專外加課后練習(xí)

afouriertransformpair傅里葉變換對abnormality畸形，不正常abrupt，急劇的，不連續(xù)的abstraction抽象academia學(xué)術(shù)界accountfor說明，占acoustic聲學(xué)的acquisition采集adaptiveequalization自適應(yīng)均衡adaptivedifferenytialPCM自適應(yīng)微分PCMadaptiveDPCM自適應(yīng)DPCMadder加法器additiveWhitegaussiannoise(AWGN)加性高斯白噪聲add-on附加add-on附加物addressbus地址總線addressdecrement地址減量addressincrement地址增量addressingmode尋址模式addressing尋址ADM自適應(yīng)增量調(diào)制algebraicfunction代數(shù)函數(shù)algebraicfunction代數(shù)函數(shù)algebra代數(shù)學(xué)algorithm算法algorithm算法alongwith隨同，，一起alphabet字符表alternative可供選擇的辦法alter改變ALU算術(shù)邏輯ALU算術(shù)邏輯單元ALU算術(shù)邏輯單元amongst在。。中間amountofinformation信息量amountofinformation信息量amountto等于amountto等于amplitude幅度amplitude振幅AM調(diào)幅anintegralpart不可分割的部分anupper-frequencylimit頻率上限analogously類似地analog模擬animation動畫annotation注解antenna天線anticipate預(yù)期AOPCM自適應(yīng)差分脈沖編碼調(diào)制API：applicationprogramminginterface應(yīng)用程序接口appreciable可評價(jià)的arbitarily任意地arbitrarily任意地architecture體系結(jié)構(gòu)archivalstorage檔案庫存儲器archivalstorage文檔庫存儲器archival檔案的argument自變量artificialboundary人工邊界artificialintelligence人工智能artificialintelligence人工智能asamatterofconvenience為方便起見asyet迄今ASIC專用集成電路ASIC專用集成電路ASKamplitude-shiftkeying振幅鍵控ASK振幅鍵控assemblylanguage匯編語言assign分配attenuate衰減attenuate衰減attribute屬性attribute屬性audiblespectrum聲譜audiblespectrum聲譜audible聽得見的autocorrelationfunction自相關(guān)函數(shù)AVI:audiovideointerleaved聲像文件AWGN加性高斯白噪聲backgroundnoise背景噪音balancedcircuit平衡電路bandlimitedgaussianchannel限帶高斯信道bandwidthefficiency帶寬效率bank組baudrate波特率baudrate波特率befreeto隨意beatlibertyto被允許becloseto接近beconditionedto習(xí)慣于beessentialfor對，，必不可少berepresentativeof表示，代表besomethingof有一點(diǎn)behavioral行為的BER誤碼率bidirectionaltransmission雙向傳輸bidrectional雙向的biterrorratio誤碼率bitrate比特率bitwiseoperation逐位運(yùn)算blending混合blend混合blockcode分組碼boundaryrepresentation邊界表示法boundaryrepressentation邊界表示法BPM:位圖bps(bitspersecond)比特/秒braided編織的bringout生產(chǎn),使顯示broadly概括地，大致地bruteforcemethod強(qiáng)制法brute強(qiáng)制的buildingblock標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件buildingblock標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件built-ininterface嵌入式界面built-in內(nèi)置的，嵌入的bus總線cachememory高速緩沖存儲器cachememory高速緩沖存貯器carrierwave載波categorize分類CELP碼激勵(lì)線性估計(jì)channelbandwidth信道帶寬channelcapacity信道容量channelcoding信道編碼characteristic特征clear-cut明確的clockcycle時(shí)鐘周期clockcycle時(shí)鐘周期coaxialcable同軸電纜codedistancecodedistance碼距codeweight碼權(quán)codedmodulation編碼調(diào)制codeword碼字codinggain編碼增益cognitivefunction認(rèn)知功能cognitive認(rèn)知的，有感知的collection集合collectively公共的commence開始community團(tuán)體compact簡潔的compact簡潔的compact緊湊的companding壓擴(kuò)compandor壓擴(kuò)器companion同伴compiler編譯器compiler編譯器complementary補(bǔ)充的complement補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)足complication復(fù)雜化compression壓縮compressorratio壓縮比compressor壓縮器compress壓縮compromise危害，損害computervision計(jì)算機(jī)視覺computerized計(jì)算機(jī)化的concealment隱藏conceptually概念地conflict沖突constituent形成的,組成的constraintlength制約長度constraintlength制約長度constraint約束contamination污染contemplate預(yù)期continuum連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