專題訓練-研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類語篇閱讀指導-2025屆高三英語沖刺復習專項

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類語篇閱讀語篇結(jié)構(gòu)語篇銜接抓準主題句定位關鍵詞研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類說明文結(jié)構(gòu)l引出最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn):介紹背景、引出成果或用強轉(zhuǎn)折詞however、but引出最新成果(如2023新高考Ⅰ卷D篇)→主旨題l說明研究發(fā)現(xiàn):實驗研究的目的、原理、方法、過程[列數(shù)據(jù)、作比較、例證(舉例的內(nèi)容通常被修改設置為干擾項)、引用專家的話]、應用、意義→細節(jié)題、推理題l尾段總結(jié)或評述:存在的問題、專家評述、未來前景等→觀點態(tài)度題?結(jié)論--實驗--總結(jié)（結(jié)論是批舊立新；實驗是設立參照組；總結(jié)是照應結(jié)論和展望未來）命題點是：結(jié)論是什么？實驗說明了什么？未來是什么？考生要注意：1.

出題順序：與行文一致,不用讀懂每句話2.

干擾項特點：截取關鍵句或非關鍵句的部分詞匯生造一個邏輯，可以說是無中生有。即使選項每個詞文中都有，也要留意這是命題人可能在用熟悉詞來混淆視線。3.

把握說明方法，抓準關鍵詞在行文中，為了把事物的本質(zhì)特征說清楚，或把事理闡述明白，通常會用到下列說明方法：舉例子、做比較、分類別、析因果、列數(shù)字、作詮釋、打比方、下定義、列圖標、引用、假設、對比或類比等。對應的就會出現(xiàn)一些標志性的用詞：find/discover/prove/indicate/state/stress/explain/show/forexample/forinstance/define/compare/cause四類標志解研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類說明文真題示例研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)D

①

Climatechange,nothumanhunting,mayhavedestroyedthethylacine(袋狼),accordingtoanewstudybasedonDNAfromthylacinebones.語篇類型：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類P①：研究結(jié)論

FindingofthestudyClimatechangemayhavedestroyedthethylacineBeginningBodyEnding35．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ThecauseofdisappearanceofthylacinesB．Thewaysofprotectingmeat--eatinganimalsC．TheresultofwarmerclimateinAustraliaD．Theeffectofclimatechangeonwildlife主旨大意的出處定位標題類同義替換意識干擾選項的設題特點研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)②Themeat--eatingmarsupials(有袋動物)diedoutonmainlandAustraliaafewthousandyearsago,but

survivedinTasmania,anislandofsoutheastAustraliaseparatedfromthemainland,untilthe1930s.Untilnow,scientistshavebelievedthecause

ofthismainlandextinctionwasincreasedactivity

fromnativeAustraliansanddingoes(Australianwilddogs)．研究過程processofthestudyBodyBasicinformationthethylacine32．Whatdidscientistsbelieveinthepastaccordingtothepassage?A．Marsupialswereallmeat--eatinganimals.B．DingoesshouldberemovedfromAustralia.C．ThylacineshadnoenemiesonmainlandAustralia.D．Humanactivitiesmaycausetheextinctionofthylacines.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)研究過程processofthestudyBody

③ScientistsbehindtheUniversityofAdelaidestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJournalofBiogeography,collected51newthylacineDNAsamplesfromfossilbonesandmuseumskins.Thepaperconcludedthatclimatechangestartingabout4,000yearsagowaslikelythemaincauseofthemainlandextinction.Methodofthestudy④TheancientDNAshowedthatthemainlandextinctionofthylacineswasrapid,andnottheresultoflossofgeneticdiversity(基因多樣性).Therewasalsoevidenceofapopulationcrash(大跌)inthylacinesinTasmaniaatthesameperiodoftime,reducingtheirnumbersandgeneticdiversity.Proof-1ofthecauseofextinction['θa?l??sa?n]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)研究過程processofthestudyBody

