2022-2023學(xué)年上海市奉賢區(qū)致遠(yuǎn)某中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語試卷（附答案詳解）

2022-2023學(xué)年上海市奉賢區(qū)致遠(yuǎn)高級(jí)中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語

試卷

1.ToShakeorNotToShakeHands

Asweemergefromthepandemic(大流行病),we'restartingtoseethereturnofanage-oldcustom：

thehandshake.Manyofuswent(1)shakingsomeoneelse'shandsforabouttwoyears.Butas

vaccination(接種疫苗)ratesgoupandsocialdistancingrestrictionsfall,we'restartingtopressthe

fleshagain.

Noteveryoneishappythatthehandshakeismakingitswayback.(2)it'sadeep-rootedwayof

expressingfriendshipandrespect,somemedicalexpertswishitweregoneforgood.

“It'sneverbeensafe/saidDr.GregoryPoland,aMayoClinicphysicianandprofessor,'handshaking

carriestheriskoftransmittingahostofundesirableconditions,*'Polandsaid.Handshaking(3)have

startedasanancientcustomtodemonstratetoastrangerthatyouhadnoweaponinyourhand.But

"youare,infact,bearingatsomelevel,abioweapon"onyourunwashedhand,Polandsaid.

“It'sunfortunatethatweneededapandemictoshakesomesenseintopeopleonhowdiseaseis

transmitted,"saidDr.MarkSklansky,who'sworriedthattheopportunity(4)(kill)thehandshake

isslippingthroughourfingers.

Shakinghandsasasymboloffriendshipandtrust⑸(practice)byBabyloniankingsandancient

Romansandpromotedby18th-centuryQuakers.Sofar,it⑹(become)aninternationalcustomof

agreement,respectandcongratulationsinmodernbusiness,politicsandsports.Butrightnow,wearein

asociallyawkwardtimeofhandshakeuncertainty,(7)somepeoplearecomfortableshakinghands

andsomearenot.Ifwearenotcomfortableacceptinga(n)(8)(offer)handshake,wecanbeready

torespondinapolitemanner.Insteadofrefusingdirectly,wecankeepourhandstoourside,maintain

eyecontact,smile,nodorslightlybowwhile⑼(say)somethinggraciouslike,nFmcurrentlynot

shakinghands,butit'ssoverynicetomeetyou."

Sklanskyisconvincedthatevenlong-heldculturalcustomscanchangeovertimeifwerealize(10)

unhealthytheyare.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

⑼

(10)

2.

A.speciesB.informedC.awarenessD.indicate

E.additionalF.figuresG.advancedH.stuck

LstateJ.relianceK.based

SensorsforHouseplantsOverthepasttwoyearsJasminMoeller,a38-year-oldinGermany,hasbeen

buyingmorehouseplants,makingherfeelmorecomfortable.

Actually,thefactthatpeoplehavespentmuchmoretime(1)athomehasstartedatrendto

bringmorenatureinside.IntheUK,thelatest(2)showthat2021houseplantsaleswere29%

higherthanin2020.ltisasimilarpictureinothercountries,withsalesofhouseplantsintheUSrising

by18%lastyear,forinstance.

Yetitisonethingtobuyahouseplantandquiteanothertosuccessfullylookafterit.Luckily,some

(3)sensorsforindoorplantsmayhelpthosewithoutprofessionalskillsingardening.These

devices,usuallysolarpoweredandconnectedwirelesslytoauser'ssmartphone,shouldbeinserted

intothesoilnexttotheplants.Then,theyshowinrealtimethe(4)oftheplants.

AsensormadebyGermanfirmGreensenshasapproximately5000plant(5)onitsapp

database.Likeatrafficlightsystem,theappusesred，yellowandgreenfacesto(6)howplants

aredoing.Forexample,redrevealsthattheplantisdying,whilegreenmeansit*sinperfect

condition.Besides,usersareregularly(7)ofwhattheyshoulddowithplants.

