英國用電量分析報告-培訓課件外文版2024.6海上風電光伏儲能

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MARKETSElectricityconsumptionintheUKCHAPTER

01OverviewNetelectricityconsumptionworldwideinselectyearsfrom1980to2022(interawatt-hours)Globalelectricityconsumption1980-202230,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,00001980

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20223Description:Theworld'selectricityconsumptionhascontinuouslygrownoverthepasthalfacentury,reachingapproximately25,500terawatt-hoursin2022.Between1980and2022,electricityconsumptionmorethantripled,whiletheglobalpopulationreachedalmosteightbillionpeople.Growthinindustrializationandelectricityaccessacrosstheglobehavefurtherboostedelectricitydemand.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1980to2022Source(s):EnerdataElectricityconsumptionpercapitaworldwidein2022,byselectedcountry(inkilowatt-hours)Percapitaelectricityconsumptionworldwide2022,byselectedcountryConsumptioninkilowatt-hourspercapita010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,000IcelandNorway53,92428,095Kuwait19,433Qatar17,031CanadaUnitedArabEmiratesSweden16,60216,39016,274Finland13,17312,702UnitedStatesSouthKoreaSaudiArabiaAustralia11,70511,0309,6147,799Japan4Description:Icelandisbyfarthelargestpercapitaconsumerofelectricityworldwide,averaging53.9megawatt-hoursperpersonin2022.Thisresultsfromacombinationoffactors,suchaslow-costelectricityproduction,increasedheatingdemand,andthepresenceofenergy-intensiveindustriesinthecountry.Norway,Qatar,andCanadawerealsosomeoftheworld'slargestelectricityconsumerspercapitathatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):Ember;OWID;Varioussources(EIA,Eurostat,BP,UN,nationalsources)ElectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022,bysource(interawatt-hours)ElectricityproductionintheUnitedKingdom2010-2022,bysourceGasCoalWind&solarNuclearOtherrenewablesHydroOilandothersources*4504003503002502001501005002010201520162017201820192020202120225Description:CoalisbeingsteadilyphasedoutoftheUnitedKingdom'selectricitysupplymix.In2010,coalpoweramountedto107.6terawatt-hours.Adecadelater,lessthan10terawatt-hourswereannuallyproducedfromcoal.Meanwhile,in2022,renewablesourceswerethemainfuelusedforelectricityintheUK,withnearly135terawatt-hoursgenerated.Nevertheless,inthesecondpositionwasgas,with125terawatt-hoursworthofelectricitygenerated.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022;*Includesgenerationfrompumpedstorage.Thisstatisticwascompiledusingseveralreleasesofthepublication.ThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludes[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UK;OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)FinalenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdomin2022withaforecastfor2040,byenergytype(in1,000metrictonsofoilequivalent)ProjectedfinalenergyconsumptionintheUK2022-2040,bytypePetroleumproductsNaturalgasElectricityRenewablesSolid/manufacturedfuels*140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000202220252030203520406Description:Inthenexttwodecades,naturalgasandpetroleumproductsareexpectedtobethemainsourcesoffinalenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom.By2040,naturalgasdemandisforecasttoreach44millionmetrictonsofoilequivalent,upfrom39.7in2022.ThefinalconsumptionofelectricityintheUKisexpectedtogrowbyover30percentbetween2022and2040,whereasthefinalconsumptionofenergyfromrenewablesourcesisforecasttogrowuntil2030butthendecrease.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2022;Referencescenario;excludinginternationalaviation;*Solid/ManufacturedFuelsincludessteamcoal,anthracite,manufacturedsoldfuels,benzole,tars,blastfurnacegas,andcokeovengas.Projecteddataistaken[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCHAPTER

02Supply&demandAnnualnetelectricitysupplyintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from1970to2022(interawatt-hours)NetelectricitysupplyintheUnitedKingdom1970-20224003503002502001501005001970

