北京市海淀區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試卷

海淀區(qū)2024年高二年級(jí)學(xué)業(yè)水平調(diào)研英語2024.07本試卷共8頁，共四大部分，57道小題，滿分100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回。第一部分：聽力理解（共三節(jié)，18分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每小題1分，共4分）聽下面4段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話你將聽一遍。（）1．Whenwillthespeakershavethemeeting?A．At9o’clock. B．At11o’clock. C．At12o’clock.（）2．Whatservicedoesthemanrequest?A．Roomservice. B．Awake-upcall. C．Checkingout.（）3．Whichtypeofmoviesdoesthewomanprefer?A．Thrillers. B．Romances. C．Documentaries.（）4．Whatisthemandoing?A．Checkingtheflightnumber.B．Lookingfortheboardinggate.C．Askingaboutairportfacilities.第二節(jié)（共8小題；每小題1分，共8分）聽下面4段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。聽第5段材料，回答第5至6小題。（）5．Whatactivitywillthetwospeakersjoinin?A．Sportsgames. B．Musicfestivals. C．Cookingcompetitions.（）6．Wherecanthespeakersgettheform?A．Inthelibrary. B．Intheheadteacher’soffice. C．Inthemusichall.聽第6段材料，回答第7至8小題。（）7．Whatmakesthemanfeeldownlately?A．Failingtheexams. B．Losingconfidence. C．Performingbadlyinthedrama.（）8．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Payattentiontooutcomes. B．Practisetobeperfect. C．Focusontheprogress.聽第7段材料，回答第9至10小題。（）9．Whatisthemandoing?A．Makingacomplaint. B．Cancelingatour. C．Seekingforadvice.（）10．Whatwillthemanprobablydecidetodo?A．Takeahikingtrip. B．Rideinahotairballoon. C．Coonamountainbikingtour.聽第8段材料，回答第11至12小題。（）11．WhatistheaimoftheTechFestival?A．Toguidestudentstoapplytechnologytoreallife.B．Tohelpstudentskeepupwiththelatestinnovation.C．Toshowstudents’technologicaltalentsandcreativity.（）12．Whatcanstudentsdointhecodingcompetition?A．Judgeothers’creation. B．Developanapplication. C．Reportreal-lifeproblems.第三節(jié)（共4小題；每小題1.5分，共6分）聽下面一段獨(dú)白，完成第13至16四道小題，每小題僅填寫一個(gè)詞。聽獨(dú)白前，你將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。這段獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。TipsonHowtoPlanaPartySetupaboardgamestable■13atablewhereyoucanlayoutallofyourboardgames■OfferavarietyofgamesSetupaDIY14booth■Usealargepieceofpaperor15asabackground■Addabannerthathasthenameofthegraduate’sschoolandtheyearGiveagraduationpartytoast■Speaktothe16strengthsandaccomplishments■Useafavoritequote第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，25分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Whenmostteenagershisagearepreppingforcompetitiveexamsortrainingtobeathletes.HenryBurner,strugglingwithdyslexia(閱讀障礙),decidedtocharthisownrouteforsuccess.Attheageof10,hisclass17atradingpost,wherestudentswouldsellandbuygoodswithheads.Hismomsuggestedmakingcupcakes,butBurnerrefused.“Mom,thebakedgoodsmarketisgoingtobetotallyoversaturated(過度飽和的).Fewstudentsmakethingsthatlastlong.Weneedtomakesomething18.”Sohepulledouthismom’soldbuttonmachineandmadebuttons.WhenBurnerendedupwiththemostbendsatthetradingpost,hefeltforthefirsttimethathewasreallysuccessful.Arrivinghome,Burneraskedhismom.“CanImakeitarealbusiness?”Thatwasthe19ofButtonsmith,aretailcompanywhichnowhasover10,000productsavailable.Alongwithhisregularschooling,Burnerplayedalargeroleinthecompany’sstrategicdecisionmakingand20hisbreaksandweekendsworkingonthecompany.Buttonsmithstartedfromthefarmer’smarketbeforegoingonlineand21,developingitsownwebsite.Aftergoingonline,Buttonsmith’ssalesshowedasignificantupwardgraphandreachedmillionsofpeople,andthatwasa(n)22point.Sincethenhehasgreatly23productlinesintomanyaffordablehighqualityproductsthatallowpeopletoexpresswhotheyaretotheworld.Startingwithbuttons,thecompanyhasdiversifieditsproduct24andcurrentlyprovidesdogcollars,leashes,businesscards,banners,etc.Tostayaheadofcompetitors,BurnerhasoptimizeButtonsmithtohavecustomproductsmadewithinminutesoftheorderbeing25.andmakessuretheproductsareinthecustomers’handswithintwodays.Aftercreatinganimpressiveretailcompanyathome.Buttonsmithisstrategizingtospreadits26toothercountries.