體contour輪廓contour輪廓contrastenhancement對比度增強(qiáng)contrast對比度controlsystemdesign控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)convolutional卷積的convolutional卷積碼convolution卷積coordinate坐標(biāo)copperwire銅錢copper銅線correspondto相應(yīng)，符合cosine余弦covariance協(xié)方差creativity創(chuàng)造力crestfactor振幅因數(shù)crosstalk串話curvefitting曲線擬合customize定制cw（continuouswave）連續(xù)波cycliccode循環(huán)碼cyclicshift循環(huán)移位cyclicshift循環(huán)移位cyclicshift循環(huán)移位DAE：differential-algebraicequation微分代數(shù)方程dataacquistition數(shù)據(jù)采集datacompression圖像壓縮datapre-processing數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理datastream數(shù)據(jù)流datastructure數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)datastructure數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)datathroughput數(shù)據(jù)吞吐率datatransfer數(shù)據(jù)傳送datatransmission數(shù)據(jù)傳輸debugger調(diào)試程序debugging調(diào)試的decibel分貝decoder解碼器decrement減縮，減值dedicatedcircuit專用電路dedicatedintegratedcircuit專用集成電路dedicated專用的degradation退化deltafunction狄拉克函數(shù),δ函數(shù)demonstrate證明denote指示derivation（公式）推導(dǎo)descriptivestatistics描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)descriptivestatistics描述統(tǒng)計(jì)descriptor描述子designation指示designation指示。指定deterministicwaveform確定性波形deterministic確定性的devise設(shè)計(jì)dibit二位二進(jìn)制數(shù)dice擲骰子die骰子differencesignal差分信號differentialequation微分方程DifferentialPulseCodeModulation差分脈沖編碼調(diào)制differentiate區(qū)別differentiation微分法digitalimage數(shù)字圖像digitalfilter數(shù)字濾波器digitalsignalprocessing數(shù)字信號處理digitalsignalprocessor數(shù)字信號處理器digitizer數(shù)字化儀digitize將。。數(shù)字化dimensional...維的directquantization直接量化disable禁止，使失效discipline學(xué)科discretelevel離散電平discrete離散的disperse分散的disregard忽視distinct不同的distortionlesstransmission無失真?zhèn)鬏攄istortion失真distortion失真distort失真DM:deltamodulation增量調(diào)制，δ調(diào)制double-precision雙精度的DPCM差分脈沖編碼調(diào)制DPCM差分脈沖編碼調(diào)制DPCM差分脈碼調(diào)制DPSK（DifferentialPSK)差分相位鍵控DPSK差分相位鍵控drainoff漸漸枯竭drawback缺點(diǎn)，障礙dueto由于dynamic動態(tài)的earthandlifescience地球和生命科學(xué)echocancellation回波消除echocanceller回波抵消器echosuppressor回波抑制器echo回聲eigenvalue特征值electromagneticradiation電磁輻射electromagneticspectrum電磁波頻譜electromagnetic~:電磁交感electromagneticradiation電磁輻射electromagneticwave電磁波electromagnetivespectrum電磁波頻譜electronmicroscopy電子顯微鏡electronmicroscopy電子顯微鏡elliptic橢圓的emanatefrom發(fā)源embed使嵌入emulate模擬encoder編碼器encoding編碼encompass包括enhancement增強(qiáng)ensembleaverage集平均ensemble集，總體,整體enterinto參加，涉及entropy熵，平均信息量envelopedelaydistortion包絡(luò)線延遲失真envelopedelay包絡(luò)延遲,群時(shí)延equalizer均衡器equivalent相等的erasure插除ergodicprocess各態(tài)歷經(jīng)過程ergodic各態(tài)歷經(jīng)的erratic不穩(wěn)定的errorcorrectioncode糾錯(cuò)碼errordetectioncode檢錯(cuò)碼errorintervals誤差間隔evaluation計(jì)算eventual最后的ever-growing日益增長evolve使發(fā)展excel表格處理軟件excessively過分的execution執(zhí)行exempligratia（e.g.）