高一語法總結

高一英語必修一、二【北師大版】語法匯總定語從句

1.定語從句的結構及理解

2.定語從句的關系詞的使用

3.定語從句的簡化表達知識總結歸納

（一）定語從句的結構：在復合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞，它與定語從句之間要有一個詞連接，這個詞指代先行詞的內容叫做關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先行詞在定語從句中充當主語，賓語，時間，地點，原因狀語。

結構：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.

2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.

4.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：

限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。

非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.（三）關系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語從句的內容加上一些介詞，這些關系詞在介詞后面常用which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.知識重點與難點

（一）當先行詞有最高級，序數(shù)詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all,no,only等形式時，關系代詞一般用that，而不能用which。

1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.（二）當先行詞是表示時間，地點，原因的詞時，關系詞用when,where,why還有which,that

1.I’mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.IthinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn’ttellthetruthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.PPT中關于定語從句有詳細解釋（三）定語從句的簡化表達：

1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來：

1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說明：修飾一個名詞除了后面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語，done短語，beingdone短語，tobedone短語修飾。其結構和意思如下：

1.被修飾名詞+doing短語：正在做….的人/正在發(fā)生的事。

2.被修飾名詞+done短語：被…..的人/事

3.被修飾名詞+beingdone短語：正在被…..的人/事

4.被修飾名詞+tobedone短語：將要被…..的人/事

（1）Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

（2）The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.

（3）Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

（4）Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.

（5）Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.

（6）GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.

（7）TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.

總結：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。

1.這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。

2.分詞作定語時，其動作應與全句動作同時發(fā)生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動意義。beingdone表示正在被做的

3.不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的，tobedone表示將要被做的

【典型例題】

[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it

分析：_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句。

答案：A[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.

A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom

分析：_____Iworkedthreeyearsago作為定語從句修飾先行詞UncleLi，從句完整的表達是：IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以關系詞前應加上介詞with。

答案：C[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

分析：定語從句_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修飾先行詞thereason指“他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。

答案：A[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

分析：非限定性定語從句_____workisratherhard修飾先行詞teachers,它與從句中的work是從屬關系，關系詞用whose

答案：D[例5]TheOlympicGames,_____in776BC,didn’tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying

分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會，直到1912年才容納女運動員。_____in776BC做定語修飾TheOlympicGames，指過去的內容，表示被動。用done做定語。

答案：C[例6]Thehouses_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.

A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt

分析：根據(jù)句意房子即將開工。_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修飾Thehouses應為ThehousesThehouses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。

答案：B[例7]Howmanyofus_____,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended

分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說，我們當中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢？_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修飾Howmanyofus做定語。與全句動作同步.

答案：B[例8]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.

A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem

分析：非限定性定語從句__isworkinginAustralia修飾先行詞threechildren，根據(jù)從句中的is判斷，是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作。

答案：B【模擬試題】

1.Susanistheverygirl_____thegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich

3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.

A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich

4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.

A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich

5.1.Don’tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.

A.beingdiscussedB.discussed

C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss

6.Thefood_____atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.

A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked

7.Doyouknowtheteacher_____underthebigtree?

A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingread【試題答案】

1.CSusan正是我認為作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞theverygirl在從句中做think的賓語，同時又是后面賓語從句didthegooddeed.的主語，所以關系詞不能用whom

2.C定語從句_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢買火車票。關系詞前面需要加介詞：with

3.C定語從句_____hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大量的時間都投入在這本書上了。devote….tosth.關系詞前加介詞：to

4.A定語從句_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修飾先行詞theday：先行詞theday在從句中做時間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的機會。

5.C短語_____tomorrow做定語修飾thequestion，根據(jù)表達的內容：明天即將被討論的問題。應當用不定式的被動結構做定語。

6.D短語_____atthemoment做thefood的定語,表示：正在做的食物。Beingdone做定語表示：正在被……的……。

7.C現(xiàn)在分詞短語readingunderthebigtree做定語修飾theteacher表示：正在大樹下看書的那位老師。

情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞的推測表達

2.情態(tài)動詞表達虛擬語氣

3.某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法知識重點與難點總結

知識重點：

情態(tài)動詞在表達推測意義的句子中的運用：

（一）用情態(tài)動詞表達事實的推測。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達對事實的推測。根據(jù)說話人對事實的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may/might/can/could表示“可能……”，must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否定式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不……”,而can/could可以用于疑問句，表示“可能，可能……嗎?”，其否定式can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。用情態(tài)動詞可以對現(xiàn)在或過去的事實進行推測。對不同的時間內容推測有不同的結構。（二）對現(xiàn)在的事實進行推測：

主要結構：…must/may/might+動詞原形

be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語

be+doing

例句：

1.YoumustbeJeanne.I’mMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn’tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn’tgotmuchcommonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan’tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?（三）對過去的事實進行推測：結構：情態(tài)動詞+havedone/been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語

例句：

1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn’thaveseenAnnayesterday.She’sgoneabroad.

3.IthinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情態(tài)動詞表達虛擬語氣：表達“本來…”，“不然早就…”。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實相反。表達了說話人的埋怨，后悔的語氣。其結構是在一些情態(tài)動詞后面加havedone結構。根據(jù)要表達的意思，有如下結構：

shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本應該……

shouldn’thavedone/oughtn’ttohavedone：本不該……

couldhavedone：本來可以……

needn’thavedone：本來沒必要……

wouldliketohavedone：本來很想……

wouldrathernothavedone:本來不愿意……

could/might/havedone:不然早就……

例句：

1.Youshouldn’thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephonedhim.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.知識難點：

某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法：

need和dare的兩種形式的用法

need和dare可以用做實義動詞，后面接不定式（todo）結構，在疑問句和否定句中，加助動詞do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作為情態(tài)動詞使用時，主要用于疑問句和否定句中。情態(tài)動詞needn’t（沒有必要，不必）相當于don’thaveto

例句：

1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?Thankyou,youneedn’t.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意：

句型Idaresay+從句。意思是：我肯定……=I’msure或Thereisnodoubtthat+從句。

例句：

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would

表示“意志”或“愿意”，would則指過去愿意做……

例句：

1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表達“過去習慣做……”類似于“usedtodo”

例句：

1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.

