高中英語定語從句詳解

高中英語定語從句詳解

定語從句主要用于修飾句子中的名詞、代詞或上文提到的一件事（句子）0而定語從句的位

置常常是緊跟在被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子的后面。在被修飾的名詞、代詞（先行詞）與定

語從句之間往往有一個關系詞將其前后兩部分聯系成一個整體。關系詞與后面的句子合稱定

語從句。

1）threesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromaheartattack

三種意味著一個人患心臟病的跡象

在這個帶有定語從句的短語中：signs是：被修飾的名詞；

that是:關系詞;

thatindicateapersonissufferingfromaheartattack是定語從句

2）thosewhodrinkalot那些大量飲酒的人

在這個帶有定語從句的短語中：

those是：被修飾的代詞；

who是：關系詞；

whodrinkalot是：定語從句。

3）Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourroommate?

你知道她的哥哥與你同寢室的那位女孩的名字嗎？

通過上面的演示，我們可以歸納出：

（1）定語從句在英語中放在被修飾的詞后，翻譯成漢語時置于被修飾的詞之前，且有漢字

“的”

（2）定語從句在句子中的位置、結構如下：

被修飾的名詞/代詞+關系詞+句子（其中，"被修飾的名詞/代詞"在語法叫作"先行詞".）

要點提示：

1）先行詞=關系詞。所以先行詞在從句中不在出現。先行詞的意義以及它在從句中的語法

功能（句子成分）決定關系詞的選擇。

定語從句中的關系詞只有兩類：關系代詞和關系副詞；所有關系詞不但都有具體的意義而且

都在從句中擔任一定的成分。

1）關系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that等。

who用于代替”表示人的意義”的先行詞，并且在從句中充當主語，也可充當賓語。但不能放

在介詞之后。介詞后的賓語用whom

whose用于代替“表示人或物意義”的先行詞，用在從句中時，后要跟一個名詞，與那個名

詞合起來相當于一個關系詞，在從句中擔當主語或賓語。Whose常表達"先行詞的”之意

which用于代替"表示事物意義”的先行詞，在從句中作主語、賓語。

that既用于代替"表示人的意義”的先行詞，也用于代替“表示事物意義”的先行詞；在從句中

既可以作主語，也可以作謂語動詞的賓語，但是不能跟介詞后作介詞的賓語，介詞后用

whicho在一定范圍內,that=who/whom/which。

要點提示：雖然that即可指人，也可指代物，習慣上指代人時，常用who。

總結：(1)怎么判斷定語從句(2)怎么選擇關系詞：當先行詞指,?…時

如：填空，翻譯

1)Ihavenoideaaboutthemanwrotethearticle.

2)ThelittleboyissingingtherecanrecitequietanumberofChinese

poems.

3)lknowthegirlyoutalkedtojustnow

4)Thatwasafaultcouldnotbeforgiven.

5)l*vegotanovelyoumayliketoread.

6)ThisisthebookfromIknowthefamousperson.

7)Whoisthegirlyoutalkedtojustnow?

8)Thisistheverybookyouarelookedforyesterday.

9)Thebookswhichsellwellarewrittenbyhim.

10)Thebookwhichsellswelliswrittenbyhim.

11)Theworldweliveinismadeofmatter.

12)Theworldinweliveismadeofmatter.

要點提示：(1)關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。

避免重復，指人時，主句有who,從句用that

(2)That和which指代物時的區(qū)別

先行詞本身是all,everything,something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時，

例如：

AllthatIhaveismoney.

Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.你一定出了什么事。

Theyhadnothingthatcouldcureofhisdisease.他們沒有一點能治愈他疾病的東西了。

先行詞已有序數詞或形容詞的最高級或thelast,theonly等作定語時，例如：

ThisisthemostimpressiveTVthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.這是以前從未上

演過的最有感染力的電視劇。

Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。

Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatweneedtodo.

我們必須要考慮我們需要做的第一件事。

-當先行詞表示事物意義，并且在從句中作介詞的賓語，那么就只能用which

ItisthesecondthingaboutwhichIbecomecrazy.

(3)定語從句中，謂語動詞的單復數取決于先行詞的單復數。

特例：1Sheisoneofthestudentswhohavebeenabroad.

2Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenabroad.

