新教材2024版高中英語(yǔ)課時(shí)作業(yè)5Unit8LiteraturePartATopicTalk北師大版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)Unit8PartATopicTalkⅠ.閱讀理解ASoda(蘇打汽水),whilesweetandinexpensive,maynotbeworthdrinking.Sugarydrinkscanhavemanybadhealtheffects,includinga26%greaterriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)forregularsodadrinkers.Andmendrinkingonecanofsugarydrinksperdayhavea20%higherriskofhavingordyingfromaheartattackthanthosewhorarelydrinkthem.Thehealtheffectsofdrinkingsodaalsoaffectpre-schoolchildren,heighteningtheirchancesofbecomingobeseataveryyoungage.AccordingtoHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,oneinthreechildreninAmericaareobeseoroverweight,andchildhoodobesityhastripled(增至三倍)inthelast30years.Shouldgovernmentgetpeopletoreducetheirdrinkingofsodaandsugarydrinksduetohealtheffects?PeopleinSanFranciscoweregiventheopportunitytovoicetheiropiniononPropositionE,whichsuggestedasodatax(稅).Thetax,whichneededtopasswithatwo-thirdsmajority,wouldhaveprovidedmoneyforhealthandphysicaleducationprograms,andthehopewasthatitwouldalsodiscouragecitizensfrombuyingunhealthydrinks.AlthoughSanFrancisco'sPropositionEfailedtobepassed,Berkeleycitizenssucceededinpassingthenation'sfirsteversugarydrinktaxontheirsimilarMeasureD.Peoplewhowereforthetaxhopedthatthepriceofsugarydrinkswoulddiscouragepeoplefrombuyingthem.Mexicorecentlyintroducedataxondrinks,which,thoughnotwellreceivedbythepublic,wassuccessfulinreducingtheamountofsodabought.Afterthetaxwasputintoeffect,Mexico'sbiggestsodaproductioncompany'ssalesdroppedby6.4%.Peoplewhowereagainstthetaxwereconcernedabouttheirrighttobuywhateverdrinkstheywanted,withoutanyadditionaltaxes.Thosewhoalsodisagreedwerethemarket,thebar,andsodaindustries,whichwouldpossiblylosemoneyfromreducedsalesofthesedrinksbecauseoftheaddedcost.AndalthoughthePropositionEtaxmoneywassupposedtogotocity-op-eratedprograms,somecitizensweredoubtfulabouthowwellthisplanwouldhavebeencarriedout.1．HarvardSchoolofPublicHealthfoundthatinAmerica________.A．sodadrinkersdoubledinrecent30yearsB．26%ofchildrenaresufferingfromdiabetesC．thenumberofobesechildrenhasincreasedgreatlyD．youngsodadrinkersoftensufferfromheartattacks2．WhatdoweknowaboutPropositionE?A．SanFranciscocitizensacceptedit.B．ItwaspassedsuccessfullyinBerkeley.C．Itaimedtoreducethesalesofsugarydrinks.D．Itwasmeanttoraisemoneyforpoorchildren.3．Accordingtothetext,thetaxinMexico________.A.helpedpreventpeoplebuyingsugarydrinksB.greatlyreducedtheproductionofsodadrinksC.receivedawarmwelcomefromthelocalcitizensD．forcedmanysodaproductioncompaniestoclosedown4．Thosewhowereagainstthetaxworriedthatitmight________.A．notbecarriedoutsmoothlyB．a(chǎn)ffecttheirrightsandinterestsC．failtoachievetheexpectedgoalD．donogoodtosocietyortheeconomyBEverybody,atsomepointinhisorherlife,hasexperiencedsetbacks.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettinglowermarksevenafterhardwork.Howyougetbackupafterbeinghitmakesyousuccessful.Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame.Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenrantoschool,andthenranforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasinthetrackteam.InFebruary1934,inNewYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungmanwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelyneverwalk,whocouldneverhopetorun—thisdeterminedyoungman,Dr.GlennCunningham,rantheworld'sfastestmile.Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinoneself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspiration(鼓舞人心的人)formany,andhisstoryisbrilliantevidencetoshowhowonecanbouncebackevenwhenalldifficultiesarepiledonone,tothedegreethatdeathseemsthepreferableoption.5．Whatwasthedoctor'sopinionaboutGlenn?A．Glennwasabletowalkwithhisowngreateffort.B．TherewasaslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.C．GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferencetoGlenn.D．