AnotherappreleasedbyGermanbusinessFytatellsusershowtheirplantsarebyanalyzingthe

uploadedpicturesoftheplants.ltalsoincludes(8)contentotherappsrarelyoffer,suchas

culturalhistoryofsomeplants,souserscanlearnmoreabouttheirplants.

However,BotanistSilverSpenceisworriedthat(9)onthesesensorsmayaffectusers*

gardeningskillsnegatively.AndDavidAnglovrecommendsthatamateurstrytheirbesttoestablish

theirown(10)ofwhataplantneedsinvarioussituationsthroughcarefulobservation.

BackinGermany,MsMoellersayssheissurethatthesensorsarehelpingherimprovegardening

skills.

Loansatpubliclibrariesfelldramaticallyduringthepandemic(疫'情),whilewebsitevisitsrose.Ifthe

serviceisto(3)furthercuts,itneedsusers.

Librariesareromanticyetplainplaces.Theromanceisthatofreading,andthewealthofhumanimagining

andlearningthatis(4)inthem.Theplainsideoflibrariesismore(5).Thisistheworldof

buildings,shelving,booksjibrarycards,computers—andpeoplewithbodiesthat⑥spaceaswellasminds

thatcanbeopened.ltwouldbehardtofindanyonewhoactively(7)libraries,andquestiontheprinciplesof

self-improvementthattheystandfor.Butwhenitcomesto(8)>Britain'slibrariesareonlesssolid

ground.Thesectorhasbeencut(9)inthepastdecade,witharound800librariesacrossEngland

disappearing.

ThefirstCovidlockdowncausedanew(10)ofinterestinreading,astheideatookholdthatpeopleforced

tostayathomewouldspendmoretimewiththeirnosesinbooks—bothfindingoutmoreaboutthevirus

andescapingfromit.Butthelatestdataregardinglibrariesis(11)fbranyonewhovaluesthemas

bricks-and-mortar(實(shí)體店)placestogo.ThenumberofbooksborrowedintheyearendinginMarch

2021was72.9m,down56%onthepreviousyear.Physicalvisitsalso(12),from214.6mto59.7

m,comparedwiththefactthatwebsitevisitsgrewby18%to154.7m.Ofcourse,thisisthebehaviorthat

onewouldexpectduringapandemic.Manylibrarieswereclosedduringthisperiod,whenpeoplewere(13)

fromunnecessarymixing.

Privatelibrariesathome,whetherlargecollectionsorsingle,untidybookshelves,appeartobe(14),with

moreonesspringingup.Butthehopemustbethatvisitsandloansatpubliclibrarieswillsoonreturnto

theirformerleveltoo.Likeanyotherservicejibrariesneedusers.Andwhilebooksellersmightinonesense

beregardedasrivals(競爭對(duì)手),(15)thevastmajorityofthoseinvolvedinthetrade,frompublishers

topoets,arelibrarylovers一ascanbeseenfromthevolumestheyhaveinspired.

Thishassomethingtodowiththeromanticnotionofthereaderas(16),witheverybookadoortoanew

storeoffeelingorunderstanding.Butitalsoshowstherecognitionthatifbooksaretoformpartofour(17)

life,theremustbespaceinpublicfbrthem.Bookscanbetreasuredpossessions,butthereisalsosomething

specialaboutacopythatarrivesinyourhandshavingpassedthroughthoseofothers-andthatwillgoon

beingpassedbetweenstrangerswhoshareyourcuriosity.