例如expectation期望expectation期望值explicitly明白地exploration探險(xiǎn)extension擴(kuò)展名externalroutine外部程序externaldatabase外部數(shù)據(jù)庫externalmemory外部存儲器externalmemory外存externalroutine外部程序extreme極端的，偏激的factorization因數(shù)分解fade衰落falloff下降family系列FDM頻分多路復(fù)用FDM頻分多路復(fù)用featureselection特征選擇featureselection特征選擇FEC前向糾錯(cuò)FER：forwarderrorcorrection前向糾錯(cuò)fetch存取FFT快速傅里葉變換fiber光纖fileentension文件擴(kuò)展名fileextension文件擴(kuò)展名filedprogrammablegatearray現(xiàn)場可編程們陣列film膠卷filterbank濾波器組filter濾波flatscreen平面屏幕flatscreen平面屏幕floating-pointoperation浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算floating-pointoperationspersecondFLOPS浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算次數(shù)每秒formidable困難的formulas公式化formula公式fortran一種計(jì)算機(jī)語言Fouriertransform傅里葉變換FPGA快速傅里葉變換fractional部分的fractional部分的framebuffer幀緩沖器framebuffer幀緩沖器frequencycomponent頻率成分frequencycomponent頻率成分FSK(frenquency移頻鍵控FSK頻移鍵控full-custom全定制的functionality函數(shù)性fundamentally基礎(chǔ)地gamma伽馬射線gap間隙gaussianchannel高斯信道gaussianprocess高斯過程gaussian高斯的GDI：graphicaluserinterface圖形用戶接口generality一般性general-purposeDSPgeneral-purpose通用的generatordiagram狀態(tài)圖generatormatrix生成矩陣generatormatrix生成矩陣generatorpolynomial生成多項(xiàng)式geographicmapping地理制圖geographicmapping地理制圖giga千兆goggles墨鏡granularnoise顆粒噪聲graylevel灰度級grid格子hammingdistance漢明間距Hartley-Shannonlaw哈特萊-香農(nóng)定理Harvardarchitecture哈佛體系結(jié)構(gòu)Harvardarchitecture哈佛體系結(jié)構(gòu)HDF:hierarchicaldataformat層次數(shù)據(jù)格式headgear頭戴聽筒hereafter今后heuristic啟發(fā)式的HF(highfrequency)高頻high-levellanguage高級語言high-level高級的highlight強(qiáng)調(diào)histogram直方圖HLL高級語言homebase工作基地homepage主頁horizontal水平的house保存idealexpectation理想期望值ideallowpassfilter理想低通濾波器identical同一的，同樣的identical一致的identity標(biāo)示imageacquistion圖像獲取imagesharpening圖像銳化imagedegradation圖像退化imagepre-processing圖像預(yù)處理imageprocessingtoolbox圖像處理工具箱imagerestoration圖像恢復(fù)imagesensor攝像傳感器imagesensor攝像傳感器imageunderstanding圖像理解imageunderstanding圖像理解immune免疫的impairment損害impairment損害，損傷implementation實(shí)現(xiàn)import輸入impractical不切實(shí)際的impress施加inanutshell簡言之inanutshell簡言之inanattemptto力圖inaneffortto企圖inbetween在，，之間inconnectionwith與...有關(guān)inphase同相地,協(xié)調(diào)地inplaceof代替inpractice實(shí)際中inprinciple原則上inrelationto關(guān)于intermsof根據(jù)inthelimit在極限情況下inadvertently不注意地inaudible聽不見的incidental偶然的incorporated（Inc.）股份有限公司incorporate合并increment增量，增加individual個(gè)別的infancy開始infiniteimpulseresponse無限脈沖相應(yīng)inflection彎曲informationtransfer信息傳遞infrequent罕見的inherent固有的initialvalue初值ink-jet噴墨insight洞察力insrtuctionset指令集instantaneous瞬間的instructionfetch指令取出instructional教育的，指導(dǎo)的instrumentation儀器intact原封不動的，完整的integral積分integral組成的，主要的，必備的integratedcircuit集成電路intelligibility可懂度，清晰度intelligible清晰的intensity強(qiáng)度，亮度interaction交互作用interactive交互式的interconnect使相互連接intergration積分（法）internalmemory內(nèi)部存儲器internationalstandard國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)interpolate插值interpolation內(nèi)插intersymbolinterference碼間干擾interval間隔introductory介紹的，初步的，導(dǎo)言的intuitively直覺地intuitive直覺的inverseoperation逆操作isosurface等面的iterativemethod迭代法javajointly公共的，聯(lián)合的JPEG聯(lián)合圖像專家組JPEG:jointphotographicexpertsgroup聯(lián)合圖像專家組JPEG聯(lián)合圖像專家組jukebox自動光盤機(jī)jumble混雜justify調(diào)整，證明正確large-scaleproduction大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)lease出