2）關系副詞：

when=在什么時候，where=在什么地方，why=為什么原因，

在英文中用哪個具體的介詞，得依具體漢語意思而定了

關系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，關系副詞在從句中作狀語（不缺主語，賓語，表

語）

when代替表示時間的名詞，在從句中充當狀語

例如：

1）PeoplewillalwaysrememberthetimeHongkongandMacaoreturned

toourmotherland.

2）Wedon'tknowtheexacttimetheEnglishEveningwillbeheld.

3）1stiilrememberthedayswespenttogether.

where代替表示地點的名詞，在從句中充當狀語。例如：

1）Theplacewe'retohavetheSpeechContesthasnotbeendecidedyet.

2）Heislivinginanewly-builthousethereusedtobeapond.

3）Hehasfoundtheschoolhismothertoldhim.

why代替表示原因的名詞，在從句中充當狀語。例如：

1）Hedidn'ttellherthereasonhewassohappy.

2）Theyexplainedthereasontoustheyhadmisunderstoodusbefore.

3）Thereasonheexplainedisnotsoacceptable.

當名詞時way時，關系詞可以用that,inwhich或省略關系詞

Hecan'tunderstandthewaytheteachertoldhim.

Hecan'tunderstandthewaytheteachersolveproblemo

Hecan'tfindawayreallyworks.

關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞，而這種結構中較難解決的問題是介詞的選擇問題，因為這個

問題的解決取決于多種因素：

A）動詞與介詞的搭配B）名詞與介詞的搭配C）形容詞與介詞的搭配，等等。總之，要依

從句的具體需要而定。

例如：

A）動詞與介詞的搭配

Hehasfoundagoodjobforwhichheisqualified.（qualify+名詞+for"使…具有…資格

"）他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。

Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowwillchairthemeetingtomorrow.（talkto+名詞"

與某人談話“）你剛才與他談話的那個人明天主持那個會議.

B）名詞與介詞的搭配

Theyarestilllivinginthelittlehouseinwhich（=）they'vebeenlivingfor15

years.（inthehouse"在屋子里"）

他們現在還住在他們已住了15年的那個小房子里。

Hewentthroughahardtimeduringwhich（=）helostmanytimes.

C）形容詞與介詞的搭配

Thesecretarywithwhomthebossisnothappyw川befiredforherinefficiency.（happy

w讓h”對…表示滿意”）

老板對其不滿意的那個秘書將由于她沒有工作效率而被解雇。

I'vefoundthejobforwhichI'vebeeneagerforalongtime.（eagerfor”渴望得至!|）我

已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。

Heisalearnedmanwithwhomwearefamiliar.

（familiarwith熟悉…）他是一位我們熟悉的有學識的人。

D）他有三個兒子，三個都是醫(yī)生。

定語從句的種類

在英文中，有兩種定語從句：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句。這兩種定語從句在其功

能和形式方面都有明顯的區(qū)別：

限定性定語從句

限定性定語從句與主句的關系很緊奏，對其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。如果將其去掉，會

影響句子意思的完整性；有時甚至于引起費解、誤解。

Theyexplainedthereasontouswhytheyhadhatedusbefore.

他們向我們解釋為什么他們不喜歡我們的原因。

非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句在形式上就與主句很松散，它與主句之間有一個逗點“，“隔開；起補充、

說明的作用。即使將其去掉，也不會影響句子意思。另外，非限定性定語從句在中文譯文里,

我們往往將其作為一個分句處理，而不把它作定語翻譯。

Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.（此句中,非限定性

定語從句是對全句進行補充、說明，將全句表達的意思看成“一件事情）。太陽給予大地熱，

這就使植物的生長成為可能。

Wehaveoneearth/offersusourhome.

Theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.（此句中,非限定性定語從句是對先行詞son

進行補充、說明。但本句所傳達的信息是："這位老人只有一個兒子"。如果將此句改寫成

限定性定語從句：

非限定性定語從句中，代指人時，用who或whom：代指人以外的名詞時時，用which。

即：非限定性定語從句中不能用that充當關系詞。此時，關系詞一律充當主語，賓語或表

語。例如:

Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.

太陽給予大地熱，這就使植物的生長成為可能。

Themostimportantformofenergyiselectricalenergy,whichiswidelyusedinourdaily

life.最重要的能源形式是電能，它廣泛地運用于我們的日常生活之中。

Heisthirteen,whocomesfromamiddleschool.

