whydowesaythatreadingaloudisnotveryusefulforreadingatextinclass?63.Tounderstandaword,youhavetoreadallthelettersinit;tounderstandasentenceyouhavetoreadallthewordsinit.（）64.Whataretheelementswithwhichamethodisconcerned?65.Mentalismholdsthatahumanbeingpossessesamindwhichhasconsciousness,ideas,etc.,andthemindcaninfluencethe（）ofthebody.66.ThenaturalorderhypothesisispresumedbyKrashentobetheresultofthelearnedsystem,operatingfreeofconsciousgrammar.（）67.（）referstovarietiesoflanguagedefinedbytheirtopicandcontextofuse.68.The（）approachtolanguageistoseeitintermsofthebitsandpiecesbymeansofwhichitisputtogether.69.Whatarethesixprinciplestorememberwhenpresentingnewvocabularyinclass?70.Whydowesayassessmenthasgreatbackwasheffectsonforeignlanguageteachingandlearning?71.Atamacrolevel,societyandcommunityinfluenceclassroomteaching（）.72.InHammer’sfive-stepmodel,thepurposeof“elicitation”istoprovidetheteacherwithfeedbackastowhattodonext.（）73.Ifthechosentopicforaconversationlessonistoogeneralitwillnotexcitethestudents,ifitistoospecificsomestudentswillbeinterested,andothersnot.（）74.Whatkindofknowledgedoyouneedtohaveifyousayyouknowaword?75.Whatisthemainideaoftheacquisition-learninghypothesis?第2卷一.參考題庫(共75題)1.Silentreadinginvolveslookingatthetextandsayingthewordssilentlytoyourself.（）2.AccordingtoKrashen,thereisonlyonewayforhumantoacquirelanguage.Whatisit?3.Inwhatsensedoesforeignlanguageteachingmethodologyhelpyouinyourprofessionaldevelopment?4.Whatistheroleofenvironmentinlanguagelearningaccordingtothebehaviorists?Andthementalists?5.Ifweasktheclasstolistenandweaskthequestionsafterwards,wearehelpingthemimprovetheirlisteningskillindeed.（）6.Writingacommentaftereachlessonisausefulhabitforateachertogetinto.（）7.Pitchisproducedbyfrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcords.Thehigherthefrequency,thehigherthepitch.（）8.Whatarethethreedifferentviewsongrammarteaching?9.Thestagesofalessonoverlap.（）10.Thethreemainthingsthatalearnerhastoacquirewhenlearninganewstructurearetheform,meaningand（）ofthestructure.11.WhatlanguageskillsareemphasizedbytheDirectMethod?12.Usuallyalessonshouldfocusonpracticingonesingleskillsothatthestudentscandevelopthatskillsuccessfully.（）13.casuallistening14.Atonetime（）wascalledClassicalMethodsinceitwasfirstusedintheteachingoftheclassicallanguagesofLatinandGreek.15.Arealgoodlessonplanshouldbelongandcomplicatedwithdetailedlessonnotes.（）16.Ofthefourpossibletunemovements,highfallisusedforstatementsandwh-questions;highriseisusedforquestionsaskingforrepetitionofsomething;lowriseisforyes/noquestions,etc.andfallriseisforcorrectionsandpolitecontradictions.（）17.Teachingmaterialsshouldagreewithorreflecttheteaching（）,aims,objectivesandteachingmethods.18.Thecomplexform-functionrelationshipisnotasimplified,aone-to-one（）.19.TextsareusuallyusedinEnglishclassesfortwomainpurposes:asawayofdevelopingreadingcomprehensionandasawayoflearningnewlanguage.（）20.The（）approachtolanguagestudyisconcernedwithlanguageasaninstrumentofsocialinteractionratherthanasasystemthatisviewedinisolation.21.Therearenomajordifferencesbetweenhowonereadsinone’smothertongueandhowonereadsinaforeignlanguage.（）22.Inwhatsensecananunderstandingofthecontextofeducationcontributetolanguageteachingandlearning?23.Themakingofforeignlanguageeducationpolicymusttakeintoconsiderationthe（）andeducationalsituationofthecountry.24.Theattitudinalandemotionalfactorscanbeexpressedinanitemofvocabulary.Theseareoftenreferredtoas（）.25.Whatkindofquestionsshouldweaskourstudentswhenwewanttogivethemareasontoread?26.ThemostobviouscharacteristicsoftheCommunicativeApproachisthatalmosteverythingthatisdoneisdonewithacommunicativeintent.