表示請求，固定的句型：Will/Wouldyoupleasedo…?/Wouldyouliketodo…?

例句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?

shall

1.用于第一，三人稱，表示“請求”；“建議”或“推薦”

例句：

1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?

2.ShallIwatchTVnow?

3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾”

例句：

1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.

2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuchnoiseagain.

在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中，常用can/can’t/could/couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…嗎?”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等詞。【典型例題】

1.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He_____bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.

A.mightB.mustC.canD.should

分析：本題考查情態(tài)動詞推測性用法。根據(jù)heisthelastonetohelpothers.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案為A

2.—Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoit____be?

—Ithinkit___beTom.

—Idon’tthinkit___be____.

A.can;must;can;heB.may;can;must;him

C.must;can;must;hisD.might;must;can;himself

分析：根據(jù)備選答案。can表示推測時用于疑問句或否定句中。本題首句就應該是Guesswhocanitbe?第二句應該是IthinkitmustbeTom.（說話人十分肯定）。第三句表達了說話人對前一個人的否定。即：Idon’tthinkitcanbehim/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A

3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

—Sure.She____aroundthecampusnow.

A.mustbewalkingB.mustwalk

C.maywalkD.maybewalking

分析：關鍵詞Sure告訴我們說話人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)句子語境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。mustbedoing表示肯定正在做。答案為A

4.—IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsayD.musthavestayed

分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此ahotel是泛指。所以D選項不合題意。第二句在說：你本來可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本來可以。答案為A

5.Whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.

A.needn’thavedrivenB.can’thavedriven

C.mustn’thavedrivenD.shouldn’thavedriven

分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒有會？我本來沒必要冒著大雪開車跑這么多路。Needn’thavedone表示本來沒必要。答案為A

6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.

A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleft

C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave

分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔心你，你真不應該一句話都不說就離開家?！半x開家”已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Shouldhavedone正好表達了本句的意思。答案為B

7.A：AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?

B：I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.

A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽音樂會。Might表示推測：可能。答案為D

8.A：Ipromisethatshe____getanicepresentonherbirthday.

B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall

分析：A說：“我答應她在生日聚會上她會得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案為D高一英語語法復習試卷（北師大版）1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show7.Onthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its8.Heistheonlyoneofthethree_____gotthenewidea.A.whohave B.whomhaveC.whohas D.whosehad9.----Howaboutthegames?----Veryinteresting,andtheones_________theyoungmencompetedwerereallyexciting.A.whatB.forwhomC.whereD.inwhich10.Thehouse_______thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when11.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewere D.wherethere12.Fathermadeapromise_______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabicycle.A.that B.if C.whether D.thatif13.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填14.Hewantedtomakesure__________.A.howwewenttherebybus B.wheredidwegoC.whatdidwegothere D.whenwewentthere15._____theywonthegamewas______wehadexpected.A.That;which B.Whether;that C.What;that D.That;what16.Thatis____papercameintouseinChina.A.how B.that C.what D.which17.Itlooks____weshallhavetodotheworkourselves.A.that B.like C.seeming D.asthough18.____isnotknownyet.A.Whenshehasgone B.WhereshehasgoneC.Howdidsheleave D.Whydidshego19.Hissuggestion____toseetheexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwego B.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgo D.whenweshouldgo20.I’vegottomake____hetoldalie.A.thatclear B.itclearthat C.quiteclear D.thisclearthat21.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.how B.when C.where D.what22．_____eitherheorItoleaveforAmerica?A.IsB.AmC.AreD.Will23.Noonehasfinishedhishomework,________?A.havetheyB.haven’ttheyC.hasheD.hasn’the24.Eachsoldierandsailor_____givenariflewhentheshiplanded.A.wereB.wasC.areD.is25.Morethanoneperson_____involvedinthcase.A.isB.areC.hasD.have26.Heisateacherbuthiswifeisadoctor,_______?A.isn’tsheB.isn’titC.aren’ttheyD.isn’the27.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout28.－CanIhelpyou,sir?－Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.couldn’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork29.－ShallItellJohnaboutit?－No,you_________.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shoudn’t30.Whereismypen?I_____it.A.shouldhavelostB.musthavelostC.wouldhavelostD.mightlose31.－Whydidn’tyouanswerwhenIcalledyou?－I_____butyoudidn’thearme.A.hadtoB.couldn’tC.didn’tanswerD.did32.He_____therenow,butIamnotsure.A.maybeB.maybeC.mayhavebeenD.mighthavebeen33.Theflowerisdead.I_____itmorewater.A.willgiveB.mustgiveC.shouldhavegivenD.wouldhavegiven34.－DoesTomwanttogotothefilm?－Yes,buthesays_____tonight.A.he’dnotrathergoB.he’llrathernotgoC.hewon’trathergoD.he’drathernotgo35.－MustItakeataxi?－No,you_____.Youcanwalkfromhere.A.don’tB.mustnotC.don’thavetoD.hadbetternotto36.Therestofthelecture_____interesting.A.isB.areD.maybeD.sound37.Oneandahalfbananas____eatenbythelittleboy.A.wereB.was