高考英語(yǔ)故事類(lèi)閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥

高考英語(yǔ)故事類(lèi)閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥故事類(lèi)閱讀理解在歷年高考中都是必考體裁之一，屬于記敘文。這類(lèi)文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及結(jié)局，有人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件。故事一般取材于真實(shí)的生活事件、通過(guò)故事來(lái)抒發(fā)某種情感。主題?般與家庭、友誼、勵(lì)忐等等有美，貼近生活、弘揚(yáng)正能量。敘事手法大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序來(lái)展開(kāi)。一\命題特點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解該題型主要考查快速定位信息的能力，在故事類(lèi)閱讀理解中占半壁江山。該題型設(shè)置靈活、考查面廣。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，該題型會(huì)根據(jù)文章的具體信息如:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、過(guò)程等進(jìn)行命題。部分答案可以直接從文章的字里行間找到答案，有l(wèi)些則需要時(shí)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行篩選、對(duì)比、排除才能獲得最終答案。其難點(diǎn)在于如何在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)做到定位準(zhǔn)確，同時(shí)還需對(duì)內(nèi)容理解到位。推理判斷該題型屬于邏輯判斷題，需要根據(jù)文章的字面意思進(jìn)行透徹理解，挖掘深層次的含義，對(duì)事件的矛盾、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)或人物的性格及心理活動(dòng)作出判斷。大部分情況下，該題型需要分析事情發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系，如:因果關(guān)系、對(duì)立關(guān)系等;分析人物的目的、動(dòng)機(jī)、語(yǔ)氣等:根據(jù)故事發(fā)展預(yù)想故事結(jié)局;猜測(cè)作者對(duì)于某一觀點(diǎn)的傾向性、態(tài)度等。該題型的難點(diǎn)在于考生容易脫離原文進(jìn)行過(guò)多的主觀臆想，導(dǎo)致判斷偏差。主旨?xì)w納該題型也是故事類(lèi)閱讀中最?？嫉念}型之?，一般來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)出現(xiàn)在最后一題，考查歸納和概括能力。它要求考生在把握文章脈絡(luò)及情節(jié)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等對(duì)文章的主旨進(jìn)行總結(jié)。其難點(diǎn)在于有的文章各段落主旨不一，容易混淆文章主次，分不清重要主旨。二、閱讀策略和解題技巧讀略泛讀:了解文章主題、每段的段落大意，對(duì)故事的發(fā)展和走向有大概的了解。跳讀:有取有舍，抓關(guān)鍵信息，省略次要信息，捕捉本質(zhì)信息，提高閱讀效率。精讀:逐字逐句，剖析文章內(nèi)核，深刻理解故事內(nèi)涵，實(shí)現(xiàn)精神層面的升華。解題技巧.逆向思維，先讀題再看文章.故事類(lèi)文章大多是有情節(jié)的記敘文，讀題時(shí)不僅能對(duì)文章大意有一個(gè)大致了解，同時(shí)如果帶著問(wèn)題瀏覽文章，能更容易關(guān)注到有效信息、準(zhǔn)確定位，提高做題效率。這種方法不僅可以讓考生從總體上把握文章，也節(jié)省了閱讀時(shí)間。.抓三大要索一人物、沖突、問(wèn)題解決。故事類(lèi)文章的作者通常會(huì)試圖傳達(dá)某些道理、感悟或者教訓(xùn)，而這些往往會(huì)通過(guò)主要人物在面對(duì)沖突、解決困難或問(wèn)題時(shí)的表現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。因此，在閱讀故事類(lèi)文章時(shí)，需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注主要人物的描寫(xiě)，如:人物的語(yǔ)言、動(dòng)作等描寫(xiě):人物所面臨的沖突以及如何解決沖突等。結(jié)尾是總結(jié)要點(diǎn)、回扣主題的部分，文章中沖突的解決、作者的感悟一般都位于文章結(jié)尾處。因此，通過(guò)文章末段基本可以確定故事的主題以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的。