“Hovebeinganentrepreneur.”concludedBurner.（）17．A．ran B．spotted C．decorated D．swept（）18．A．stable B．portable C．durable D．flexible（）19．A．mission B．initiation C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．performance（）20．A．killed B．delayed C．balanced D．invested（）21．A．eventually B．hesitantly C．frequently D．a(chǎn)ccidentally（）22．A．regular B．temporary C．crucial D．urgent（）23．A．slided B．poured C．packed D．expanded（）24．A．costs B．sizes C．offerings D．suppliers（）25．A．shipped B．placed C．deleted D．tracked（）26．A．roots B．wishes C．taste D．research第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分．共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給出提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AGiantpandaFuBaoarrivedinChengdu.SichuanProvinceonApril3rd,2024.afterlivinginSouthKoreaforover3years.Largescreenswerelitup27(welcome)FuBaohome.Theselargescreenadvertisements28(purchase)bydozensoffans.FuBaoisthefirstgiantpandaborninSouthKoreaandasuccessfulcaseofoverseasbreeding.Sincethe1990s,China29(conduct)giantpandaconservationcooperationandresearchwithinstitutionsinothercountries.Currently,therearealocalof49giantpandasabroad.BAround90%ofroadaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerrors,andself-drivingcarswithAIaimtosolvetheproblem.30theycandoisnokeepvehiclehardwarehealthybydrivingstrategicallyandsafely.Inthisway,trafficviolationsandfinescanbeavoided,31canhelpsavecosts.Driversalsobenefitfromthe32(integrate)ofAltechnologyduringlongtripsastheycanrestwhilethecar’ssystemtakescareofdriving.CAssummervacationapproaches,studytoursofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentshavebecomepopular.33(absorb)inacademicstudiesatschool,studentsareleftwithlittleroomforactivitiessuchaspracticallabororhands-onexperience.Duringthestudytours,theycome34groupstomajorattractions,museumsandfarmstolearnwhilesightseeing.Educationaltripsofferstudentsprecious35(opportunity)tobecomemoreindependent.By36(engage)inindependentlivingandproblemsolvingwithpeers,studentscanlearntonavigatereal-lifesituations.第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共11小題；每小題2分，共22分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhenfacingthetaskofdecidingyourmajor,youshouldrememberthatthedecisionyoumakedoesn’tmeanyouareonlydestinedforonepath.QUESTIONSTOASKYOURSELFASYOUMAKEYOURDECISION●DoIhaveacareerinmind?Althoughyourmajordoesnotnecessarilydictateyourcareer,somejobsdorequireacertainfieldofstudy.Ifyouhaveyourfuturecareerinmind,doyourresearchandfindouttheeducationrequirements.Ifyouareatalosswithwhatyouwanttodo,goaheadandresearchdifferentcareerfields.Acertainjobmightpiqueyourinterest,andthatcouldpromptyoutopickacertainmajor.●Howmuchdoesmoneymatter?Somemajorsdohavehigherpotentialearningsthanothers.Ifearningalotofmoneyisaprimarygoalforyou,searchformajorsthatpayoffwell.FeelfreetoreachouttotheCareerCenterformoreinformationonhigher-earningmajorsandcareers.●WhatdoIlovetodo?Ifyoulovewhatyoustudy,youwillbemorelikelytopayfullattentiontoyourclasses.whichwillprobablyleadtobettergradesandvaluableconnectionsinthefield.Alsoyouwillfindyourcollegeyearsmorefulfillingifyoucultivateyourpassion!TIPSFORDISCOVERINGWHATINTERESTSYOU●Exploredifferentcourses!Don’ttakerandomfreeelectivesjusttomeetthecreditrequirementforgraduation.Exploredifferentsubjects!Bybranchingoutofwhatyouknow,youmaydiscoveranunexpectedaptitudeforsportmanagement,orrealizethatyoulovepsychology!Maybeanelectivecoursecouldleadyoutoyourmajor.