（）27.WhatarethemaintechniquesusedinaGrammar-Translationclassroom?28.Theback-chainingtechniquemeansthestudentsrepeatasentenceaftertheteacher,startingfromtheendpartofthesentenceandmovingtowardsthebeginning.（）29.Linguisticsisthestudyoflanguageasasystemofhuman（）.30.（）arerepresentedbyphoneticsymbolsbecausethereisnoone-to-onecorrespondencebetweenwrittenlettersandspokensounds.31.technique32.TheSilentWayisbasedonthepremisethatthestudentsshouldbesilentasmuchaspossibleintheclassroom.（）33.WhatarethethreemainformsofwordbuildinginEnglish?34.WhyisfirstlanguageforbiddeninaDirectMethodclassroom?35.Accordingtothefunctionalists,languagehasthreefunctions:（）,expressive,andsocial.36.ConsciousknowledgeofrulesdoesnothelpacquisitionaccordingtoKrashen.（）37.Inordertounderstandatextwell,itisabsolutelynecessarytounderstandeverywordinthefirstplace.（）38.Whyshouldweteachpronunciationandintonationincontext?39.（）isthestudyofsecondandforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.40.Allgoodlessonplansgiveaclearpictureofwhattheteacherintendstodointhelesson.（）41.Onefunctionofalanguagecanonlybeexpressedbyonestructure.（）42.Lessonplansareusefulonlybeforethelesson.（）43.Languageisalogicalsystem.（）44.methodology45.Whatarethepointsofconcernofmethodology?46.Anormallessonshouldhavetheallthestagesdiscussedinthisunitandthestagesshouldbeinfixedorder.（）47.Krashenbelievesthatadultsarebetterlanguagelearners,whilechildrenarebetterlanguageacquirers.（）48.Whatkindofwordstendtobestressed,andwhatkindofwordstendtobeunstressed?49.Doesitalwaysmatterifthe“realworld”isnotbeingpracticedintheclassroom?Whyorwhynot?50.Listeningactivitiescanonlybeconductedwiththewholeclass.（）51.TheSilentWay,CommunityLanguageLearning,andSuggestopaediaalllayemphasisontheindividualandonpersonallearningstrategies.（）52.MostcontributorstotheCommunicativeApproachsharetheviewthatlanguageisusedforcommunicationandaremoreconcernedwithmeaningthanwith（）.53.Vowelsareformedmainlybythepositionofthetongueand,secondarily,bytheshapeofthelipsandmovementofthejaw.（）54.Timecanbesavedbydecidingonaformatwhichsuitsyouandthenkeepingapileofblanks.（）55.A（）isasetofproceduresoracollectionoftechniquesusedinasystematicwaywhichitishopedwillresultinefficientlearning.56.Thevowelisproducedwithout(orwithlittle)restrictionduringitsproductionandisalwaysvoiced.（）57.Metaphorisawayoftalkingaboutonethingintermsofanother.Itisadeviceforcreatingandextendingmeaning.（）58.ItisacceptedbymostexpertsofforeignlanguageteachingthattheGrammar-TranslationMethodoriginatedfromthe16thcentury.（）59.Ateachstageofthelesson,activitiesfocusonallfourskills.（）60.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweendeductivelearningofgrammarandinductivelearningofgrammar?61.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingtheGrammar-TranslationMethodwasFacultyPsychology.TheFacultyPsychologistsbelievedthatthemindofhumanbeingshadvariousfacultieswhichcouldbetrainedseparately.（）62.Chomskyreferstothechild’sinnateendowmentas（）,asetofprincipleswhicharecommontoalllanguages.63.Grammarisadescriptionofthe（）ofalanguageandthewayinwhichlinguisticunitssuchaswordsandphrasesarecombinedtoproducesentencesinthelanguage.64.Plannedconversationsusuallydegenerateintosilenceorinvolveonlyasmallnumberofstudents.（）65.Whenweusetheword（）wemeanthatanideaortheoryisbeingapplied:thatwhatevertheteacherdoes,certaintheoreticalprinciplesarealwaysborneinmind.66.Whattrickscanateacherteachhisstudentstousetomemorizevocabulary?67.Thecardinalrulemeans（）.68.（）isoftendescribedasthemusicofspeech—thewaythevoicegoesupanddownaswespeak.69.AccordingtoSkinner,languagebehaviorcanonlybestudiedthroughobservationofthe（）factors.70.