A難度:★★★ 話題:培養(yǎng)良好習(xí)慣時(shí)間:6分鐘文章詞數(shù):313 正確率:74Studiesestimatethatwepickupoursmartphonesbetween58and96timesaday.Ifmyphoneisbymyside,thenI'mconstantlycheckingit.Lastyear.Idecidedtomakeachange:IsignedupforthePhoneBreakupChallenge.Thegoalisn'ttogetridofyourphone,buttodevelopamoreintentionalwayofusingit.Thefirstfewdayswereeasyenough.Beforeunlockingmyphone,Imustanswerthreequestionsfirst-"Whatfor?Whynow?Whatelse?".1keptthequestionsonmylockscreen.OnDay7,Ihadlunchwithoutmyphoneforcompany.Itwaspleasant.Irealizedthat,byalwayshavingmyphoneonhand,Iwaspreventingmyselffromsittingstillwithmythoughts.Oneofthebiggestlessonsofthechallengewasthatwillpowerwasn'tenough,huthavingmultiplebarrierstomakeitlessappealingandaccessibledidhelp.Day20wasthelong-awaited24-hourno-phoneperiod.Itwasmucheasiertonotcheckmyphonewhenitwastotallyoffinsteadofinanotherroom.Inoticedthatafeelingofcalmhadspreadwithinme.It'struethatphonesarefunandfilledwithmyfavoritepeople.There'snothingwrongwithmindlessdistraction.Theproblemiswhenthatbecomesahabit.NotconstantlycheckingmyphonehelpedreducethatannoyinghabitoftextingandtalkingatthesametimeorpullingoutmyphonewhenbeingwithsomeoneIlovehangingoutwith.Now,IampleasedtoseeIreallydousemyphoneless.WhenIgethome,Ileavemyphoneinmybagbythedoorinsteadofbringingitfromroomtoroom.InowalsoenjoyactivitiesthatIusedtorunoutoftimefor.likegoingforneighborhoodwalksortryingnewrecipes.1.WhydidtheauthortakepartinthePhoneBreakupChallenge?A.Toleadalifewithoutusingaphone.Toimproveherphone-usinghabit.Todoresearchabouttheuseofphones.Todistractherselffromsocialmedia.Whatcanweleamabouttheauthor'sfirstfewdaysof(hechallenge?Shehadahardtimeignoringherphone.Sheturnedherphoneofftoavoidusingit.Shelockedherphonewithanewpassword.D.Sheenjoyedkeepingherphoneaway.Whatisabetterwaytodetachfromourphone,accordingtotheauthor?A.Makeithardtoaccessit.B.Findfunfromotheractivities.C.Askothersforsupervision.D.Buildstrongself-discipline.Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinthetext?Mindlessdistractionisapartofourlives.Reducingscreentimeisnotsodifficult.Spendinglesstimeonourphoneisbeneficial.D.Technologymakesithardtorustoconcentrate.難度:★★★話題:保護(hù)自然環(huán)境時(shí)間:6分鐘文章詞數(shù):330 正確率:/4LifefindsmeontheIsleofIslay.QueenoftheHebrides.Iamthewarden（管理員）ofTheOaReserve,a2,100-hectarenaturereserveandworkingfarmownedbytheRoyalSocietyibrtheProtectionofBirds.ItwasalwaysadreamofminetoliveinScotland.Thefriendlynatureoftheislandcommunities,thelandscape,beautifulcoastlinesand-aboveall-thewildlife.Theamazingwildlife.So,hereIam:livingandworkingonthewestcoastofScotlandinadreamjob.But,thingsweren'talwaysthisway.Myschoollifeneverreallyamountedtomuch.1didn'tgoontohighereducationandmyearlyworkinglifewassloppy（馬虎的），atbest.MuchofthiswasduetomydisinterestintheworkIwasdoing.Iworkedinfactories,shops,warehousesandevenacastle.Iwasalwaysunsettledanduninspired.Ineverknewhowtochannelmyinterestandpassionfornatureintoapayingjob.Wildlifeandnaturehadbeenpartofmylifesincemyyouth.Iremembermychildhoodwithgreatfondness:Iwouldreadbirdbooks,doodlefactfilesforeachspeciesandgetlostinthenaturalworld.In2014,theopportunityIsodesperatelyneededfinallyappeared-apaidtraineeshipwithDurhamWildlifeTrust.Iwasgivenallthebasicskillsandtrainingforhabitatcontrol,wildlifesurveysandgroundmanagementworks.InOctober2015,IbecamethereservewardenfortheWildfowl&WetlandsTrust(WWT),whereIstayedforjustunderhalfadecade.Ashappyas1was,newopportunitiesdaredmetodreamevenbigger.Thetimehadcometotakemynextstep,tocontinuelogrowwithinmycareer.So,thisiswhereIamnow:livinginthemiddleofanaturereserve,withgoldeneagles,reddeerandhenharriersasneighbors.IfeelasifI'mtheluckiestmanalive.WhatdoestheauthorlikethemostaboutScotland?A.Itsbeautifulshorelines.B.Itsfriendlycommunities.C.Itswildspecies.D.Itsuniquescenery.Whydidtheauthorfeelunsettledinhisearlyworkinglife?A.Hewasnotwell-paid.B.Hechangedjobstoooften.C.Hefeltinferiortoothers.D.Hefoundhisjobstobeboring.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'schildhood?Hewasfascinatedbynature.HedreamedoflivinginScotland.Hewasforcedtoleaveschoolearly.Heknewalotaboutbiology.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisworkattheWwt?A.Challenging.B.Rewarding.C.Flexible.D.Exhausting.C難度:★★★ 話題:興趣愛(ài)好 時(shí)間:6分鐘文章詞數(shù):327 正確率:/4WhenIwasakid.Icouldn'tresistclimbingtrees.Asycamoregrewinfrontofmyhome.Attheageof10,Iwasjusttallenoughtoreachitslowestbranch.Standingonthatfirstbranch.Iwasabletoreachtheothersandclimbmywayuplikeamonkey,upintothehigherbranchesuntilIfoundmyselftakinginmywholeneighborhoodfromonhigh.Climbingtreesallowedmetoenteranotherworld.Myfriendsand1tookourimaginationswithustonewheights,enteringafortress（城堡），apirateshiporaspaceship.Onesummer,wespentsomuchtimeinthesycamorethatmydadcreatedarope-and-pulley（繩索和滑輪）systemwithanattachedbasket,somymomcouldsendhamsandwichestous.Withthesememoriesinmind,1stillhaveonequestion:Dokidsstillclimbtrees?InmysmallMainetown,therearesomelovelymaplesandoaks,andtheirbranchesspreadwideandopenforexploration.But1havenotyetseenataker.Perhapscomputergameshavesubstitutedfortree-climbing,ormaybetheactivitycametobeviewedastoorisky.Itisasadloss.ThecampusoftheuntversiiywhereIteachnowislovinglylandscapedwithallsortsoftrees,withsomebeingincrediblyold.Duringarecentwalk,1foundmyselfduckingunderthelimbofaspruce（云杉）.Iusedmyfeettoscrabblemywayupthetrunk-noneof山isaseasyasitoncewas-andamomentlaterIwasupinthetree.Thenthememoriescamefloodingback.IwassolostinmythoughtsthatIdidn'thearthestudentcallingtomefrombelow.HeaskedwhatIwasdoing.uComeonup,"1said.**Theair'sfine."Butheonlylaughed,wavedmeoffandcontinuedonhisway.Hedidn'tknowwhathewasmissing.Whydidtheauthorenjoyclimbingtreeswhenhewasachild?Itfueledhisimagination.Itallowedhimtoseeafortress.C.Itlethimswingontreebranches.D.Itenabledhimtooverlookthecity.