租legend圖注library庫likelihood可能likely可能的likeness相像的likewise同樣地likewise同樣地linearprediction線性預(yù)測linearalgebra線性代數(shù)linearequation線性方程linearity線性line-of-sightpropagation直線傳播line-of-sight視線live生動的logpulsePCMquantizer對數(shù)脈沖PCM量化器logictable邏輯表logictable邏輯表look-uptable查找表loop-uptable查找表lowerbound下界lowerbound下界macroinstruction宏指令magnetictape磁帶magneticdisk磁盤magnetic磁的makemeasurement量度makeupfor補(bǔ)償manufacturer制造業(yè)者margin余量markedly顯著地massstorage海量存儲器massive大量的materialize實(shí)現(xiàn)matrixcomputation矩陣計(jì)算matrixfactorization矩陣化分解matrixfactorization矩陣因子分解matrixfactorzation矩陣因數(shù)分解matrix矩陣maximummagnitude最大幅值mesh網(wǎng)目，網(wǎng)格metalfoil金屬箔miniaturize使微型化minimum最小的，最低的MIPS百萬條指令每秒mnemonicassemblylanguage助記匯編語言mnemonicsassemblylanguage助記匯編語言mnemonic助記符modulatedsignal已調(diào)信號modulatedsignal已調(diào)信號modulatingsignal調(diào)制信號modulo-2adder模2加法器modulo以。。為模MOPS百萬次運(yùn)算每秒MOPS百萬次運(yùn)算每秒moreorless差不多的morphological形態(tài)學(xué)的MPE多脈沖激勵(lì)MSE均方誤差multilevelencoding多電平編碼multiplication乘法multiplier乘法器must必須的naturalness逼真度noisefreechannel無噪信道noncritical非臨界的nonetheless雖然如此，但是nonlinearoperation非線性運(yùn)算nonoverlapping不相疊的normalized規(guī)格化的，歸一化的normalize使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的numericalintergration數(shù)值積分numeric數(shù)字的nutshell最簡單扼要的表現(xiàn)法objective目標(biāo)obscure使暗ODE：ordinarydifferentiatialequation常微分方程offline脫機(jī)的onprinciple按照原則ontheotherhand另一面ontheaverage平均，一般來說on-line在線的on-off開關(guān)的OOP：object-orientedprogramming面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)openarchitecture開放型結(jié)構(gòu)openarchitecture開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu)operatingmode工作模式opticaldisk光盤opticalfiber光纖optical光學(xué)的optimize優(yōu)化orthogonalsignaling正交信號orthogonal正交的outcome結(jié)果outline提綱out-of-phase異相地,不協(xié)調(diào)地overallperformance總性能overlap部分重疊override壓倒overwhelm淹沒PAM脈幅調(diào)制PAM:pulseamplitudemodulation脈沖振幅調(diào)制PAM脈福調(diào)制pan搖攝parabolic拋物線的paradigm范例parallelmultiplier并聯(lián)乘法器parallel并行的parallelism并行性，并行操作parameter參數(shù)parametriccoder參數(shù)編碼器parametric參數(shù)的parity奇偶校驗(yàn)parseval’stheorem帕斯瓦爾定理parseval'stheorem巴塞瓦爾定理partialfractionexpansion部分分?jǐn)?shù)展開partition分割patch補(bǔ)片PCM:pulsecodemodulation脈沖編嗎調(diào)制PCM脈沖編碼調(diào)制PCX:圖形文件PDE：partialdifferentiatialequation偏微分方程pde偏微分方程PDM脈寬調(diào)制peakmagnitude峰值pel像素perceive察覺perception感知periodoftime時(shí)段periodic周期的peripheral外圍的，外圍設(shè)備phasedelay相位延遲physicalsystem物理系統(tǒng)physicalfact外界存在的事實(shí)physicalsignificance物理意義physicalsystem物理系統(tǒng)pictorial圖示的pictureelement像素pitch基波pixel像素platform平臺PLD可編程邏輯器件plotting繪圖，標(biāo)圖plot圖表ploynomial多項(xiàng)式PNG:portablenetworkgraphic可移植的網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖像文件格式polar極性的polynomial多項(xiàng)式positivepulse正脈沖powerconsumption功耗powerspectraldensity功率譜密度PPM:pulsephasemodulation脈沖相位調(diào)制PPM脈沖相位調(diào)制preclude消除，預(yù)防predictivecoding預(yù)測編碼preference偏愛prescribe指定，規(guī)定preset預(yù)置presumably推測起來presumed假定的probabilisticmodel概率模型probabilistic概率的probabilitydensity概率密度probabilityoferror誤碼率probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