小升初英語語法-介詞

七、介詞：1、介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構(gòu)成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如：outof(從…中出來),becauseof(因?yàn)?,awayfrom(距離…),ontopof(在…頂上),eversince(自從…),nextto(在…隔壁),accordingto(根據(jù)…),infrontof(在…前方)等。2、介詞的分類表：(見下表)意義介詞地點(diǎn)、方位時間動作方向其他aboutaboveacrossafteragainstalongamongaroundatbeforebehindbelowbesidebetweenbyduringforfromininsideintolikenearofonlikeoutsideoverpastsincetilltotowardsunderuntilwithwithout在……之上在……之后在……之中在……周圍、附近在在……前面在……后面在……以下在……旁邊在……之間在……旁邊在……里面在……里面靠近在。。。上面在……之外越過在……下面在……之后在……點(diǎn)鐘在……以前在……之間到……為止在……期間長達(dá)從……起在……（內(nèi)、后）接近在……日過了……自從……直到……之時到直到……為止橫過沿著從……來進(jìn)入到……對、向、朝關(guān)于、大約反對、對著為了像……一樣……的像超過、在……以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）用、有沒有地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞：above在…前,about在…附近,across在…對面,after在…后面,against倚著...,along在…近旁,among在…中間,around在…周圍,round在….周圍,at在…處,before在...前,behind在...后,below低于...,beside在...旁邊,between在...之間,by在...旁,down在...下面,from來自...,in在...里面,inside在...里面,near靠近...,of在...之中,on在...上面,outof在...之外,outside在....外面,over在....上方,under在...下方,up在...上面,ontopof在...頂部,infrontof在...前,closeto靠近...,inthemiddleof在...的中間,attheendof在...的末端,等等。方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞：across橫越...,against對抗...,along沿著...,around繞著...,round環(huán)繞...,at朝著...,behind向…后面,etween…and…從…到...,by路過/通過...,down向…下,for向...,from從/離...,in進(jìn)入...,into進(jìn)入...,inside到...里面,near接近...,off脫離/除...,on向...上,outof向...外,outside向....外,over跨過...,past經(jīng)過/超過...,through穿過...,to向/朝...,towards朝著...,onto到...上面,onto到...上面,up向...上,awayfrom遠(yuǎn)離...時間介詞：about大約...,after在…以后,at在…(時刻),before在…以前,by到…為止,during在…期間,for有…(之久),from從…(時)起,in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后,on在(某日),past過了…(時),since自從…(至今),through貫穿…(期間),till直到…時,until直到…時,to到(下一時刻),eversince從那時起至今,atthebeginningof在...開始時,attheendof在...末,inthemiddleof在...當(dāng)中,atthetimeof在...時方式介詞：as作為/當(dāng)作...,by用/由/乘坐/被...,in用…(語言),like與…一樣,on騎(車)/徒(步),通過(收音機(jī)/電視機(jī)),over通過(收音機(jī)),through通過...,with用(材料),用(手/腳/耳/眼),without沒有…涉及介詞:about關(guān)于...,except除了…,besides除了…還...for對于/就…而言,in在…(方面),of…的,有關(guān)...,on關(guān)于/有關(guān)...,to對…而言,towards針對...,with就…而言其它介詞:【目的介詞】for為了...,from防止…,to為了…【原因介詞】for因?yàn)?..,with由于…,becauseof因?yàn)?..【比較介詞】as與…一樣,like象…一樣,than比...,to與…相比,unlike與…不同【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】against和…一起(比賽),at在(上班/休息/上學(xué)/家,etc.),in穿著…(衣服/顏色),into變成...,on在(值日),with與…一起,有/帶著/長著...,without沒有/無/不與…一起3、介詞短語的句法作用：介詞短語相當(dāng)于一個形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。如：Themancame<downthestairs>.(狀)(那個人走下樓來)/Thewoman<withafloweronherhead>isfromthecountryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/Theteacherisnowwiththepupils.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)A.on,toB./,withC.on,/D./,to3.Where’sLily?Weareallhere________her.A.besideB.aboutC.exceptD.with4.Shanghailies________theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.onD.at精析：1.答案：C.此題考查學(xué)生是否掌握了at\in\on表示時間的用法。表示幾點(diǎn)用at.2.答案:A.此題考查位置介詞on和詞組talkto.3.答案：C.此題考查四個介詞的意思。能根據(jù)上、下文正確使用。4.答案：B.此題考查學(xué)生是否掌握了表達(dá)位置的用法。在表達(dá)東、西、南、北的方位時。在范圍之內(nèi)用in,在范圍之外用to，相鄰用on。【練習(xí)與鞏固】：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：LastSaturdayIwasbusy______myhomework.Myteacherwasveryangry______mebecauseIwaslate______schoolagain.Kathyprefersahulahoop______abook.Iwillinvitesomefriends______myeighteenthbirthdayparty.Howlonghasheworked______aninventor.Myunclearrived______theairport______themorningofMay3.Iwillalwayshelpmyfriendswhentheyare______trouble.Thereisnothing______air______space.Iwon’tbeback______June.______theage______twenty,hehadwrittentwobooks.Maryfell______herbikeandhurtherrightleg.Hehasbeenaway______China______threeyearsago.WhenIwas______school,Iwas______theschoolfootballteam.Ithinkhewillbe______twoo’clock.Theteacherwasgivensomeflowers______hisstudents.Look,thebirdsaresinging______thetree.Helefttheclassroom______allthewindowsopen.Mysisterisilltoday.Shedoesn’tfeel______eatinganything.It’stoodangerous.Youmustkeepthechildrenaway______thefire.Myparentsarrived______acoldnight.Youshouldapologize______her______steppingonherfoot.Thestudentsaresitting______thetable,readingthenewspaper.Thecityisfamous______itsfootball,andpeoplethereareveryproud______theircityfootballteam.Wearedoingbetter______English______ourteacher’shelp.Don’tworry______me.Everythingisgoingwell______me.Hewaslate______schooltoday,andshecamelate______school,too.------Doyouknowwhathappened______Peteryesterday?------Hewashit______acar.Ilikeclothesmade______cotton.HewillgotoHangzhou______hiscartomorrow.______mysurprise,theEnglishmangaveuphalfway______theend.Isawthegreatchanges______myowneyes.Youlooktired.Instead______workingindoorsyoushouldbeout______awalk.Wushuisbecomingmoreandmorepopular______foreigners.Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,pleasetellme______phone.Thereisgoingtobeareport______Chinesehistory______ourschoolthisevening.Before1990therewasnoairline______thetwocities.Sheisdressed______awhiteskirt______redflowers.It’sbad______youtogotowork______breakfast.It’sverynice______youtogetmetwotickets______theWorldCup.------Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?------IhavebeentoBeiDaihe______afriend______Canada.------Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?------Yes,andpleasegetmesomemilk,too.Iprefercoffee______milk.------WhendidMrSmithcomehere?------______nineo’clockyesterdaymorning.Youmuststand______linewhenyouarewaiting______abus.------Jack,willyoubehome______timetoseethechildrenbeforetheygotobed?------Noproblem.Chinalies______theeastofAsiaand______theNorthofAustralia.46.Ifyoucan’tpasstheexam,you’llfall______others.47.Ihaveaswimeveryday______yesterday.48.Weallknowthattheearthmoves______thesun.49.Thesunlightisc