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostlikelyreasonthatkidshavestoppedclimbingtrees?Theconcernaboutdamagingtrees.Thedifficultyoffindingsuitabletrees.Thepopularityofcomputergames.Thedesireformorechallengingactivities.Whathappenedwhentheauthorclimbedupaspruceoncampus?Hewascriticizedbyhisstudents.Herealizedhispassionlorclimbingtreeswasgone.Hefoundhimselflessflexiblethanhehadbeen.Heieltsadwhenrecallingpastexperiences.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?Todescribethebenefitsofclimbingtrees.Topersuadechildrentoclimbtrees.Toshareajoyfulchildhoodmemory.D.Topresentthefunofclimbingtrees.難度:★★★ 話題:疾病與健康 時(shí)間:6分鐘文章詞數(shù):322 正確率:/4Iamsomeonewhoisoutgoing,chattyandfriendly.Icanappreciatethatatfirstglance1donotappeartobeanydifferentfromanyoneelse.Eventhough1presentmyselfasneurotypical（神經(jīng)正常的），thatisentirelydowntomasking.Theonlyreason1don't"looklike"thetraitsassociatedwithautism（自閉茹：）isbecauseIamoftenusingeveryfiberofmybeingtoforcemyselftoappear“normal”.Notallautisticpeopledothis,butIdo.Ismilewhenever1wanttobangmyheadagainstthewallandscream.Isay,"Oh.that'sfine!"whenarestaurantdoesn'thavewhatIwant,andthelossmakesmefeellikemyskinisonfire.Iforcemyselftomakeeyecontact,laughandfocusonconversations.ButsometimesIcan'tmaintainit.Sometimes,overwhelmedbyunexpectedimpulses（沖動(dòng)），mymaskslips.HowsomebodyrespondstomeinthosemomentstellsmeeverythingIneedtoknowabouttheirviewofautisticpeople.Iassumethatthereisalackofunderstanding.Whenpeoplebecomeannoyedthat1cancelplans,orwhenIfreakout（極度不安）whenIexperienceneworstrangesounds,tastesandtextures,theyundoubtedlylackempathy.Inthesemoments,Icanseeanyacceptanceofautisticpeoplefromthesekindsofpeopleisforshow.Itiseasytosaythatyousupportautisticpeople;butifyouareonlysupportivewhenthatpersonpresentsasneurotypical,thenthatisn'trealsupport.So,tellingmethatI“don'tlookautistic”ismoredenialthanitiscomplimentary.Someoneshouldn'thaveto“l(fā)ookautistic“foryoutobelievetheyareautistic,norshouldanyonereceivemoresupportjustbecausetheypassasneurotypical.Weareallcupcakes,whetherwelooklikeitornot,andareallequallydeservingofempathyandsupport.Whydoesn'ttheauthorappearautistic?A.Hefeelscomfortablewithhimself.B.Hehasgoodpeopleskills.C.Hetriestobehavenormally.D.Heisrecoveringfromautism.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthewayautisticpeoplearetreated?Theyaregivenalotofsupport.Theydeserverealcareandconcern.C.Theyaretaughttocontroltheirimpulses.D.Theyaresupportedlikenormalpeople.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenbeingtoldhedoesn'tlookautistic?A.Delighted.B.Surprised.C.Encouraged.D.Offended.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?Tocallformoreunderstandingofautisticpeople.Toshowhisempathyforallthosewithautism.Tosharehisexperienceassomeonewithautism.Toremovemisunderstandingsaboutautisticpeople.