函數(shù)processingspeed數(shù)據(jù)處理速度productioncost生產(chǎn)成本productivity生產(chǎn)力，生產(chǎn)率product乘積programmemory程序存貯器programmablegatearray可編程邏輯器件project項(xiàng)目pronounced顯著的，明顯的proportionalto比例的prototype樣機(jī)prototyping樣機(jī)研究providedthat假如PSK(phase-shfitkeying)移相鍵控pulseduration脈沖寬度pulsetrain脈沖序列pyramidal金字塔形的quadrature求積分quantitativeinformation定量信息quantizationerror量化誤差quantization量化quantizer均勻量化器quantize量化quantumlevel量化電平quantumstepsize量化步長quantum量,量子論quiver容器radiowave無線電波radiowave無線電波RAM內(nèi)存randomprocess隨機(jī)過程randompulse隨機(jī)脈沖randompulses隨機(jī)脈沖randomvariable隨機(jī)變量rawdata原始數(shù)據(jù)raw未加工的reactto對...作出反應(yīng)reactivate復(fù)原，重激活real-timeconversation實(shí)時(shí)reception接受recognized公認(rèn)的reconstructed重建的recoverable可恢復(fù)的recursive遞歸的redundant冗余的refertoas稱為regression回歸reliably可靠地，安全地reliance信賴的remoteterminal遠(yuǎn)程終端rendering繪制render致使repetiton重復(fù)，循環(huán)representation表示法representative典型的reshape改造residualsignal殘留剩余信號resolution分辨resonantfrequency共振頻率resurface重新出現(xiàn)Retransmission轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)reveal揭示reversal反轉(zhuǎn)ribbon帶狀物risetime上升時(shí)間rms均方根root-mean-squareerror均方誤差root-mean-square均方根root-mean-square均方根root-mean-square均方根roundoff四舍五入roundoff舍入roundoff四舍五入rounding舍入，四舍五入round-trip來回的routine程序routine程序rugged不規(guī)則的rupture破裂，絕緣擊穿sacrifice犧牲samplefunction樣本函數(shù)samplefunction樣本函數(shù)scalar標(biāo)量scale改變比例scatter散點(diǎn)圖scroll卷動segmentation分割selectively仔細(xì)挑選separation間隔，距離serially連續(xù)地，串行地Shannon-Hartleylaw香農(nóng)-哈特萊定律shieldedcable屏蔽電纜shield屏蔽，保護(hù)shiftregister移位寄存器short-termprediction短期預(yù)測signalpower信號功率signalingpulse信號脈沖signalingspeed通信速度,發(fā)碼速率signal-to-noiseratio信號噪聲比signal-to-noiseratio信噪比siliconchip硅片siliconcompiler硅編譯器simplification簡化simulation模仿simultaneously同時(shí)地simultaneous同時(shí)的simultaneous同時(shí)的single-sidednoisepowerdensity單邊噪功率密度single-sidednoisepowerdensity單邊噪聲功率密度singularvalue奇異值singular奇異的skeletal骨架的SNRsignal-to-noiseratio信噪比softwarepackage軟件包sophisticated復(fù)雜的sophisticated復(fù)雜的spacing間隔，間距span橫跨sparsematrix稀疏矩陣sparse稀疏的spatial空間的specializedhardware專用硬件spectralcomponents頻光譜分量speechspectrum語音頻譜speechcoding語音編碼speechenhancement語音增強(qiáng)speechintelligibility語音可懂度speechrecognition語音識別sphere球squarewavesignal矩形波信號stage級standfor代表statediagram狀態(tài)圖statediagram狀態(tài)圖state-of-the-art發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀state-of-the-art目前發(fā)展水平stationary平穩(wěn)的statisticalcharacteristic統(tǒng)計(jì)特征statisticalaverage統(tǒng)計(jì)平均值statistical統(tǒng)計(jì)的statisticallyindependent統(tǒng)計(jì)獨(dú)立statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)statistic統(tǒng)計(jì)上的;統(tǒng)計(jì)量stem桿stepsize步長stereodisplay立體顯示stereodisplay立體顯示Stereophonic立體聲的streamline流線型的structuredlanguage結(jié)構(gòu)化語言structuredlanguage結(jié)構(gòu)化語言subjectivetesting主觀測試的submarinecable海底電纜suboptimal次最佳的subroutine子程序subroutine子程序subsequent后來的subset子集successivepulse連續(xù)脈沖suitto適合supercomputer巨型計(jì)算機(jī)suppressedcarrier抑制載波suppressor抑制器systematiccode系統(tǒng)碼systematiccode系