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20228Description:In2022,approximately310terawatt-hoursofelectricityweresuppliedintheUK.Thoughthisfigurerepresentsanincreasecomparedtothepreviousyear,figureshaveshownanoveralldownwardtrendsince2005,whenthenetpowersupplyamountedtoabout377terawatt-hours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1970to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKFinalelectricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2022(in1,000tonsofoilequivalent)FinalelectricityconsumptionintheUK2000-202235,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,00002000200520102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120229Description:ElectricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdomamountedtoapproximately23.6milliontonsofoilequivalentin2022.Finalconsumptionhasdecreasedovertheperiodofconsideration,droppingbyaround18percentfromthe30milliontonsofoilequivalentregisteredin2005.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKAnnualelectricitydemandintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2023(interawatt-hours)ElectricitydemandintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2000-20234204003803603403203002000

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2023*10Description:TheUnitedKingdom’sdemandforelectricityhasbeendecliningsince2005,dippingbelow310terawatt-hoursin2023.?Somefactorsforthisdecreasingaredecliningpopulationgrowthinthecountry,energyefficiencyregulations,energy-efficientlighting,andchangingconsumerhabits.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;*ProvisionalfigureFigureshavebeenrounded.ThisstatisticusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKmateriallicensedunder?Crown,theOpenGovernmentLicensev3.0

ReadmoreElectricityconsumptionfromallelectricitysuppliersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2023(interawatt-hours)ElectricityconsumptionintheUK2000-20234003503002502001501005002000

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2023*11Description:TheUnitedKingdom’selectricityusehasbeendecliningsincepeakingat357terawatt-hoursin2005.In2023,theUK'selectricityconsumptionfelltoitslowestlevelthiscentury,at266terawatt-hours.ElectricityconsumptionintheUKtypicallyfollowsaseasonaltrend,peakinginthewintermonths.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;*ProvisionalSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKElectricityconsumptionfrompublicdistributionsystemsandothergeneratorsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2002to2023(interawatt-hours)ElectricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2002-2023,bytypeofgeneratorPublicdistributionsystemOthergenerators**4504003503002502001501005002002

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2023*12Description:Inthepastdecade,therehasbeenadeclineintheelectricityconsumptionfrompublicdistributionsystemsintheUnitedKingdom.In2023,consumptionamountedtoover270terawatt-hours,downfromanaverageofmorethan320terawatt-hoursperyearrecordedinthe2000s.Meanwhile,electricityfromothergeneratorssawamostlycontinualgrowthsince2011until2021.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2002to2023;*Provisionalfigure;**Accordingtothesource,themajorityofthisconsumptionisbytheindustrialandfuelsectors.?ThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludes[...]ReadmoreSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKMonthlyelectricityconsumptionfromallelectricitysuppliersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)fromJanuary2014toNovember2023(interawatt-hours)MonthlyelectricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2014-2023312927252321191715Jan

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'2313Description:TheconsumptionofelectricityintheUnitedKingdomhasfluctuatedonanannualandseasonalbasisthroughouttheperioddepicted,andindicatedageneraldownwardtrend.Demandwasconsistentlyhigherinthewintermonths,peakingeachyearinJanuaryorDecember.InNovember2023,electricityconsumptionintheUKamountedto24.9terawatt-hours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;January2014toNovember2023;*Provisional.Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCHAPTER

03SegmentsElectricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from1970to2022,byfinaluser(interawatt-hours)ElectricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)1970-2022,byfinaluserDomesticIndustrialOther*40035030025020015010050019701980199020002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202215Description:Inthepastdecade,electricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdomasbeenonthedecline.Householdshaveconsistentlyrankedasthelargestelectricityfinalusersinthecountry.In2022,householdsintheUKconsumed96terawatt-hoursofelectricity,orroughly35percentofthetotalconsumption.Meanwhile,theindustrialsector'sconsumptionofelectricityhasfallenfrom117terawatt-hoursin2005to85terawatt-hoursin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1970to2022;*Includespublicadministration,transport,agricultural,andcommercialsectors.ThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKmaterialfrom?Crown,[...]ReadmoreDistributionofelectricitydemandintheUnitedKingdomin2022,bysectorBreakdownofpowerdemandintheUnitedKingdom2022,bysectorShareofelectricityconsumption0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%DomesticEngineering*Chemicals*30%5%4%Foodetc*Paperetc*3%3%Iron&steel*Otherindustries*Shops**1%10%7%Offices**6%Othercommercial**Hotels**Losses***Usedforgeneration***5%5%2%8%16Description:ThedomesticandindustrialsectorsconsumedapproximatelythesameamountofelectricityintheUnitedKingdom.Thetwosectorsaccountedforaconsumptionof30and26percentofthetotalpowerusedinthecountryin2022,respectively.TheremainingshareoftheelectricitysuppliedintheUKwasconsumedbytheservicessector,inofficesorcommercialbuildings.Ashareofeightpercentwaslostintransmissionanddistribution.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2022;*Industryelectricityconsumption**Commercialelectricityconsumption***Energyindustryelectricityconsumption.

ThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UK[...]ReadmoreElectricityconsumptionbyhouseholdsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2023(interawatt-hours)DomesticelectricityconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom2000-20231401201008060402002000

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2023*17Description:HouseholdelectricityconsumptionintheUKhasbeenannuallydecliningformostofthecentury.HouseholdsintheUnitedKingdomusedtoconsumeover100terawatt-hoursofelectricityeveryyear.However,in2022,domesticelectricityconsumptiondroppedbelow100terawatt-hoursanditamountedtoapproximately92terawatt-hoursin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;*ProvisionalSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKMeandomesticelectricityconsumptionperhouseholdinGreatBritainin2022,byregion(inkilowatt-hours)HouseholdelectricityconsumptioninGreatBritain2022,byregionElectricityconsumptioninkilowatt-hours1,000

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2,00005002,5003,0003,5004,000EastSouthEast3,719.43,717.4SouthWest3,647.7England3,400.43,392.73,374.33,338.73,327.3OuterLondonScotlandEastMidlandsWestMidlandsNorthWest3,209.83,136.53,125.53,054.62,906.1YorkshireandTheHumberWalesInnerLondonNorthEast18Description:TheEastofEnglandaccountedforthehighestaveragehouseholdelectricityconsumptioninGreatBritainin2022.Thatyear,itaddedupto3,720kilowatt-hoursperhousehold.Incomparison,householdsintheNorthEastofEnglandhadthelowestaverageconsumption,at2,906kilowatt-hoursperhousehold.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(GreatBritain);2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKEnergyindustryuseofelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2023(interawatt-hours)EnergyindustryuseofelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2000-2023353025201510502000

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2023*19Description:TheuseofelectricitybytheBritishenergyindustryhasannuallydeclinedformostofthepastdecade.In2023,thesector'selectricityconsumptionamountedtolessthan20terawatt-hours,thelowestfigureintheperiodunderconsideration.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;*Provisionalfigure.?Figureshavebeenrounded.ThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKmaterialfrom?Crown,licensedundertheOpenGovernment[...]

ReadmoreElectricityconsumptionfortransportationintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(in1,000metrictonsofoilequivalent)ElectricityconsumptionintransportationintheUnitedKingdom2010-20229008007006005004003002001000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220Description:ElectricityconsumptionfortransportationintheUnitedKingdompresentedanoveralltrendofgrowthintheperiodofconsideration,peakingatalmost800thousandmetrictonsofoilequivalentin2022.Theelectricityconsumptioninthissectoralmostdoubledthroughouttheperiodunderconsideration.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKElectricitylostintransmissionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)inselectedyearsfrom1970to2022(interawatt-hours)ElectricitylossesintransmissionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)1970-2022403735302520151052828272727262626262525221801970198019902000200520102015201620172018201920202021202221Description:Everyyear,theUnitedKingdomlosesashareofgeneratedelectricitythroughtransmission.In2022,transmissionlossesamountedtoaround25terawatt-hours,orapproximatelyeightpercentoftheelectricitysuppliedintheUKthatyear.Transmissionlossesstoodabove30terawatt-hoursintheearly2000's.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1970to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCHAPTER

04ImportsNetelectricityimportsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from1990to2022(inmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent)NetelectricityimportsintheUnitedKingdom1990-20222.52.01.52.11.81.81.81.61.51.51.31.21.2111.00.50.70.50.20.0-0.5-1.0-0.5199020002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202223Description:NetelectricityimportsintheUnitedKingdomhavefluctuatedovertheyears.In2022,theUKwasanetexporterofelectricity.Figurespeakedin2021,whenthecountryimportedovertwomillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1990to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKElectricityimportsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2022(ingigawatt-hours)ElectricityimportsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2000-202235,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000020002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202224Description:ImportsofelectricityintheUnitedKingdomhaveseenanoverallincreasesincetheturnofthecentury,despitesomefluctuations.In2022,theUK'selectricityimportsamountedto15.5terawatt-hours,adecreaseincomparisontothepreviousyear.Thelowestelectricityimportvolumeoftheperiodwasrecordedin2010,atroughly7.1terawatt-hours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKProjecteddemandforelectricitynetimportsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2022to2040(inmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent)ProjectedelectricitynetimportsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2022-20403.53.02.52.01.53111.00.500.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-12022202520302035204025Description:ThedemandforelectricitynetimportsintheUnitedKingdomisforecasttooscillate,from2022to2040andreachthreemillionmetrictonsofoilequivalentinthelatter.The?UK'sconsumptionofelectricityintheUKisforecasttobegrowupto32.2milliontonsofoilequivalentby2040.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2022;ReferencescenarioSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCHAPTER

05EnergybillsElectricitysalesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(interawatt-hours)ElectricitysalesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-2022350300250200150100500201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202227/statistics/550163/electricity-sales-ukElectricitysalesintheUnitedKingdomhavedeclinedoverallthroughoutthepastdecade.Between2010and2022,figuresdecreasedbymorethan19percent,fromroughly320terawatt-hoursintheformeryear,to256.7terawatt-hoursinthelatter.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKAverageannualdomesticelectricitybillintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2023(inBritishpounds)AnnualdomesticelectricitybillintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-20233,600kWh/year5,100kWh/year1,4001,2001,00080060040020002010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202328Description:TheaverageannualdomesticelectricitybillintheUnitedKingdomsawanoverallincreasefrom2010to2022andboomedin2023.Inthisperiod,householdswithanannualconsumptionof5,100kilowatt-hourssawbillsrisefrom539to1,152Britishpounds,includingvalue-addedtax.ThehouseholdexpenditureonelectricityintheUKamountedtoapproximately26.3billioncurrentBritishpoundsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2007to2023;Billsaredeflatedto2010termsusingtheGDP(marketprices)deflator.Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKAverageannualdomesticstandardelectricitybillintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2023,bypaymentmethod(inBritishpounds)AnnualdomesticstandardelectricitybillintheUK2010-2023,bypaymentmethodStandardCreditDirectdebitPrepayment1,2001,00080060040020002010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202329Description:ConsumersusingadirectdebitmethodofpaymenthadthelowestaveragedomesticstandardelectricitybillintheUnitedKingdomuntil2021,althoughprepaymentaccountedfortheleastexpensivebillin2022and2023.Formostofthedecade,prepaymentincurredthehighestaveragebillsforconsumers,howeverfrom2016ithasbeensurpassedbystandardcredit.In2023,standardcreditcustomerspaidanaverageof959poundsfortheirelectricitybill.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2023;Billsaredeflatedto2010termsusingtheGDP(marketprices)deflator.Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKHouseholdexpenditureonelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(inmillionBritishpounds)HouseholdelectricityexpenditureintheUnitedKingdom2010-202230,00025,00020,00026,31220,11518,60717,80017,89916,35516,18515,96215,37015,47115,21115,00010,0005,000013,79613,397201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202230Description:ThehouseholdexpenditureonelectricitypricesintheUnitedKingdompeakedin2022,duringtheglobalcrisisthatstronglyaffectedtheEuropeanenergymarket.Britishhouseholdsspentatotalof26.3billioncurrentBritishpoundsinelectricity,anincreasecomparedtothepreviousyear.Thiswasthehighestexpenditureduringtheperiodof