難度:★★★★ 話題:旅行 時(shí)間:7分鐘文章詞數(shù):351 正確率"4CampingisariteofpassageifyougrowupinCanada.it,sachild'sfirsttasteofwhatlivinginthewildreallymeans.Butgrowingupasanimmigrant（移民）fromIndia,Ithoughtitwasstrange.Isimplydidn'tunderstandwhysomanypeoplelovednaturewhenthecomfortofyourhomestillexisted.ThenIturned26andstartedtryingnewthings.IhadbeenexperiencingmentalhealthissuesforquitesometimeandIdiscoveredbeingoutinnaturehelpedmecalmdown.So.Idecidedtotrycamping.ThenightbeforethetripIwasquiteexcited.ThenIoverheardaconversationbetweenmyfatherandmother.4,Whydoesshehavetodothis?Doesn'tsheknowshecanjuststayathome?”myfatherasked.“ThisiswhatCanadiankidsdo,it'sokay,she'llbefine!"mymomexplained.Myparentshadnofaithinmesurvivingonenightinthewild.MyfriendsandIsetupourcampsiteinthewoods.Asthedaywenton.weate.playedbythewaterandmetourcampingneighbors.Timefeltlikeitsloweddown;lifefeltgentlerandeasier.Suddenly,1realized:Iwasdoingit!Iwascamping!Asthedayturnedintonight,thestarscameoutandIwasamazedbyallthetwinklinglightsaboveme.Iwon'tlie.Ihadtheworstsleepofmylife.MomingcameandIwasupandreadytomakebreakfast,coffeeandtea.Ididn'tevenrealize1wassadtoleaveuntilwestartedpackingeverythingup.Iwasn'tjustleaving,havingaccomplishedsomething1neverthoughtIwoulddo.Iwasleavingwitharealsenseofcommunity,arealsenseofappreciationforwhatthegreatoutdoorshadtooffer,andacompletelydifferentoutlookonanactivitythatIhadthoughtstrangeforsomanyyears.ItmademerealizethebeautyofCanadawasn'tinthethingswedid,butinthecommunitywebuilt.Whatwastheauthor'sattitudetowardcampingasachild?A.Shewaspassionate.B.Sheconsidereditbeneficial.C.Shefeltnegative.D.Shewasfrightened.Whatpushedtheauthortotrycamping?Hercuriosityaboutthewiki.Herfriends'invitation.Herdesiretorestorehermentalhealth.Herparents'doubtsabouthersurvivalskills.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthecampingtrip?Itdeepenedherloveofcamping.Ithelpedherfindasenseofbelonging.Itwaspeacefulsleepingoutdoors.Itgaveherthecouragetoovercomechallenges.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AnewlifeinCanada.B.Theimportanceofcommunity.C.Abeginner'sguidetocamping.D.Ameaningfulcampingexperience.故事類(lèi)閱讀理解答案I.Bo由第一段“Thegoalisn'ttogetridofyourphone,buttodevelopamoreintentionalwayofusingit.”可知,作者參加''不玩手機(jī)挑戰(zhàn)”的目的不是擺脫手機(jī)，而是養(yǎng)成一種更有意識(shí)的使用習(xí)慣，故答案為B。.D,由第二段“Thefirstfewdayswereeasyenough.”以及“Itwaspleasant."可知，在挑戰(zhàn)剛開(kāi)始的幾天，作者感到輕松甚至是愉悅，享受遠(yuǎn)離手機(jī)的生活，故答案為D。.A,由第三段“Oneofthebiggestlessonsofthechallengewasthatwillpowerwasn'tenough,buthavingmultiplebarrierstomakeitlessappealingandaccessibledidhelp."可知，要戒掠手機(jī)依賴(lài)，光靠意志力是不夠的，但設(shè)置多重障礙使它變得不那么有吸引力、不那么觸手可及是有用的，故選A。4C。山最后一段可知，作酉很高興自己現(xiàn)在手機(jī)用得更少了，行了更多時(shí)間享受生活，結(jié)合作者參加“不玩手機(jī)挑戰(zhàn)”的H的和對(duì)習(xí)慣性看手機(jī)影響社交生活的描述，可推知作者認(rèn)為少玩手機(jī)對(duì)人是有益的，故答案為C。.Co由第二段“Thefriendlynatureoftheislandcommunities,thelandscape,beautifulcoastlinesand-