若在非限定性定語從句中作狀語時，關系詞的選擇不變

Rabbitsmaketheirhomesinfields,theycanhidetheiryoungunderbushes.

Iwillneverforgetthedays,wespenttogetherhappily.

Iwillneverforgetthedays,weworkedtogether.

-as可以作為關系代詞引導限定性定語從句、非限定性定語從句。例如：限定性定語從句

（常用于.such…as,as.....as,,,,,和thesame…as等句式中）

Suchpointsasyou*vementionedarereallyimportantinsolvingtheproblem.

你提到的這些方面在解決這個問題上的確很重要。

Peoplesuchasyoudescribearerarelyseennowadays.

你描述的這種人現在很少見了。

Thiscomputerhasthesamefunctionsasthatonehas.

這臺計算機有著和那臺計算機一樣的功能。

as可以作為關系代詞引導非限定性定語從句時，as是指全句：也就是說，將整個主句看成

一件事或是一個事實；并對其進行補充、說明。這種非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前,

也可以放在主句之后。常翻譯為“正如??????."）

AsIknow,shehasn*tgotmarried.如我所知，她還未結婚。

Theywonthefirstplaceinthegame,ascouldbeexpected.

可以預料，他們在比賽中得了第一。

ProfessorLiisextremelypopularamongstudents,asisknowntoallofus.如我們大家所

知，李教授極受學生們的歡迎。

Which常翻譯為“這???????.，這件事.....”，且引導的從句常放在主句之后。

幾個特殊的先行詞：situation,stage,case,point,scene,position,他們在定語從句中充當

先行詞時，常用where引導從句，且在從句中作狀語。如：

Weoftencomeacrossthiscaseweneedhelp.

1DoyoustillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

2I'mgoingtovisittheschoolmymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

3Apaperplantispaperismade.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

4Theystayedwithmeforthreeweeks,theydrankallthewineIhad.

A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich

5.--Howdoyoulikethecake?

--一IfsquitedifferentfromIhadlastmonth.

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

6.TheNile,electricityisproduced,nolongerdestroysv川agesandcrops.

A.whichB.fromwhichC.fromitD.fromthat

7.Inthe1950s,blacksdidn'thaveequalrights,alotofmarchestookplace.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.fromwhich

8.Bob'sfather,,spentfouryearsinEgypt.

A.thatworkedontheprojectB.heworkedontheproject

C.whoworkedontheprojectD.whomworkedontheproject

9.Theretiringteachermadeaspeechshethankedtheclassforthegift.

A.whichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.that

10.HehastoworkonSundays,hedoesnotlike.

A.andwhichB.whichC.andwhenD.when

11.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mosthadn'tbeen

cleanedforyears.

A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.ofwhich

12Theboys,couldnotreachtheshelf,wenttolookforsomethingtostand

on.

A.thetallofwhomB.thetallestofwhomC.thetallestoneD.thetallestofthem

13.Rabbitsmaketheirhomesinfields,hidetheiryoungunderbushesor

amongtallgrasses.

A.canwheretheyB.wheretheycanC.wherecantheyD.wherecan

14IsthisthefactorycolorTVsetsareproduced?

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat

15.Whoisthatcomradewasthere?

A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whose

16.ThisisMrSmith,Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

17.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,mademeveryhappy.

A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which

仿真訓練

1Sheworeaheavyfurcoatinsuchahotday,Ifoundquitestrange.

1)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when

2Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestisTaiwan.

A.inwhichB.atwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich

3Wecametoaplacetheyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.

A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.which

4Itwastwelveo'clocktheyfinishedthework.

A.SinceB.whichC.thatD.when

5Heoftenhelpsthestudentshethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.

A.whomB.WhoC.whenD.because

6IstherearestaurantaroundIhavesomethingtoeat?

A.ThatB.whatC.WhichD.where

7Intheopenboat,thefourmen,wasadoctor,metwithastormonthesea.

A.oneofwhichB.oneofwhoC.oneofwhomD.oneofthem

8.Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.

A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.withoutwhich

9.Thebook,thecoverisbroken,isnotmine.

A.ofitB.forC.whoseD.ofwhich

10.Thehighbuildingisabighotel.

A.wearelookingatitB.welookingC.atthatwearelookingD.wearelookingat

11.Thebabyisnothers.