⑤ProfessorJeremyAustinsaidTasmaniawouldhavebeenprotectedfrommainlandAustralia'swarmer,drierclimateduetoitshigherrainfall.Hearguedthatclimatechangewas“theonlythingthatcouldhavecaused,oratleaststarted,

anextinctiononthemainlandandcausedapopulationcrashinTasmania.”Proof-2ofthecauseofextinction33．What'sthedifferencebetweenmainlandAustraliaandTasmania?A．Tasmaniahasmoredingoes.B．Tasmaniahasmorerainydays.C．Tasmaniahasahighertemperature.D．Tasmaniahasmorenativeactivities.JeremyAustin教授表示，由于降雨量較大，塔斯馬尼亞本可以免受澳大利亞大陸更溫暖、更干燥的氣候的影響研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)⑥“Theybothoccurredataboutthesametime,andtheothertwothingsthathavebeentalkedaboutinthepastthatmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctiononthemainlandweredingoesandhumans.Sotheonlyexplanationthat'sleftisclimatechange.Andbecausethatpopulationcrashhappenedatthesametimethatthespecies(物種)wentextinctonthemainland,ourargumentisthatthere'sacommonthemethereandtheonlycommonthemeisthatthereisthischangeinclimate.”研究結(jié)果分析或延申analysis/extensionofthefindingEnding它們倆都發(fā)生在同一時間，（而）過去談到的可能導致袋狼滅絕的兩種因素是野狗和人類，所以剩下唯一可以解釋的就是氣候變化了。因為島上袋狼數(shù)量的驟降與大陸上袋狼的滅絕同時發(fā)生，我們的觀點就是，有一個共同想法也是唯一想法，即氣候的變化。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)⑥“Theybothoccurredataboutthesametime,andtheothertwothingsthathavebeentalkedaboutinthepastthatmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctiononthemainlandweredingoesandhumans.Sotheonlyexplanationthat'sleftisclimatechange.Andbecausethatpopulationcrashhappenedatthesametimethatthespecies(物種)wentextinctonthemainland,ourargumentisthatthere'sacommonthemethereandtheonlycommonthemeisthatthereisthischangeinclimate.”結(jié)果分析analysisofthefindingEnding34．ThereasonwhyJeremyAustinhadstrongargumentisthat_____.A．somethingsimilaroccurredonmainlandAustraliaandTasmaniaB．TasmaniawasprotectedfrommainlandAustralia'swarmerclimateC．humansanddingoesmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctionD．mainlandAustraliasufferedfrommuchhigherrainfallinthepastWhy

did

Jeremy

Austin

argued

that

the

climate

was

the

cause

of

the

extinction?

①Climatechange,nothumanhunting,mayhavedestroyedthethylacine(袋狼),accordingtoanewstudybasedonDNAfromthylacinebones.

②Themeat-eatingmarsupials(有袋動物)diedoutonmainlandAustraliaafewthousandyearsago,butsurvivedinTasmania,anislandofsoutheastAustraliaseparatedfromthemainland,untilthe1930s.Untilnow,scientistshavebelievedthecauseofthismainlandextinction(滅絕)wasincreasedactivityfromnativeAustraliansanddingoes(Australianwilddogs)．

③ScientistsbehindtheUniversityofAdelaidestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJournalofBiogeography,collected51newthylacineDNAsamplesfromfossilbonesandmuseumskins.Thepaperconcludedthatclimatechangestartingabout4,000yearsagowaslikelythemaincauseofthemainlandextinction.

④TheancientDNAshowedthatthemainlandextinctionofthylacineswasrapid,andnottheresultoflossofgeneticdiversity(基因多樣性).Therewasalsoevidenceofapopulationcrash(大跌)inthylacinesinTasmaniaatthesameperiodoftime,reducingtheirnumbersandgeneticdiversity.

⑤ProfessorJeremyAustinsaidTasmaniawouldhavebeenprotectedfrommainlandAustralia'swarmer,drierclimateduetoitshigherrainfall.Hearguedthatclimatechangewas“theonlythingthatcouldhavecaused,oratleaststarted,anextinctiononthemainlandandcausedapopulationcrashinTasmania.”

⑥“Theybothoccurredataboutthesametime,andtheothertwothingsthathavebeentalkedaboutinthepastthatmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctiononthemainlandweredingoesandhumans.Sotheonlyexplanationthat'sleftisclimatechange.Andbecausethatpopulationcrashhappenedatthesametimethatthespecies(物種)wentextinctonthemainland,ourargumentisthatthere'sacommonthemethereandtheonlycommonthemeisthatthereisthischangeinclimate.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類說明文語篇結(jié)構(gòu)Analysis/extension

①Climatechange,nothumanhunting,mayhavedestroyedthethylacine(袋狼),accordingtoanewstudybasedonDNAfromthylacinebones.