統(tǒng)碼systematic系統(tǒng)的tackle解決takeon具有，呈現(xiàn)taxonomy分類法TDM時(shí)分多路復(fù)用TDM時(shí)分多路復(fù)用teleconferencing電話會議telemetry遙測testability可測試性texture紋理theorem定理thereafter后來thereby由此throughput吞吐率TIFF:taggedimagefileformat標(biāo)記圖像文件格式timeinvariant時(shí)不變的timeinvariant時(shí)不變的timeslot時(shí)隙timeslot時(shí)隙time-consuming耗時(shí)的toss投tradeoff交替換位tradeoff折中tradeoff折衷tradeoff折衷traffic業(yè)務(wù)transatlantic橫渡大西洋transformerwinding變壓器繞組transformerwinding變壓器繞組transition轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變transmissionbandwidth傳輸帶寬transmissionbandwidth傳輸帶寬transmissioncapacity傳輸容量transmissionefficiency傳輸效率transparency幻燈片treatment論述treatment論述。分析treediagram樹狀圖trellisdiagram網(wǎng)格圖trellisdiagram網(wǎng)格圖trellis格子triangulate是成三角形trinary三倍的trivial通常的truncate截?cái)?，截短tune調(diào)諧turnout結(jié)果twistedpair雙絞線two-waycommunication雙向通信ultransound超聲波ultrasound超聲波unavoidable不能避免的uncorrelated不相關(guān)的understandbaly可理解地undertake進(jìn)行，從事uniformquantizer均勻量化器uniformly均勻地uniform均勻的unipolar單級的unity單一upperlimit上限upperlimit上限upper-frequencylimit頻率上限VAD語音激活檢測器variable變量vectorarray向量數(shù)組vectorarray向量數(shù)組vector矢量vector矢量versatile通用的vestigial-sideband殘留邊帶vestigial殘留的viceversa反之亦然viceversa反之亦然vision視覺visualization視覺化VLSI超大規(guī)模集成電路VLSI超大規(guī)模集成電路vocoder聲碼器voicegradechannel話音級信道,電話線路volt伏特waveform波形wavelet子波whereby憑那個(gè)，由此whiteGaussiannoise高斯白噪聲withreferenceto關(guān)于withtheaidof借助于wordlength字長written書面的zoom圖像電子放大，縮放δ函數(shù)deltafunction包絡(luò)延遲envelopedelay背景噪音backgroundnoise編碼率coderate編碼增益codinggain波形跟隨編碼器waveformfollowingcoder部分分?jǐn)?shù)展開partialfractionexpansion參數(shù)編碼器paramatriccoder常微分方程ordinarydifferentialequation(ODE)初值initialvalue處理速度processingspeed傳輸效率transmissionefficiency串話crosstalk磁盤magneticdisk帶寬效率bandwidthefficiency帶通信號bandpasssignal地址總線addressbus電磁交感electromagneticinteraction定點(diǎn)fixed-point對比度增強(qiáng)contractenhancement二進(jìn)制表示法binaryrepresentation方波信號squarewavesignal分辨率resolution分組碼blockcodes峰值peakmagnitudes浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算floating-pointoperation傅里葉變換Fouriertransform概率密度函數(shù)probabilitydensityfunction高頻HF（highfrequency）高斯白噪聲whitegaussiannoise高斯過程gaussianprocess各態(tài)歷經(jīng)過程ergodicprocess功耗powerconsumption功率譜密度powerspectraldensity共振峰跟蹤濾波器formanttrackingfilter光盤opticaldisk國際電信聯(lián)盟internationaltelecommunicationsunion海底電纜submarinecable海量存儲期massstorage漢明距離Hammingdistance宏指令macroinstruction回波抑制器echosuppressor匯編語言assemblylanguage基因跟蹤濾波器pitchtrackingfilter計(jì)算機(jī)視覺computervision檢錯(cuò)碼errordetectioncode角度調(diào)制anglemodulation糾錯(cuò)碼errorcollectioncode矩陣matrix卷積碼covolutionalcode均衡器equalizer均勻量化器uniformquantizer理想低通濾波器ideallowpassfilter連續(xù)波調(diào)制continuouswavemodulation量化步長quantumstepsize碼距codedistance碼重codeweight脈沖編碼調(diào)制PCM脈沖寬度pulseduration脈沖調(diào)制pulsemodulation脈沖序列pulsetrain面性對象的程序設(shè)計(jì)oop模2加法器modulo-2adder模擬調(diào)制analogmodulation模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器analogtodigitalconverters目標(biāo)識別objectrecognition那奎斯特速率Nyguistrate奈奎斯特采樣速率nyquistsamplingrate內(nèi)部存貯器internalmemory頻域編碼器frequencydomaincoder平均比特能量theaveragebitenergy平穩(wěn)過程stationaryprocess屏蔽電纜shieldedcable期望值expectation奇異值singularvalue嵌入式界面built-ininterface生產(chǎn)成本productioncost生成多項(xiàng)式generatorpolynomial聲碼器vocoder時(shí)間平均值timeaverage樹形圖treediagram數(shù)據(jù)采集dataacquisition數(shù)據(jù)流datastream數(shù)據(jù)壓縮datacompression數(shù)值積分numericalintegration數(shù)字圖像處理digitalimageprocessing雙邊功率譜密度two-sidedpowerspectraldensity雙絞電纜twistedpaircable雙精度double-precision雙向通信two-termprediction隨機(jī)變量randomvariable隨機(jī)過程randomprocess特征向量eigenvector通信理論communicationtheory通信信道communicationchannel通用數(shù)字信號處理器同軸電纜coaxialcable統(tǒng)計(jì)獨(dú)立statisticallyindependent統(tǒng)計(jì)平均statisticalaverage統(tǒng)計(jì)特征statisticalcharacterristic圖像采集imageacquisition圖像分析imageanalysis圖像恢復(fù)imagerestoration圖像銳化imagesharpening圖像退化imagedegradation圖像顯示imagedisplay衛(wèi)星圖像satelliteimage無噪音高斯信道noiselessgaussianchannel誤碼率probabilityoferror稀疏矩陣sparsematrix限帶高斯信道bandlimitedgaussianchannel線性代數(shù)linearalgebra線性函數(shù)linearfunction線性函數(shù)linearfunction相位延遲phasedelay香農(nóng)定理Shannon'stheorem像素pel小波wavelet信道帶寬channelbandwidth信道容量channelcapacity信道容量channelcapacity信號波形signalwaveform信息速率aninformationrate信噪比signal-to-noiseratio循環(huán)碼cycliccode循環(huán)尋址circularaddressing壓擴(kuò)器compandor壓縮比compressionratio移位寄存器shiftregister移向鍵控phase-shiftkeying語音編碼speechcoding語音增強(qiáng)speechcoding預(yù)測編碼predictivecoding原始數(shù)據(jù)rawdata載波頻率carrierwavefrequency長時(shí)預(yù)測long-termprediction正脈沖positivepulse子程序subroutine自相關(guān)函數(shù)autocorrelationfunction自相關(guān)函數(shù)autocorrelationfunction字長wordlength集合平均ensembleaverageConvolution卷積目前發(fā)展水平state-of-the-art全雙工通信full-duplexcommunicationClearup結(jié)束均方根rmsMatrixfactorization矩陣分解Tradeoff交換專用集成電路ASIC包絡(luò)線延遲失真envelopedelaydistortionADPCM自適應(yīng)差分脈碼調(diào)制Real-timeconversation時(shí)時(shí)交談幀中繼framerelay外部存儲器externalmemoryOverlap重疊Timeslot時(shí)隙檢錯(cuò)碼errordetectioncode電子商務(wù)e-commerceAsynchronoustransfermodeswitch異步轉(zhuǎn)移模式Roundoff四舍五入線性預(yù)測linearprediction有限長度序列finitelengthsequenceVoicetraffic話音通信Pitchtracking-filter基音跟蹤濾波器內(nèi)插interpolation量化誤差quantizationtimeerror人工智能artificialintelligence(AI)Addressingmade尋址方式Uniformquantizer均勻量化域名系統(tǒng)DNSCutoffwavelength截止波長Throughout吞吐量調(diào)試程序debugger浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算floating-pointoperationCrosstalk串話Out-of-phase異相的聲譜audiblespectrum碼間干擾intersymbolinterferenceLine-of-sightpath視距路徑Dial-up撥號二、(1)第四代移動通信技術(shù)的研究TheresearchofFourth-generationMobileCommunicationTechnology(2)MATLAB包括工程和科學(xué)上需要的專用圖形。這些工具提供了可視建模能力幫助你理解復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)。MATLABincludesthespecializedgraphicsrequiredinengineeringandscience.Thesetoolsprovidevisualmodelingcapabilitiestohelpyoutounderstandcomplexsystems.(3)www中的最小單位是一個(gè)概念或文件中的一個(gè)短語。通過點(diǎn)擊該短語或單詞，就會與另一個(gè)相關(guān)聯(lián)的文本建立一個(gè)連接。這些文本可能在同一個(gè)文件、或同一臺計(jì)算機(jī)中、或世界另一端的一臺計(jì)算機(jī)中。Thewwwminimumunitisaconceptorphraseinthefile.Byclickingonthephraseorword,itwillestablishaconnectionwithanotherassociatedtext.Thesetextscouldbeinthesamefile,orthesamecomputer,oracomputerintheothersideoftheworld,andallthesearetransparenttousers.