A.ofthatsheistakinggoodcareB.whosheistakinggoodcare

C.ofwhosheistakinggoodcareD.whomsheistakinggoodcareof

12ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthat

far-awayvillage.

A.UntilB.ThatC.whenD.where

13isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

14Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

15AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,hegrewupas

achild.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when

16—1drovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthatthereasonyouhadafewdaysoff?

A.WhyB.WhenC.WhatD.that

1.Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.

A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose

2.Allisneededisasupplyofoil.

A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which

3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.

A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

4.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere?

A.WhomB.WhichC.ThatD.he

5.Whoisthemanyoujusttalkedto?

A.XB.whichC.whoeverD.whose

6.WangHaiisthestudenthomecaughtfirelastnight.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whose

7.Isthisthepenyouwerewriting?

A.withthatB.withwhichC.tothatD.towhich

8Whichsentenceiswrong?

A.DoyouknowthemanthatistalkingwithMr.Li?

B.Hedidallhecouldtohelpme.

C.Thisistheroomthatweoftenholdmeetingsin.

D.Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.

9.,theGreatWallcameintobeinginQinDynasty.

A.It'sclearB.WeallknowC.AsweallknowD.Itseemed

10.Herbag,sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.

A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.that

11.Thesoliderrantothebuilding,flewaflag.

A.onthetopofwhichB.onthetopofthatC.onthetopofitD.which

12.Istillrememberthedaywegotmarried.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when

13.Thefactoryhismotherworksisintheeastofthecity.

A.ThatB.whichC.onwhichD.where

14.ThehousewindowsopentothesouthisZhangShan's.

A.WhichB.ThatC.whoseD.its

15.Hetriedtofindahammerhecouldrepairthedesk.

A.throughwhichB.withwhichC.bywhichD.usingwhich

16Lastnightwewatchedtheplay"LeiFeng",wasverymoving.

A.WhoB.whoseC.thatD.which

17.Hecametothecity,thereisafamoustowercalledYellowCarne

Tower.

A.onwhichB.inwhereC.whichD.where

18.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthey

rememberedintheschool.

A.WhichB.ThatC.whoD.whom

19.Thatistheonlydictionaryheoftenturnstoforhelp.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.one

20.Allthepencilsshehadboughtatachappricebroke.

A.WhichB.ThatC.whatD.those

21.Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?

A.thatB.XC.whichD.it

22.—Whataboutthephoto?

—It'smuchbetterthanshetooklastweek.

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.one

23.Hehasdroppedthenecklacetothedrawerthemoneyiskept.

A.inwhereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which

24.It'sthefifthtimelatethisterm.

A.thatyou'vearrivedB.thatyouarrivedC.whenyou'vearrivedD.whenyou

arrived

25.Eachtimeshecametoseemeshewouldadvisemetogiveup

smoking.

A.asB.duringC.whileD.X

26.ItistheplaygroundIpickedupthisjacket.

A.inwhichB.thatC.fromthereD.where

27.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinBeijing,livemy

uncleandsomerelatives.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich

28.Shemustfailtheexam,canbeseenfromhereyes.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

29.Thestadiums,werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyalotof

footballfanswhohadnotickets.

A.mostofthatB.mostofwhichC.whichmostD.thatmost

30.Mr.Frank,everybodyloves,hasgonetotheUK.

A.whomB.thatC.whichD.X

31.Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,weremissing.

A.withwhichB.withitC.withoutwhichD.withoutit

32.I,yourhusband,willstandbyyou.

A.whoisB.thatisC.whoamD.thatam

33.Ourteacherisamanofgreatexperience,muchcanbelearned.

A.whoB.howC.fromwhichD.fromwhom

34.Hemakesgooduseofthetimehecanspare.

A.whenB.thatC.onwhichD.who

35.Suchpeopleyourefertoarerarenowadays.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.who

36.We'llneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherlastsummer.

A.whenB.thatC.howD.onwhich

37.Thefivestoreyedbuildingoverthere,wassetupthreeyearsago,

isourteachingbuilding.

A.itB.thatC.whereD.which

38.ItisthebestfilmI'veseenthisyear.

A.thatB.whichC.sinceD.and

39.Ioftenhearfrommybrother,worksasadoctor.

A.thatB.whoC.heD.whom

40.LastyearIvisitedthehouseIusedtoliveinmythirties.

A.which