②Themeat-eatingmarsupials(有袋動物)diedoutonmainlandAustraliaafewthousandyearsago,butsurvivedinTasmania,anislandofsoutheastAustraliaseparatedfromthemainland,untilthe1930s.Untilnow,scientistshavebelievedthecauseofthismainlandextinction(滅絕)wasincreasedactivityfromnativeAustraliansanddingoes(Australianwilddogs)．

③ScientistsbehindtheUniversityofAdelaidestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJournalofBiogeography,collected51newthylacineDNAsamplesfromfossilbonesandmuseumskins.Thepaperconcludedthatclimatechangestartingabout4,000yearsagowaslikelythemaincauseofthemainlandextinction.

④TheancientDNAshowedthatthemainlandextinctionofthylacineswasrapid,andnottheresultoflossofgeneticdiversity(基因多樣性).Therewasalsoevidenceofapopulationcrash(大跌)inthylacinesinTasmaniaatthesameperiodoftime,reducingtheirnumbersandgeneticdiversity.

⑤ProfessorJeremyAustinsaidTasmaniawouldhavebeenprotectedfrommainlandAustralia'swarmer,drierclimateduetoitshigherrainfall.Hearguedthatclimatechangewas“theonlythingthatcouldhavecaused,oratleaststarted,anextinctiononthemainlandandcausedapopulationcrashinTasmania.”

⑥“Theybothoccurredataboutthesametime,andtheothertwothingsthathavebeentalkedaboutinthepastthatmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctiononthemainlandweredingoesandhumans.Sotheonlyexplanationthat'sleftisclimatechange.Andbecausethatpopulationcrashhappenedatthesametimethatthespecies(物種)wentextinctonthemainland,ourargumentisthatthere'sacommonthemethereandtheonlycommonthemeisthatthereisthischangeinclimate.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類說明文語篇結(jié)構(gòu)Analysis/extension對點練習：

2022年新高考英語全國卷1閱讀理解D篇2022年新高考英語全國卷1閱讀理解D篇，語言較為復雜，包含很多長難句和一些較生僻的詞匯，話題也不是很熟悉，難度較大，但掌握一定的做題方法，可大大降低解題的難度。技巧點撥：1.全國卷D篇閱讀理解多為說明文，說明文的特點：第一段多用來引入話題或點明主題，每一段的首句多為段落的主題句（有時也需具體分析）；2..關注but或however之后是內(nèi)容，這才是作者想要說明的內(nèi)容；3.關注文章中名人的所作所為和所說的話，此處是比較容易設題的。Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breakfive-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.Tip:快速瀏覽題目要求，標畫出題目中的疑問詞，關鍵詞，人名，地名，時間等技巧點撥：通過題目的設問方式可以判斷出此題為事實細節(jié)類，關注題目中的人名DamiánBlasi可以幫助考生在第一遍閱讀時初步定位問題在文章中的段落，第二遍閱讀時精準定位問題的出處。人類語言包含2000多種不同的聲音，從常見的“m”和“a”到一些南部非洲語言中罕見的咔噠聲。但是為什么某些聲音比其他聲音更常見呢?一項為期五年的突破性研究表明，與飲食相關的人類咬傷的變化導致了新的語音，現(xiàn)在世界上一半的語言中都有這種語音30多年前，學者查爾斯·霍克特(CharlesHockett)注意到，像“f”和“v”這樣的唇齒音，在吃較軟食物的社會的語言中更為常見?，F(xiàn)在，由瑞士蘇黎世大學DamiánBlasi領導的一個研究小組已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種趨勢是如何以及為什么出現(xiàn)的。Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth. B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured. D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.技巧點撥：通過題目的設問方式可以判斷出此題也為事實細節(jié)類，關注關鍵詞ancienthumanadults和producelabiodentals，尤其是labiodentals這個詞很長，很顯眼，對定位文章中的信息有很大幫助。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類成年人的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的(對齊)，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇碘牙，而唇碘牙是由下唇接觸上牙形成的。后來，我們的下顎變成了覆咬合結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)構(gòu))，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音。研究小組表明，這種咬痕的變化與新石器時代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展有關。這時食物變得更容易咀嚼了。下頜骨不需要做那么多的工作，所以不會長得那么大AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults. B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods. D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhuman對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去的幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然找不到這項研究推翻了普遍的觀點，即所有的人類語音都是在大約30萬年前人類進化時出現(xiàn)的。研究小組成員史蒂文·莫蘭(StevenMoran)說:“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音集合不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種各樣的語音是生物變化和文化進化等復雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物?！雹貶umanspeechcontains...Aground-breakfive-yearstudyshows...inhalftheworld’slanguages.②Morethan30years....whythistrendarose.③Theydiscoveredthat...toproducesuchsounds.④Theteamshowedthat...didn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.⑤Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthat...peopletoday.⑥Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthat......wefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.文章主旨：Aground-breakfive-yearstudyshowsthat....第二段較特別，本段一共兩句，第一句是講30多年前CharlesHockett指出唇齒音與吃的較軟食物有關，第二句講到現(xiàn)在的研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種語音現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因和如何產(chǎn)生的，承上啟下第三段也是兩句：第一句講他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了古人不能發(fā)唇齒音的原因，第二句講后來我們的下頜發(fā)生了變化，于是發(fā)這個音就容易了，承上啟下第四段主題句為首句第五段主題句為首句第六段主題句為首句：Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthat...Basicinformation研究結(jié)論