3.A.acceptB.forbidC.surviveD.gain

4.A.containedB.excludedC.assumedD.passed

5.A.realisticB.physicalC.significantD.theoretical

6.A.occupyB.provideC.leaveD.limit

7.A.boastofB.disapproveofC.setupD.clearup

8.A.capabilitiesB.readabilityC.practicalitiesD.originality

9.A.speciallyB.carefullyC.massivelyD.completely

10.A.lackB.varietyC.conflictD.increase

11.A.inspiringB.worryingC.dramaticD.predictable

12.A.collapsedB.doubledC.coincidedD.restarted

13.A.concealedB.distractedC.discouragedD.protected

14.A.fadingB.charmingC.thrillingD.booming

15.A.incontrastB.infactC.inadditionD.inall

16.A.creatorB.communicatorC.explorerD.producer

17.A.personalB.independentC.balancedD.mutual

D

Beforethebreakofdawn,Simonwasalreadystandingontheshorewatchingtheseaintenselyforany

signsofacomingstorm.Despitelearningfromtheweatherforecastthelikelihoodofaviolentstorm,he

didn'tchangehismindaboutstartinghisweeklyfishingtrip.Aftercheckingforthethirdtimethathehad

broughtwithhimwhatheneeded,Simongotontohisboatandsailedintothevastbluesea.Beforelong.he

wasanchoring（固定）hisboatinthemiddleofthesea.Satisfiedwiththespot,hecasthisnet,hopingfora

goodcatch.

Simonthenrelaxedonthedeckandwatchedthesunrisingslowlyabovethehorizon.*'Onecannevertrust

theweatherstation,'*hesaid,buthehadsaidittoosoon.Atthatmoment,therewasasuddenstrikeof

lightning,followedbyashoutofthunder.Theentireskywassuddenlyfilledwithdarkclouds.Waveafter

waverolledup,hittinghisboatandsendingitrockingviolentlysideways.Asenseofhopelessnessdrowned

himbutwhenimagesofhisfamilyflashedacrosshismind,heknewwhathehadtodo.Indouble-quick

time,hecutoffthefishinglinesanddumpedhisfishingequipmentintothesea.Eventually,thestormeased

andthewavesdieddown.

Tomakemattersworse,theboatenginedied.Ashewasmanykilometresoffshore,theonlylikelyrescue

wastobespottedbyaboat.Butwhowouldbeoutatseainsuchhorribleweatherexcepthim?Thatmade

Simonregrethisearlierdecisionagain.

Exhausted,Simonsoondriftedofftosleep.Whenheawoke,thesunhadalreadyrisen.Simonhadlosttrack

oftimeandlocation.Sighing,hestoodonthedeck,staringouthopefully.Thenhespottedit.Hedivedinto

thewaterandswamtowardstheislandafewmetresaheadofhim.WhenSimonreachedland,hewastoo

weaktostandonhislegs.Fortunately,akind-heartedmanhelpedhimupandcontactedhisfamily.Though

Simonemergedfromthenightmareunhurt,thefatefuldayremainedforeverinhismind.Neglectingthe

weatherforecast,hepaidaheavyprice.Hethenlearntthateveryoneshouldrespectscienceandbemore

mindfulofhisdecision.

18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Notinformedoftheweatherforecast,Simonwentfishingasplanned.

B.Simonlosthisfishingequipmentbecauseitwasblownoffbythewind.

C.Lovefbrhisfamilymadehimtakeactiontryingtosavehimself.

D.Thoughhewasfinallysaved,hewashurtbadly.

19.Whatdidheseeafterhewokeup?

A.Anotherboatreadytodraghisboat.

B.Arescueteamsentbyhisfamily.

C.Anewboatenginetobeequippedonhisboat.

D.Anislandnotfarfromhisboat.

20.Whatmainlycausedhimtomeetwithsuchahorribleevent?

A.Hewastooconfidentofhisabilitytodealwiththerescueteam.

B.Heignoredstormforecastandwentfishinganyway.

C.Hisfishingequipmentwastooheavyforhisboat.

D.Hepositionedhisboatinawronglocationinthesea.

21.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Asmoothfishingtripafishermanusedtohave.

B.Aterribleaccidentafishermanexperiencedandhowhesurvived.

C.Thehardshipsamanhastohandlewhengoingfishing.

D.Waystoseekhelpindangeroussituationsinlife.

