大學(xué)物理英語(yǔ)詞匯

oscillation/vibration振動(dòng)spring彈簧oscillator振子pendulum單擺compoundpendulum復(fù)合擺damp阻尼resonance共振friction摩擦力equilibriumposition平衡位置restoringforce回復(fù)力drivingforce驅(qū)動(dòng)力amplitude振幅period周期frequency頻率angularfrequency角頻率instricproperties固有屬性simpleharmonicmotion（SHM）簡(jiǎn)諧振動(dòng)beproportional（directly）to與…成正比interference干涉diffraction衍射reflection反射refraction折射wavelength波長(zhǎng)wedge劈尖intensity強(qiáng)度coherentwave相干波transmission透過(guò)boundary邊界mechanicalwaves機(jī)械波phasedifference相位差standingwaves駐波travelingwaves行波crest（peak）波峰trough（valley）波谷transversewave橫波longitudinalwave縱波identicalfrequency相同的頻率interferenceofwaves波的干涉destructiveinterference相消干涉constructiveinterference相漲干涉wavepathdifference波程差opticalpathdifference光程差half—wavelengthloss半波損失Huygen’sPrinciple惠更斯原理Double-slitInterference楊氏雙縫干涉optics光學(xué)geometricoptics幾何光學(xué)physicaloptics物理光學(xué)waveoptics波動(dòng)光學(xué)quantumoptics粒子光學(xué)polarization偏振wavesurface波面waveline波線(xiàn)wavefront波前sphericalwave球面波planewave平面波wavelet子波isotropic各項(xiàng)同性instant時(shí)刻incident入射的normalline法線(xiàn)doubleslit雙縫brightfringe明紋darkfringe暗紋Newton’sring牛頓環(huán)adjacent相鄰的equalinclinationinterference等傾干涉equalthicknessinterference等厚干涉high-resolution高精度resolution分辨率overlap重疊grating光柵fixed固定的(確定的)secondarymaxima次極大diffractionangle衍射角gratingconstant光柵常數(shù)gratingfunction光柵方程diffractiongrating衍射光柵transmissiongrating透射光柵reflectiongrating反射光柵missingorderofdiffractiongrating光柵的缺級(jí)TEM透射電子顯微鏡SEM隧道掃瞄電子顯微鏡unpolarizedlight非偏振光polarizedlight偏振光naturallight自然光crystal晶體Polaroidsheet/polarizer起偏片analyzer檢偏器vertical垂直的polarization偏振completelypolarizedlight完全偏振光partlypolarizedlight部分偏振光ellipse/circlepolarizedlight橢圓/圓偏振光polarizationoflight光的偏振astackofglassplates玻璃片堆quantum量子blackbody黑體anode陽(yáng)極cathode陰極photon光子atom原子exert施加linear線(xiàn)性的eject激發(fā)illuminate使照亮radiation輻射electricfield電場(chǎng)ammeter電流表photoelectron光電子circuit電路hypothesis假設(shè)/假說(shuō)instantaneity瞬時(shí)性u(píng)ndulatoryproperty波動(dòng)性corpuscularproperty粒子性atomaticspectra原子光譜absorptionspectra吸收光譜emissionspectra發(fā)射光譜photoelectriceffect光電效應(yīng)thermalradiation熱輻射electromagneticwave電磁波photoelectriccurrent光電流absolutetemperature絕對(duì)溫度cut-offvoltage截止電壓workfunction逸出功/功函數(shù)cut-offfrequency截止頻率conservationofenergy能量守恒angularmomentum角動(dòng)量conservationofmomentum動(dòng)量守恒mainquantumnumber主量子數(shù)ionizationenergy電離能excitedstate激發(fā)態(tài)highenergystate/higherstate高能態(tài)Thermalradiationinequilibrium平