Findingofthestudy研究過程processofthestudy研究結(jié)果分析或延申analysis/extensionofthefinding

①Climatechange,nothumanhunting,mayhavedestroyedthethylacine(袋狼),accordingtoanewstudybasedonDNAfromthylacinebones.

②Themeat-eatingmarsupials(有袋動物)diedoutonmainlandAustraliaafewthousandyearsago,butsurvivedinTasmania,anislandofsoutheastAustraliaseparatedfromthemainland,untilthe1930s.Untilnow,scientistshavebelievedthecauseofthismainlandextinction(滅絕)wasincreasedactivityfromnativeAustraliansanddingoes(Australianwilddogs)．

③ScientistsbehindtheUniversityofAdelaidestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJournalofBiogeography,collected51newthylacineDNAsamplesfromfossilbonesandmuseumskins.Thepaperconcludedthatclimatechangestartingabout4,000yearsagowaslikelythemaincauseofthemainlandextinction.

④TheancientDNAshowedthatthemainlandextinctionofthylacineswasrapid,andnottheresultoflossofgeneticdiversity(基因多樣性).Therewasalsoevidenceofapopulationcrash(大跌)inthylacinesinTasmaniaatthesameperiodoftime,reducingtheirnumbersandgeneticdiversity.

⑤ProfessorJeremyAustinsaidTasmaniawouldhavebeenprotectedfrommainlandAustralia'swarmer,drierclimateduetoitshigherrainfall.Hearguedthatclimatechangewas“theonlythingthatcouldhavecaused,oratleaststarted,anextinctiononthemainlandandcausedapopulationcrashinTasmania.”

⑥“Theybothoccurredataboutthesametime,andtheothertwothingsthathavebeentalkedaboutinthepastthatmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctiononthemainlandweredingoesandhumans.Sotheonlyexplanationthat'sleftisclimatechange.Andbecausethatpopulationcrashhappenedatthesametimethatthespecies(物種)wentextinctonthemainland,ourargumentisthatthere'sacommonthemethereandtheonlycommonthemeisthatthereisthischangeinclimate.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類說明文語篇結(jié)構(gòu)Analysis/extension鞏固練習Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1.000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftest.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(認)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.2020浙江卷C篇語篇類型：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類P①：研究結(jié)論

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.