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthegrammaticalformsofalanguageandtheircommunicativefunctions?71.Whatisthefunctionoftheaffectivefilter?72.Consonantsvarydependingonwhereandhowtheairstreamgetsthrough,theplaceandmovementofthetongue,andalsowhetherthevoiceisusedornot.（）73.TheCommunicativeApproach74.Thewaysinwhichwordsfollowoneanotherandarerelatedtooneanotheriscalledthesyntagmaticdimensionoflanguage,thedimensionof“chaining”or“sequencing”.（）75.TheTotalPhysicalResponsemethodemphasizescomprehensionandtheuseofphysicalactionstoteachaforeignlanguageatanintroductorylevel.（）第1卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案： Listeningisimportantmainlyfortworeasons.First,wecannotdevelopspeakingskillsunlesswealsodeveloplisteningskills.Tohaveasuccessfulconversation,studentsmustunderstandwhatissaidtothem.LatertheabilitytounderstandspokenEnglishmaybecomeveryimportant.Second,listeningtospokenEnglishisanimportantwayofacquiringthelanguage,whileinoursituationthestudentsdonothearEnglishspokenaroundthem,soitisimportantforustogiveourstudentsasmuchopportunityaspossibletolistentospokenEnglish.2.參考答案：hyponyms3.參考答案：正確4.參考答案： Readingandwritingareemphasizedbecauseliterarylanguageisregardedassuperiortospokenlanguageandisthereforethelanguagestudentsshouldstudy.ThisemphasisonreadingandwritingskillsalsoresultsfromthepurposeoflearningLatin:toreadandtranslatetheclassicalliteratureofLatin.5.參考答案：正確6.參考答案：正確7.參考答案：錯誤8.參考答案：錯誤9.參考答案：Syntax10.參考答案：Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosocialfactors,thatis,socialclass,educationallevelandtypeofeducation,age,sex,ethicorigin,etc.11.參考答案：錯誤12.參考答案：interplay13.參考答案： Krashen’stheoryofsecondlanguageacquisitionbeginswiththeoriesorassumptions,notwithdata.Heusedadeductivemethod,thatis,hesetupanumberofhypothesesfirst,thencollectedinformationordatatosupport/refutehishypotheses.14.參考答案：正確15.參考答案：skill16.參考答案：正確17.參考答案：正確18.參考答案：正確19.參考答案：錯誤20.參考答案：錯誤21.參考答案：錯誤22.參考答案：正確23.參考答案：錯誤24.參考答案：正確25.參考答案： Ifwelistenwithnoparticularpurposeinmind,andoftenwithoutmuchconcentration,thekindoflisteningiscalledcasuallistening.Usuallywedonotlistenveryclosely,unlesswehearsomethingthatparticularlyinterestsus,andafterwardswemaynotremembermuchofwhatweheard.Howeverifwelistenforaparticularpurpose,tofindinformationweneedtoknow,thekindoflisteningiscalledfocusedlistening.Inthesesituationswelistenmuchmoreclosely;butwedonotlistentoeverythingwehearwithequalconcentration—welistenforthemostimportantpointsorforparticularinformation.Usuallyweknowbeforehandwhatwearelisteningfor.26.參考答案：錯誤27.參考答案：正確28.參考答案： 1.Presentation:Theteacherpresentsnewwordsorstructures,givesexamples,writesthemontheboard,etc. 2.Practice:Studentspracticeusingwordsorstructuresinacontrolledway.Practicecanbeoralorwritten. 3.Production:Studentsuselanguagetheyhavelearnttoexpressthemselvesmorefreely.Likepractice,productioncanbeoralorwritten. 4.Reading:Studentsreadatextandanswerquestionsordoasimpletask. 5.Listening:Theteacherreadsatextordialoguewhilethestudentslistenandanswerquestions,orthestudentslistentothetape. 6.Revision:Theteacherreviewslanguagelearntinanearlierlesson,torefreshthestudents’memories,orasapreparationforanewpresentation.29.參考答案： Toteachintonationinameaningfulway,wecouldchoosefromthefollowingways: 1)Usingrealiatosetupasituationthatwouldillustratethedifferenceinattitude. 2)Usingmoodcards. 3)Creatingroles.30.參考答案： Whenpresentinganewstructuralitemweshouldbeprimarilytryingtoachievetwothings: a)toenablethestudentstorecognizethenewstructurewellenoughtobeabletoproduceitthemselves(ie.establishtheform); b)tomakeabsolutelycleartheusageofthepattern,sothatwhenthestudentsproducethem,promptedbytheteacher,theyknowwhattheyaresaying(ie.establishthemeaning).31.參考答案： Theyarethestructuralview;thefunctionalviewandtheinteractionalview.32.參考答案：正確33.參考答案：overgeneralization34.參考答案： Whenweusethewordapproachwemeanthatanideaortheoryisbeingapplied:thatwhatevertheteacherdoes,certaintheoreticalprinciplesarealwaysborneinmind.Amethodisasetofproceduresoracollectionoftechniquesusedinasystematicwaywhichitishopedwillresultinefficientlearning.Whenwetalkaboutatechnique,wemeanaprocedureusedintheclassroom.Atechniquethenisthenarrowestterm,meaningonesingleprocedure.Amethodwillconsistofanumberoftechniques,probablyarrangedinaspecificorder.Thewordapproachismuchmoregeneralandhastheimplicationthatwhatevermethodortechniquestheteacheruses,hedoesnotfeelboundbythese,butonlybythetheoryinwhichhebelieves.Ifhecanfindnewandbettermethodsortechniqueswhichwillfitinwithhisapproach,thenhewilladoptthese. 35.參考答案：錯誤36.參考答案：languageuse37.參考答案：錯誤38.參考答案：錯誤39.參考答案： Someoftheadvantagesofusingacassetterecorderare: First,itgivesthestudentsthechancetolistentoavarietyofvoicesapartfromtheteacher’s,anditbringsnativespeakers’voicesintotheclassroom. Second,recordedmaterialisusefulforlisteningtodialogues,interviews,discussions,etc.wherethereismorethanonepersonspeakingatthesametime.Otherwisetheteacherhastoactthepartofmorethanoneperson. Third,itisveryusefulforintensivelistening,becausethecassettecanbestoppedandaphraseplayedoverandoveragain.Thiskindoflisteningiscalledintensivelistening.40.參考答案：錯誤41.參考答案： Themainadvantagesofthismethodare:first,comparisonbetweentwolanguageshelpsstudentstohaveabetterunderstandingofthemeaningofabstractwordsandcomplicatedsentences.Second,systematicstudyofgrammaticalrulesplaysanimportantroleinfosteringstudents'abilityofreadingcomprehensionandproducinggrammaticallycorrectsentences.Understandingandmanipulatingthemorphologyandsyntaxwilldevelopstudents'abilityofanalyzingandsolvingproblems.Third,thefocusonunderstandingliterarytextsprovidesthesituationinwhichreadingandwritingabilitiesarewelltrained.Fourth,itmakesfewdemandsonteachersalthoughitoftencreatesfrustrationforstudents.Itisrelativelyeasytoapply. Disadvantagesinthismethodare:First,overemphasisontranslationcanneveremancipatethelearnersfromdependenceonthefirstlanguage.Second,knowingalargenumberofgrammaticalrulescannotensurethatstudentscanusethemappropriatelyinrealcommunicativesituation.Third,itputstoomuchemphasisonreadingandwritingandneglectslisteningandspeaking.Fourth,thetextsaremostlytakenfromliteraryworks.Thelanguagelearnedoftendoesn'tmeetthepracticalneedsofthelearners.Fifth,memorizinggrammarrulesandbilingualwordlistsdoesnotmotivatestudentstoactivelycommunicateinthetargetlanguage.42.參考答案：正確43.參考答案：TheAudiolingualMethodisamethodofforeignorsecondlanguageteachingwhichemphasizestheteachingofspeakingandlisteningbeforereadingandwriting.44.參考答案：正確45.參考答案：錯誤46.參考答案： Communicativecompetenceincludes: 1)knowledgeofthegrammarandvocabularyofthelanguage, 2)knowledgeofrulesofspeaking(eg.knowinghowtobeginandendconversations,knowingwhattopicsmaybetalkedaboutindifferenttypesofspeechevents,knowingwhichaddressformsshouldbeusedwithdifferentpersonsonespeaktoandindifferentsituations), 3)knowinghowtouseandrespondtodifferenttypesofspeechacts,suchasrequests,apologies,thanks,andinvitations, 4)knowinghowtouselanguageappropriately.47.參考答案：錯誤48.參考答案：language49.參考答案： He/sheshouldhavesomeknowledgeabouttherelatedsubjectssuchaslinguistics,psychologyandpedagogy.Heshouldalsoknowthatalotofvariablesinfluenceclassroomteaching.Factorlikeforeignlanguageeducationpolicy,thegoalofforeignlanguageeducation,learners,teachers,syllabus,teachingmethod,teachingmaterialsteachingaids,andassessmentandevaluationallinfluenceclassroomteaching.Ifateacherdoesnotknowthemhewouldnotbeabletoteachaccordingtothecircumstancesandwouldachievethebestresultspossible.50.