●MeetwithaCDCstaffmember!YourCareerDevelopmentCenter(CDC)iseagertohelpyou!MeetwithapeerCareerAmbassadortotalkaboutyourcareergoalsandtheoptionsforyou.Alsoconsiderschedulinganappointmentwithaprofessionalstaffmembertodiscusspotentialcareerpaths,internships(實(shí)習(xí)),andmore!●UtilizetheCDC’sonlineresources!CDCoffersmanyonlineresourcesforself-assessmentandcareersearch.Wemakerecommendationsformajorsandcareersbasedonyouranswers!Seepage6formoredetailsofwhatwehavetooffer!（）37．Ifyoudon’tknowwhattochooseasyourfuturecareer,youneedto______.A．cultivatearelatedhobby B．a(chǎn)imforwell-paidjobsC．considertheeducationrequirements D．investigatedifferentfields（）38．Accordingtothepassage,CDCcould______.A．givemajor-relatedadvice B．establishinternshipprogrammesC．defineyourfuturecareergoals D．selectanelectivecourseforyou（）39．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Aresearchpaper. B．Acommercialpost. C．Acollegebrochure. D．Arecruitmentnotice.BFoodpackagingfromaroundtheworldcontainsatleast68“foreverchemicals”thatcanseepintowhatweeat.anewstudyfinds.And61ofthemarenotevensupposedtobeusedinsuchproducts.“It’snotclearwhythelatterchemicals,whicharenotonlistsofthoseauthorizedforuseinfoodcontainers,areinsuchpackaging.”saysthestudy’sauthorBirgitGeueke.Thestudyfocusedonaclassofchemicalscalledperfluoroalkylandpolyfluoronlkylsubstances(PFASs),whicharesometimescalled“foreverchemicals”becausetheydon’tbreakdownreadilyintheenvironmentorinthebody.That’sbecausetheircharacteristiccarbon-fluorinebondisoneofthestrongestinnature.Fordecades,thesesubstanceshavebeenusedinawiderangeofconsumerproducts,fromcookwaretopesticidestocosmetics,becausetheyareproofagainstwaterandgrease.GeuekeandherteamfoundamismatchbetweenwhattheydetectedinactualproductsandadatabaseofPFASchemicalsauthorizedforuseinfoodpackaging.About140PFASsareknowntobeusedinfoodpackaging,butonlysevenofthe68chemicalsinthestudywereonthislist.Geuekesaysit’sunclearhoworwhytheother61chemicalsturnedup.DavidAndrews,achemistandtoxicologistatanonprofitenvironmentaladvocacyorganization,suggestsit’spossiblethatunknownimpuritiesemergedduringthemanufacturingoftheauthorizedchemicalsorthattheauthorizedPFASsdegradeovertime.Thisclassofchemicalsincludesmanylong-chainmolecules,andtheycanbreakintoshorterchainsthataresimplydifferenttypesofPFASs.PFASshavebeenfoundinhumanbloodandbreastmilk,drinkingwater,soilandotherstartlingplacesaroundtheworld.ExposuretosomeofthemoststudiedPFASshasbeenassociatedwithcancer.reproductiveproblemsandlessenedresponsestovaccines.“There’sanincrediblebodyofscientificevidencelinkingPFASchemicalstohealthharm,”saysAndrews.ManycountriesareevaluatingrestrictionsofPFASsinfoodpackaging.ChemicalindustryrepresentativeshaveadvocatedfordealingwithPFASsasindividualchemicals.Beforepublishingthenewstudy.ScientificAmericanreachedouttotheAmericanChemistryCouncil(ACC).achemistryindustrytradeassociation,aboutit,buttheorganizationdidnotreply.OnitsdedicatedPFASwebpage.ACCnotesthat“allPFASsarenotthesame.Eachindividualchemicalhasitsownuniquepropertiesanduses.”AndrewsandGeuekebothsaythepresenceofunknownPFASsinfoodpackagingisgoodreasontoregulatethesechemicalsasasingleclass—apositionsharedwithmanyotherscientificexpertsandenvironmentalprotectiongroups.Therearemorethan12,000knownPFASs,andscientistsdon’tknowmuchaboutmostofthem.“OnlysomePFASshaveeverbeentestedfortoxicity(每性),”Geuekesays,and“thereareprobablyotherwaystoproducefoodpackaging.”（）40．WhatcanwelearnaboutPFASsfromthepassage?A．Theyareabletoresistwaterandgrease. B．