周三發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)學》期刊上的一項研究表明，一項需要大量分析思維、計劃和其他管理技能的挑戰(zhàn)性工作可能會幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長保持敏銳。

德國萊比錫大學的研究人員征集了1000多名75歲以上的退休人員，并通過一系列測試對志愿者的記憶力和思維能力進行了評估。在接下來的8年里，科學家們讓這組人每18個月回到實驗室做同樣的測試。

那些在退休前從事過對智力有挑戰(zhàn)，要求高的工作的人往往在測試中表現(xiàn)最好。他們往往比那些從事智力挑戰(zhàn)性最小的工作人員失去認知功能的過程要慢得多。即使在科學家統(tǒng)計了參與者的整體健康狀況后，這一結(jié)果仍然成立。

譯文“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(協(xié)調(diào)),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert'swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept

“這就像體育鍛煉一樣，”領導這項研究的FranciscaThen說，“長跑后，你可能會覺得很痛苦，你可能會覺得很累，但它使你健康。在工作了一整天之后，當然，你會覺得很累，但它可以幫助你的大腦保持健康?！盩hen指出，并不是只有公司工作，甚至是帶薪工作才能幫助你保持大腦健康。例如，服務員的工作需要處理多任務、團隊合作和決策，它可能和任何高級辦公室工作一樣令人興奮?！敖?jīng)營一個家庭需要高水平的規(guī)劃和協(xié)調(diào)，”她說，“你必須組織孩子們的活動，還要管理好賬單和日用品。”

當然，隨著年齡的增長，我們的大腦會因為很多原因而衰退——包括其他環(huán)境影響或遺傳因素。盡管如此，繼續(xù)在智力上挑戰(zhàn)自己，讓自己的大腦處于忙碌狀態(tài)只會對你有益。譯文【答案】28.D

29.B

30.C【解析】這是一篇說明文?！渡窠?jīng)病學》雜志發(fā)布的一則研究顯示，需要大量的分析思考、細致規(guī)劃和其他管理技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長而保持敏銳。28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.(來自德國萊比錫大學的研究人員召集了1000多名75歲以上的退休老人，并通過一系列的測試對他們的記憶力和思維能力進行了評估。)”可知，科學家讓志愿者做測試是為了測試他們的心智能力。故選D項。29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中FranciscaThen說的話“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,(

這就像體育鍛煉一樣有效。)”及接下來進一步的解釋“長跑后人就會感到痛苦和疲憊，但它確實能強身健體。工作一天下來會感到勞累，但這也使你的大腦處于健康狀態(tài)”可知，F(xiàn)ranciscaThen是通過與“身體鍛煉”作比較來解釋他的發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選B項。30.主旨大意題。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage(需要大量的分析思考、細致規(guī)劃和其他管理技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長而保持敏銳。)”是本文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作可能會使大腦保持敏捷，所以C項“困難的工作可能有助于大腦保持敏捷”適合作本文標題。故選C項。

Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere'sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia(失智癥）inlaterlife,andiftheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.有關經(jīng)常鍛煉的好處記載詳實，并且一個新的好處擴大了日益增長的清單.最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，90%身體健康的中年女性在晚年不太可能患上失智癥，即使有，也比不經(jīng)常參加體育運動的女性晚10年。2022浙江1月高考真題第二句句子結(jié)構(gòu)①本句是個并列復合句②句一:Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife③句二:iftheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen④賓語從句:thatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife⑤定語從句:whowerephysicallyfit（嵌套在賓語從句里面）⑥讓步狀語從句:iftheydid4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?語篇類型：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類C.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementia1.Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.

LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit'spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular(心血管的)fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.”句子結(jié)構(gòu)①本句是個復合句②主句:Thesefindingsareexciting③原因狀語從句:becauseit'spossible④主語從句:thatimprovingpeople'scardiovascularfitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia

Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeak(最大值的)cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.

在這項研究中，對平均年齡為50歲的191名女性進行了自行車運動測試，直到她們筋疲力盡，以測量她們心血管承受能力的峰值。負載量的平均峰值是103瓦。B.Toassesstheircardiovascularcapacity

瑞典哥德堡大學的首席研究員HelenaHorder博士說："這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人興奮，因為改善中年人心血管健康狀況會延緩甚至預防他們患上癡呆癥，這是有可能的。2

Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomantodobicycleexercise?

Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120wattsorhigher.Atotalof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory,definedasapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecauseofhighbloodpressure,chestpainorothercardiovascularproblems.共有40名女性符合高健康水平或120瓦或更高的標準。共有92名婦女是中等水平。59名女性的健康水平低，負載量的峰值是80左右或由于高血壓，胸痛或其他心血管問題而停止運動測試的均被劃為低水平。Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44