E

gunttvawcAnoM

KnowledgeProject工…-美不、合

BehaviorUnderRisk：HowAnimalsAvoidBecomingDinner

By：ReneeL.Rosier&TracyLangkilde?2021NatureEducation

Mostanimalsfacetheriskofbeingeaten.Toavoidbecomingsomeone'sdinner,an

organismmustbeabletoidentifypredatorythreatsandemployeffectivestrategiesto

avoiddetectionbypredators.Intheeventthatavoidancefails,animalscanusestrategies

thatwillincreasetheirchancesofsurvivingattackiftheydoencounterpredators.

a.Visual—Manyanimalsrespondtogeneralvisualcues,suchasthepresenceofanew

objectorsuddenmovement.Othervisualcues,includingananimal'ssizeand

behavior,canprovidespecificinformationabouttheidentityandintentionofa

potentialpredator.Forexample,preymaybeabletovisuallyidentifyapredatorbased

onitsshape,size,andcolor,andcanusethepredator'sbehaviortodeterminethe

immediatethreatthatitposes.

b.Auditory——Auditorycuescanprovidereliable,directinformationaboutapredator's

presence,identity.Thesecuesareespeciallyhelpfulfornocturnal（夜間的）prey

speciesoranimalsthatavoidpredatorsthatfrequentlyusesoundtohuntor

communicate.Forexample,toadfishrecognizesoundofdolphinswhentheyarelooking

forfood,oneoftheirmainpredators,andreducetheiractivitylevelsinresponse.

c.Chemical—Chemicalcuescanbepresentintheair,inwater,orontheground,and

canbedetectedbypreythrougholfaction（嗅覺）andgustation（味覺）,providing

areliableindicationofapredator'spresenceevenifitisvisuallyundetectable.Some

speciesareevenabletodeterminehowoldapredatorscentis,andwillavoidonlyfresh

scentcuesastheyindicateapredator'srecentpresence.Animalscanalsousechangesin

theconcentrationorageofascenttodeterminewhichdirectionapredatorwas

traveling,inordertobetteravoidit.

d.Vibration—Vibrationcuescanprovideusefulinformationaboutapredator's

presence,andcanbedifficultforpredatorstoconceal.Manyanimals,includingsome

spiders,caterpillars,andtadpoles,usevibrationsasindicatorsofpredatorpresence,and

candistinguishvibrationsmadebypredators,non-predators,andabioticcues（suchas

rainfall）.Itisimportantforpreytobeabletodistinguishcuesfromthreatsversus

non-threats,asrespondingtoeverytactile（觸覺的）stimuluswouldwastetimeand

energy,andmayactuallyattracttheattentionofpredators.

22.Whichofthefollowingcuecanbestbeusedtodetectthedirectionofpredatorsatnight?

A.VisualB.AuditoryC.ChemicalD.Vibration

23.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Visualcuescanbeusedasanindicationofpredators'intention.

B.Chemicalcuesfailtofunctionifthepredatorsareoutofsight.

C.Auditorycueshelppreytofigureoutwhatkindofpredatorstheymeet.

D.Vibrationcuesarereliableaspredatorscanhardlystopvibrating.

24.Whichofthefollowingtopicmightbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.SurvivingEncounterswithPredators.

B.EffectiveWaystoFindoutPredators.

C.DistinctCharacteristicsofPredators.

D.Preyspeciesandtheirbehaviors.

F

WhenCarolynKurlefirstvisitedAlaska'sHawadaxIsland,thenknownasRatIsland,sheimmediately

noticedthesilence."Whenyou'reonanislandthat'sneverhadrats,it'sjustlikebirdseverywhere—ifs

reallyloud,"shesays."Sowhenyougettoanislandthatdoeshaverats,youreallynoticebecauseit's

versusquiet."