參考答案：正確51.參考答案： Languagerulesarelearnedinductivelythroughlisteningandspeakingactivities.Theteachersetsupafewcarefullychosenillustrationsofaruleandleadsthestudentstodiscovertherelationshipofthenewelementstootherspreviouslylearned.Studentsworkouttherulegoverningthoseexamples.Inotherwords,studentshavetoinducegrammaticalrulesfromexamplesinthetext.Alanguagecouldbestbelearnedbybeingusedactivelyintheclassroom.52.參考答案：topic53.參考答案：正確54.參考答案：different55.參考答案：正確56.參考答案：socialfactors57.參考答案： Itindicatesgrammaticalmeaninginmuchthesamewayaspunctuationdoesinthewrittenlanguage.Itcanalsoindicatethespeaker’sattitude.Insomecases,bothgrammaticalmeaningandattitudeareconveyedbytheintonationpatternalone.58.參考答案：錯誤59.參考答案：methods60.參考答案：spelling61.參考答案：正確62.參考答案： Readingaloudisnotveryusefulforreadingatextinclassforthefollowingreasons:First,onlyonestudentisactiveatatime;theothersareeithernotlisteningatall,orarelisteningtoabadmodel.Second,students’attentionisfocusedonpronunciation,notonunderstandingthemeaning.Third,itisanunnaturalactivityasmostpeopledonotreadaloudinreallife.Last,ittakesupalotoftimebecausestudentsusuallyreadveryslowly.63.參考答案：錯誤64.參考答案： Therearesixelements： 1.thenatureoflanguage； 2.thenatureoflanguagelearning； 3.goalsandobjectivesinteaching； 4.thetypeofsyllabustouse； 5.theroleofteachers，andinstructionalmaterials； 6.thetechniquesandprocedurestouse.65.參考答案：behavior66.參考答案：錯誤67.參考答案：Register68.參考答案：structural69.參考答案： Beforepresentingvocabularyinclass,itishelpfultorememberthefollowing: a)Teachandpracticethewordsinspokenformfirst. b)Teachwordsincontext. c)Teachlexicalitemsratherthanindividualwords. d)Presentwordsinamemorableway. e)Checkunderstanding. f)Reviseoften.70.參考答案： Bothpositiveandnegativebackwasheffects.Assessmentcanprovideteacherswithfeedbackforlessonplanningandremedialwork.Studentscanalsogetinformationabouttheirlearningandprogress,thereforehaveasenseofachievement.Throughassessmenttheygettoknowtheirproblemsandareasforfurtherstudyandimprovement.However,inappropriateassessmentcancauseworries,discourageweakstudents,emphasisongradesinsteadofonabilitiesandcompetence,etc.71.參考答案：indirectly72.參考答案：正確73.參考答案：正確74.參考答案： Knowingawordinvolvesknowingitsmeaning,itsformanditsuse.Ifwesaythatweknowaword,wemustbeableto a)recognizeitinwrittenandspokenform; b)recallitatonce; c)relateittoappropriateobjectorconcept; d)useitinappropriategrammaticalform; e)useitincorrectcollocation; f)useitatappropriatelevelofformality; g)pronounceitinarecognizableway; h)spellitcorrectly; i)beawareofitsconnotation.75.參考答案： KrashenmaintainedthatadultL2learnershaveattheirdisposaltwodistinctandindependentwaysofdevelopingcompetenceinasecondlanguage:acquisitionandlearning.Acquisitionisasubconsciousprocessidenticalinallimportantwaystotheprocesschildrenutilizeinacquiringtheirfirstlanguage,andlearningisaconsciousprocessthatresultsinknowledgeaboutlanguage.Acquisitioncomesaboutthroughmeaningfulinteractioninanaturalcommunicationsetting.Speakersarenotconcernedwithform,butwithmeaning;noristhereexplicitconcernwitherrordetectionandcorrection.Thiscontrastswiththelanguagelearningsituationinwhicherrordetectionandcorrectionarecentral,asistypicalthecaseinclassroomsettings,whereformalrulesandfeedbackprovidethebasisforlanguageinstruction. Nontheless,forKrashen,itisnotthesettingperse,butconsciousattentiontorulesthatdistinguisheslanguageacquisitionfromlanguagelearning.Int