Theylastlongandneverbreakdown.C．Theycontainthelongestchemicalbond. D．Theyaremainlyusedforfoodpackaging.（）41．Paragraph3ismainlyabout______.A．thepotentialusageoftheunknownimpuritiesB．theauthorizationoffoodpackagingchemicalsC．thelikelytransformingprocessfromPFASsintonewchemicalsD．thepossibleexplanationforthepresenceofunauthorizedPFASs（）42．ThewordsonthewebpageinParagraph5mayshowthatACC______.A．hasworkedoutwaystousePFASssafelyindifferentproductsB．a(chǎn)greeswithchemicalindustryrepresentativesregardingPFASsC．hasgottheauthoritativepowerindealingwithPFASsD．supportstestingmoreunknownPFASsfortoxicity（）43．WhichwouldGeuekeprobablyagreewith?A．LawsshouldbemadetobantheuseofPFASs.B．Foodpackagingalternativesshouldbeexplored.C．Thechemicalsinfoodpackagingshouldbelisted.D．ScientistsshouldcontinuediscoveringnewPFASs.CAthemeatthisyear’sWorldEconomicForum(WEF)meetingwastheperceivedneedto“acceleratebreakthroughsinresearchandtechnology”.Someofthisframingwasmotivatedbytheclimateemergency,somebytheopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbygenerativeartificialintelligence.Yetinvariousconversations,itseemedtobetakenforgrantedthattoaddresstheworld’sproblems,scientificresearchneedstomovefaster.TheWEFmindsetresonates(產(chǎn)生共鳴)withtheSiliconValleydictate—usuallycreditedtoMarkZuckerberg—tomovefastandbreakthings.Butwhatifthethingbeingbrokenisscience?Orpublictrust?TheWEFmeetingtookplacejustafortnightafterHarvardUniversityPresidentClaudineCaysteppeddownaftercomplaintsweremadeaboutherscholarship.Gay’stroublescameontheheelsoftheresignationofStanfordUniversityPresidentMareTessier-Lavigne,afteraninternalinvestigationconcludedthathisneuroscienceresearchhad“multipleproblems”.Inresponse.Gayrequestedcorrectionstoseveralofherpapers;Tessier-Lavignerequestedretraction(撤回)ofthreeofhis.Althoughitmaybeimpossibletodeterminejusthowwidespreadsuchproblemsreallyare,it’shardtoimaginethatthespectacleofhigh-profilescholarscorrectingandretractingpapershasnothadanegativeimpactonpublictrustinscienceandperhapsinexpertsbroadly.Inrecentyearswe’veseenimportantpapers,writtenbyprominentscientistsandpublishedinprestigiousjournals,retractedbecauseofquestionabledataormethods.Inoneinterestingcase,FrancesH.ArnoldoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,whosharedthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistry,voluntarilyretractedapaperwhenherlabwasunabletoreplicateherresults—butafterthepaperhadbeenpublished.Inanopenapology,shestatedthatshewas“abitbusy”whenthepaperwassubmittedand“didnotdomyjobwell”.Arnold’shonestyisadmirable,butitraisesaquestion:Arescholarsatsupercompetitiveplacesreallytakingthetimetodotheirworkright?TheproblemisnotuniquetotheU.S.InEurope,formalresearchassessments—whichareusedtoallocatefuturefunding—haveforyearsjudgedacademicdepartmentslargelyonthequantityoftheiroutput.Duetothefactthattheexistingsystemhascreatedacounterincentivetoadvancementinscience,areformisunderwayurginganemphasisonqualityoverquantity.Goodsciencetakestime.NearlyacenturypassedbetweenbiochemistFriedrichMiescher’sidentificationoftheDNAmoleculeandsuggestionthatitmightbeinvolvedininheritanceandtheelucidationofitsdouble-helixstructureinthe1950s.AndittookjustabouthalfacenturyforgeologistandgeophysiciststoacceptgeophysicistAlfredWegener’sideaofcontinentaldrift.There’splentyofcircumstantialevidencethatscientistsandotherscholarsarepushingresultsoutfarfasterthantheyusedto.Someofthisgrowthisdrivenbymorescientistsandmoreco-authorship(papers,butitalsosuggeststhattheresearchworldhasprioritizedquantityoverquality.Researchedmayneedtoslowdown—notspeedup—ifwearetoproduceknowledgeworthyoftrust.