NowadaysHawadaxisonceagainanoisyplace.Roughlyadecadeafterasuccessfulefforttoridtheisland

ofitspredatoryrodents（捕食性嚙齒動(dòng)物），amassofseabirdshasreturned.Andthebenefitshave

extendedacrosstheisland'sentireseashoreecosystem,whichisagainfullofdiverselife.These

findings,publishedinScientificReports,showthatcertainecosystemscanrecoverwithsurprisingspeedif

giventhechance.

"Thisstudyisanexampleofsomethingpositivethatcanhappenwhenwehumanstakeactiontocleanup

afterourselves,'*saysKurle,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandaconservationecologistattheUniversity

ofCalifornia,SanDiego,"Italsohighlightshoweverythingisinterlinked,especiallyincoastalsystems."

ThegreedyrodentscolonizedHawadaxafteraJapaneseshipwreckinthe1780s,andtheyquicklywiped

outseabirdcommunities.Kurle^firstfindings,publishedin2008,showedthattheratsaffectednotjust

birdsbuttheentirefoodchain-allthewaydowntoalgae（藻類）.Withoutbirdstoeatseashore

invertebrates（無脊椎動(dòng)物）,populationsofsnailsandotherspeciesfeedingonplantsexplodedand

consumedmuchofthemarinekelp（巨藻）,whichprovidescrucialhabitatforotherorganisms."Certain

invasivespeciescanhaveimpactsbeyondthosethataremostobvious,"Kurlesays.

ThoseearlyfindingsinspiredtheU.S.FishandWildlifeService,inpartnershipwithTheNature

ConservancyandIslandConservation,towipeouttheratsbydroppingpoisononHawadax.Kurleandher

colleaguessecuredfundingtosurveytheisland5and11yearsaftertakingtheaction.Theyfoundthatits

ecosystemhadsteadilyrecoveredandnowresemblesthatofotherAleutianIslandsthatwerenever

invadedbyrats,withsignificantlyfewermarineinvertebratesandmuchmorekelpcover.

"Veryfewrat-eradicationprojectshavefocusedontheimpactonmarineecosystems,sotheHawadax

Islandcaseisreallynoteworthy,"saysUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,ecologistDaniel

Simberloff,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Thisisaverycool,elegantresultfromanacademic

ecologystandpointand,ofcourse,isimportantintermsofconservation."

25.Whatdoes"cacophony1'inparagraph1mostprobablymean?

A.Silentnight.B.Messybeach.

C.Limitedspace.D.Disagreeablesounds.

26.Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingcanbeimportantforsmallanimalsorplants?

A.Greedyrodents.B.Marinekelp.

C.Seashoreinvertebrates.D.Invasivespecies.

27.Theeffortsmadeinthe"HawadaxIslandCase"includethefollowingEXCEPT.

A.settingtrapsandcatchingrats

B.raisingmoneyforfollow-upstudy

C.joininghandswithconservationgroups

D.comparingHawadaxwithotherrat-freeislands

28.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Birdsandratscannotco-exist.

B.Ratsareinvasivespeciesthatmustberootedout.

C.Ecosystemistoodelicatetorestoreitselfoncedisturbed.

D.Removinginvadersonlandcanbenefitmarinepopulations.

DivingwithaPurpose

Thewateriscoolagainstmyskin,thesilenceabsolute，andasIhover(盤旋)overtheremainsatthe

bottomofthesea,Ifeelpeaceful,thankful,asenseofcominghome.

Gounderwaterwithme,andyou'llseeabout30otherdivers,pairedinsetsoftwo.Theycalmlyfloatin

place,despitestrongcurrentsoffthecoastofKeyLargo,Florida,sketchingimagesofcoral-covered

artifactsortakingmeasurements.⑴

WearemembersofDivingWithaPurpose,agroupthattrainsdiverstofindandconserve(保存)

historicalandculturalartifactsburieddeepinthewaters.(2)Sinceitsfounding,DWPhastrainedsome

500diverstohelparchaeologistsandhistorianssearchforanddocumentsuchships.