Glenncouldliveanormallifewiththeupperhalfofhisbody.6．WhatdoweknowaboutGlenn?A．Glennpracticedwalkinginhospital.B．Glennwonfirstplaceinthemarathon.C．Glennorganizedatrackteamincollege.D．Glenninspirespeoplewithhismovingstory.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．StrengthenDeterminationB．StandupafterFailureC．GoafterDreamsD．FaceDifficultyBravelyⅡ.完形填空At13,Ireadamagazinefilledwithallsortsofeasytipstogogreen.Istarteddoingthat__1__.Imean,itiskindofabigdealconsideringEarthdoesn'thaveanunlimited__2__offreshwater.Myparentswerealso__3__forrecyclingandreusing,sowebecametheoneswho__4__rejectedcontainersandusedthemfor__5__，andtheoneswhocarriedourownbagstothegrocerystoreandourown__6__tothecoffeeshop.Later,Itriedtoletmy__7__flagfly!Ieithercalledouttowhoeverlitteredinpublicorcollectedmagazinesfrommyfriendsto__8__.Thenthestrangestthinghappened:peoplestarted__9__me.Onebyone,myfriendsbegantoturnoffthelights,buyrecyclednotebooks,and__10__paperbackintotheprintertomakeuseoftheother__11__.It'snotthattheywereso__12__abouttheenvironment,buttheyweredrawntomyconfidence.I'mwildaboutenvironmentalprotectionandwouldstand__13__，saying,“Yeah,thisiswhatI'minto.”__14__othersdon'tshareyourenthusiasm,theywillenvyyourconfidenceandwanttobelikeyou,andthatmeans__15__yourexample.1．A.attimes B．rightawayC．a(chǎn)fterall D．a(chǎn)tlast2．A.amount B．controlC．use D．flow3．A.famous B．sorryC．eager D．suitable4．A.washedout B．tookawayC．gaveout D．threwaway5．A.collection B．showC．storage D．decoration6．A.drinks B．booksC．coins D．cups7．A.noble B．highC．a(chǎn)mbitious D．green8．A.recycle B．processC．resell D．donate9.A.serving B．copyingC．observing D．reminding10.A.pay B．takeC．feed D．turn11.A.sheet B．partC．version D．side12.A.curious B．concernedC．optimistic D．serious13．A.proudly B．politelyC．calmly D．patiently14．A.Nowthat B．EvenifC．Unless D．Before15．A.setting B．makingC．giving D．Following課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。飲用碳酸飲料對(duì)健康有許多不利的影響，政府是否應(yīng)當(dāng)向碳酸飲料征稅呢？1．答案與解析：C'微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“oneinthreechildreninAmericaare...inthelast30years”可知，哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院發(fā)覺(jué)美國(guó)有三分之一的兒童肥胖或超重，而在過(guò)去的三十年中，肥胖兒童的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了三倍。2．答案與解析：C'推理推斷題。由其次段中的“thehopewasthatitwouldalsodiscouragecitizensfrombuyingunhealthydrinks”可知，對(duì)碳酸飲料征稅，其目的是為了勸人們不要購(gòu)買(mǎi)不健康的飲料。3．答案與解析：A'微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)其次段中的“wassuccessfulinreducingtheamountofsodabought...salesdroppedby6.4%”可知，墨西哥實(shí)施的飲料稅收勝利降低了碳酸飲料的銷(xiāo)量。4．答案與解析：B'推理推斷題。由最終一段中的“wereconcernedabouttheirrighttobuywhateverdrinks...additionaltaxes”和“whichwouldpossiblylosemoneyfromreducedsalesofthesedrinksbecauseoftheaddedcost”可知，反對(duì)征稅的人士擔(dān)憂稅收會(huì)損害他們的權(quán)力和利益。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)講解并描述GlennCunningham在火災(zāi)中受了重傷后堅(jiān)韌幸存下來(lái)，并用自己的意志力克服困難，努力訓(xùn)練雙腿，最終成為一名優(yōu)秀的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員的事跡，告知我們：想要?jiǎng)倮?，你要在被打擊后重新站起?lái)。5．答案與解析：B'考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的“Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie”和第三段中的“Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive”可知，醫(yī)生認(rèn)為Glenn幸存的可能性很小。故選B。6．答案與解析：D'考查推理推斷。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinoneself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspiration(鼓舞人心的人)formany”可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激勵(lì)著人們。故選D。7．答案與解析：B'考查主旨大意。通讀全文并依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知，想要?jiǎng)倮?，你要在被打擊后重新站起?lái)。故本文最佳標(biāo)題是B項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.完形填空【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了作者熱衷環(huán)保的健康生活。1．答案與解析：B'依據(jù)下文“Imean,itiskindofabigdealconsideringEarthdoesn'thaveanunlimited__2__offre