（）44．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A．Tessier-LavigneresignedfromSandfordafterGaysteppeddown.B．Gaygavebackherscholarshipsduetostudents’complaints.C．Fasterscientificdevelopmenthasledtoclimatechange.D．Publictrustinsciencemayhavealreadybeenshaken.（）45．WhyistheexampleofFrancesH.ArnoldmentionedinParagraph4?A．ToquestiontheworksofNobelPrizewinners.B．Toshowthepracticeofpaperretractioniscommon.C．Toindicateeventheinfluentialscientistsareinarush.D．Tohighlightscientists’qualityofhonestyinacademia.（）46．Theunderlinedword“counterincentive”inParagraph5referstoa(n)______factor.A．unfair B．indecisive C．discouraging D．irrational（）47．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheDangerofFastScience B．TheBattlebetweenQualityandQuantityC．TheCrisisamongTopScientists D．ThePrinciplebehindResearchAssessments第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分．共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Picturethis:you’rebakingcookies.Asyouliftthepanoutoftheoven,yourbarearmaccidentallytouchesit.Ouch!Whydidyoufeelpain?Andhowisyourbraininvolvedinsensingpain?Wemaynotlikepain,butourbodiesneeditasawarningsystem.48Therearespecialreceptorcellsinourskinandbodiesthataresensitivetocertainstimuli(刺激).Thesecellsarecalled“nociceptors”.Whenanociceptorgetsexposedtoapainfulstimulus,itsendsamessageintothebrain.Thebrainprocessesthatinformation,andthenpainisfelt.49Thinkaboutatimewhenyou’vestubbedyourtoe.Theredoesn’tseemtobeadelaybetweenhittingyourtoeandthenfeelingpain:itfeelslikeithappensatthesametime.50Ifwehaveaninjury,painalertsustorestandlettheinjuryheal.Ifwestandtooclosetoafire,paintellsustomoveaway.Notbeingabletofeelpaincanbedangerous.Somepeoplecanfeelsensationsliketouch,buttheycannotfeelpain.Withoutfeelingpain,theycannotlistentotheirbodieswhentheyneedtorestorheal.Ontheotherhand,thebrainsometimesprocessespainwherethereisn’tanyactualinjurytothebody.Here’safamousstory:amansteppedonanail.Itwentthroughthebottomofhisshoe,andhefeltlikehewasinhorriblepain.Whenthedoctorsremovedhisshoe,theyfoundthatthenailwasbetweenhistoes!Ithadn’tgoneintohisfootatall.51Sohisbrainperceivedpaintomatchtheexperience.Withoutpain,wemightnotknowwhenwecouldneedtorest.Wemightnotknowifwewereindangerofhurtingourselves.52However,itisanimportantpartofhumanlifeandsurvival!A．Painisnotfuntofeel.B．Painisaresponsetoastimulus.C．Ourbrainsusesensoryinformationtointerpretthepainthatwefeel.D．Eventhoughpainisanunpleasantfeeling,itisnecessaryforhumansurvival.E．Allofthissignalsendingandprocessinghappensfasterthanwecanperceive.F．Itisanimportantfunctionofourbrain,tellingourbodieswhensomethingiswrong.G．However,thevisualinformationtrickedhisbrainintothinkingthattherewascauseforalarm.第四部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，25分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第53、54、55題各2分，第56題4分，共10分）閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。MarvaCollins’journeyasateacherbeganinthe1960s,whenshewasassignedtoteachatapublicschoolinChicago.Atthetime,theschoolwastroubledbylowacademicstandardsandmisbehaviorofthestudents.Despitethesechallenges.Collinswasdeterminedtohelpthosestudentslabeledas“difficult”or“at-risk”.Believingthateverystudenthadthepotentialtolearnandsucceed,shesetouttocreateaclassroomenvironmentthatwouldfosteraloveoflearning,asenseofdiscipline,andabeliefinoneself.Collinsfirstestablishedarigorousacademiccurriculumthatwouldchallengeherstudentstoreachtheirfullpotential.Shetaughtherstudentstraditionalsubjectsandalsoemphasizedcriticalthinking,problemsolving,andcreativity.Herteachingmethodswerehighlyeffective,ands