(3)Duringthevoyagesfromshorestoshores,andinsidetheships,wecanfindcluestoahistorylittle

discussed,tostoriesthathavebeenlostinthedepths.Wecanbegintoassemblelong-lostthreadsthathelp

usbetterunderstandourobligationtothepastandtoeachother.

However,thewrecksarehardtofind.Shipsfromthepastwereprimarilymadeofwood,andtheyhave

disintegratedovertimeandbeenabsorbedbythesea.Searcherstodayuseequipmentsuchasside-scan

sonars(聲吶)todetectunnatural,manufacturedmaterialsindarkwater.(4)Sowemustbeintentional

abouthowwearedocumenting,toensurethatwe'renotdisturbingthewreckoroceancreatures.

Thesandyoceanfloorcoversandrevealsasitfancies.Whatmaybeseentodaymaynotbeseen

tomoiTow.Aproperexpeditionwithhistoriansandarchaeologistscantakeyears.Butitisimportanttotake

aslongasisneededtolook.

A.Itsgoalistohelpusfindhistoryandstoriesunderthewater.

B.Wearehelpingdocumentandmappingtheremainsofashipwreck.

C.Weloveandvolunteertogounderwaterforthemagicandcoolfeelings.

D.However,insomewaysthereisstillsomuchwedon'tknowaboutDWP.

E.Theinformationwegatherfromthedepthstellsamoreinclusivehistoryofus.

F.Unfortunately,theworkcantakeplaceatsiteshometomarinelifethatshouldn'tbedisturbed.

29.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

30.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

31.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

32.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

33.Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfarsaspossible.

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworked

outsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsand

tookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewas

notmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men'sand

women'sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sa

newforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvalue

themiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrole

choices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.In

fact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicand

childcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnot

valuethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.Someyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightin

thewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.Butitsinfluencespread

tomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicand

socialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon"overtime"worksothat

theycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturned

awayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen'sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicand

socialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreater

numbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen'sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,and

secretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations：policework,

banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequal

opportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenand

women.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

34.考試成績有起伏是正?，F(xiàn)象，你不必為此憂心忡忡。（need）

35.究竟是什么使她在本屆冬奧會(huì)上創(chuàng)造了奇跡？（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

36.面對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)一次又一次失敗,這個(gè)科學(xué)家并沒有氣餒，而是不斷改進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn),最終取得了突破。

（face）______

37.中外游客不僅領(lǐng)略了這里的山水美景，也對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕陀凭脷v史有了大致的了解。（Not

only）_____

38.Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven

belowinChinese.

高考臨近，你的同學(xué)李磊始終無法積極的面對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上的壓力，無法調(diào)整好心態(tài)，這使他非常

苦惱。作為學(xué)校心理社團(tuán)的成員，請您給他寫一封電子郵件，幫助他調(diào)整心態(tài)，內(nèi)容主要涵

蓋以下幾方面的內(nèi)容：

（1）幫助他分析一下現(xiàn)在所面臨的困境；

（2）提供一些調(diào)整心態(tài)的方法和手段。（例如，合理安排作息；做必要的運(yùn)動(dòng)；通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)等

多種途徑保持與老師和同學(xué)的溝通，等等。）

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小題1]without

【小題2]Though/Although/While

【小題3】may/might

【小題4】tokill

【小題5】waspracticed

【小題6]hasbecome

【小題7】when

【小題8]offered

【小題9】saying

【小題10]how

【解析】(1)without.考查介詞。句意：我們中的許多人在大約兩年的時(shí)間里都沒有和別人握手。

表示"沒有"，后跟動(dòng)名詞，所以用介詞without,故填without。

(2)Though/Although/While.考查連詞。句意:盡管它是表達(dá)友誼和尊重的一種根深蒂固的方

式，但一些醫(yī)學(xué)專家希望它永遠(yuǎn)消失。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示"盡管"，故填Though/Although/

Whileo

(3)may/might.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：握手最初可能是一種古老的習(xí)俗，用來向陌生人展示你手

中沒有武器。表示對(duì)過去的肯定的推測，語氣不強(qiáng)烈，所以用may/mighthavedone,故填may/might。

(4)tokill.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：他擔(dān)心，扼殺握手的機(jī)會(huì)正在從我們的指縫中溜走。opportunity

后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語，故填tokill。

(5)waspracticed.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：握手作為友誼和信任的象征是由巴比倫

國王和古羅馬人實(shí)行的，并被18世紀(jì)的貴格會(huì)信徒發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去

時(shí)態(tài)，主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為trust,故填waspracticed。

(6)hasbecome.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂--致。句意：到目前為止，在現(xiàn)代商業(yè)、政治和體育中，它

己經(jīng)成為一種約定、尊重和祝賀的國際習(xí)俗。sofar常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，主語it,故填hasbecome。

(7)when.考查非限制性定語從句。句意：但現(xiàn)在，我們正處于一個(gè)握手不確定的社交尷尬時(shí)期，

有些人握手很舒服，有些人則不舒服。先行詞為time,在非限制性定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故填

when。

(8)offered.考查過去分詞。句意：如果我們不愿意接受別人的握手，我們可以禮貌地回應(yīng)對(duì)方。

offer和它所修飾的詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語，故填offered。

(9)saying.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：我們可以不直接拒絕，而是把手放在身體兩側(cè)，保持眼神交流，

微笑，點(diǎn)頭或微微鞠躬，同時(shí)說一些親切的話，比如“我現(xiàn)在不握手，但很高興見到你。"say和主

語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填saying。

（10）how.考查賓語從句。句意：Sklansky相信，即使是長期存在的文化習(xí)俗，如果我們意識(shí)到

它們是多么不健康，也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中修飾形容詞，故填how。

這是一篇說明文，主要講述了由于疫情的原因，我們到底應(yīng)不應(yīng)該握手。

做本題的關(guān)鍵是在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上，靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。本類型的題目常考到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)

有：固定的短語，詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此，這就需要在

平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，牢固掌握各語言點(diǎn)及一些語法知識(shí)。

2.【答案】H

【解析】（1）H.考查形容詞。句意：事實(shí)上，人們呆在家里的時(shí)間要長得多，這一事實(shí)引發(fā)了一

種趨勢，那就是把更多的大自然帶入室內(nèi)。分析可知，此處為time的后置定語，結(jié)合句意表示"

困（于）"可知，形容詞短語stuckathome符合題意，故填stuck。故選H。

（2）F.考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：在英國，最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2021室內(nèi)植物銷售額比2020年高出

29%o根據(jù)冠詞the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞作主語，且表示“數(shù)字”應(yīng)用名詞figure,結(jié)合謂語show可

知，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填figures。故選F。

（3）G.考查形容詞。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，一些先進(jìn)的室內(nèi)植物傳感器可以幫助那些沒有園藝專業(yè)技

能的人。修飾后文名詞sensors應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，且結(jié)合句意表示"先進(jìn)的"應(yīng)用advanced。故選

G?

（4）I.考查可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。句意：然后，它們實(shí)時(shí)顯示植物的狀態(tài)。此處作show的賓語，應(yīng)用

名詞，結(jié)合句意表示"狀態(tài)"應(yīng)用名詞state,結(jié)合語境可知，此處特指植物的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用其單數(shù)形

式，故填stateo故選Io

（5）A.考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：德國Greensens公司制造的傳感器在其app數(shù)據(jù)庫中有大約5000

種植物物種。此處作has的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，且表示“物種"應(yīng)用名詞species,結(jié)合修飾詞5000可

知，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填species。故選A。

（6）D.考查動(dòng)詞原形。句意：與紅綠燈系統(tǒng)一樣，該應(yīng)用程序使用紅、黃、綠三種顏色來顯示植

物的生長情況。根據(jù)不定式符號(hào)t?？芍颂帒?yīng)用