（4）借助于頻分多路或時(shí)分多路復(fù)用技術(shù)，傳輸媒介原有的電路容量可以得到充分利用。多路復(fù)用和調(diào)制方式的選擇取決于下列諸因素：與原有系統(tǒng)的兼容性、系統(tǒng)有效工作所允許的損耗、帶寬、信噪比性能、干擾抑制能力、失真特性和所要求的頻率發(fā)生器的穩(wěn)定性。WiththehelpofFDMAorCDMAtechnology,theoriginalcircuitcapacityoftransmissionmediumcanbesufficientlyused.Thechoiceofmultiplexingandmodulationmodedependsonthefollowingfactors:compatibilitywiththeoriginalsystem,thelossthatsystemeffectiveworkallows,bandwidth,SNRperformance,interferencesuppressioncapability,distortioncharacteristicandfrequencygeneratorstabilitytherequired.三、1.Compression,asthenameimplies,dealswithtechniquesforreducingthestoragerequiredtosaveanimage,orthebandwidthrequiredtotransmitit.Althoughstoragetechnologyhasimprovedsignificantlyoverthepastdecade,thesamecannotbesaidfortransmissioncapacity.ThisistrueparticularlyinusesoftheInternet,whicharecharacterizedbysignificantpictorialcontent.Awell-designedpackagealsoincludesthecapabilityfortheusertowritecodethat,asaminimum,utilizesthespecializedmodules.Moresophisticatedsoftwarepackagesallowtheintegrationofthosemodulesandgeneral-purposesoftwarecommandsfromatleastonecomputerlanguage.壓縮包，就像字面意思那樣，處理的是減少空間來存儲圖像，或者是通過帶寬來傳輸它，雖然在過去的幾年里存儲技術(shù)得到了很大的提高，但是傳輸能力卻沒有這么多的提高。特別是采用了網(wǎng)絡(luò)之后，圖案內(nèi)容成為其顯著的功能特點(diǎn)。最小單元，一個(gè)精心設(shè)計(jì)的程序包包括讓用戶利用專門的模塊寫入程序的能力。更精致的軟件包可以使那些模塊進(jìn)行集成，多用途的軟件指令至少來自一種計(jì)算機(jī)語言。2.TheimportanceoftheconceptofinformationrateisthatitentersintoatheoremduetoShannonwhichisfundamentaltothetheoryofcommunications.Thistheoremisconcernedwiththerateoftransmissionofinformationoveracommunicationchannel.Whilewehaveusedthetermcommunicationchannelonmanyoccasions,itiswelltoemphasizeatthispoint,thattheterm,whichissomethingofanabstraction,isintendedtoencompassallthefeaturesandcomponentpartsofthetransmissionsystemwhichintroducenoiseorlimitthebandwidth.信息速率的重要性在于，它是通信理論基礎(chǔ)香農(nóng)定理的一部分。這個(gè)定理與信息通過信道的傳輸速率有關(guān)。然而我們已經(jīng)在很多情況下用到信道理論。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的一點(diǎn)是，這個(gè)理論是抽象的，它包含了能夠產(chǎn)生噪聲或者限制帶寬的傳輸系統(tǒng)的所有特征和各部分內(nèi)容。3.Thephysicalfactaboutthenoise,whichisofprincipalconcerninconnectionwithcommunicationssystems,isthatsuchnoisehasapowerspectraldensityG(f)whichisuniformoverallfrequencies.Suchnoiseisreferredtoas“white”noiseinanalogywiththeconsiderationthatwhitelightisacombinationofallcolors,thatis,colorsofallfrequencies.Actuallythereisanupper-frequencylimitbeyondwhichthespectraldensityfallsoffsharply.However,thisupper-frequencylimitissohighthatwemayignoreitforourpurposes.Hence,wheneverwemakeanobservationormeasurementofthepulsewaveformwhichextendsoveradurationlongenoughsothattheaverageobservedpulseshape,suchastheiramplitudes,widths,andspacingsarerepresentativeofthewaveformgenerally,weshallfindthatEq.(1.12)applies.在通信系統(tǒng)中，噪聲是被主要關(guān)注的對象。關(guān)于噪聲的一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)是有一種噪聲在所有頻率下的功率譜密度G（f）是一樣的，這種噪聲被稱作白噪聲。這類似于白光是由所有頻率（顏色）的單色光組合而成。事實(shí)上存在一個(gè)頻率上限，超過頻率上限，功率譜密度將迅速衰減。然而，這個(gè)頻率上限特別高，以致于我們可以將其忽略。于是，無論何時(shí)我們觀察或測量脈沖波形，這些脈沖波持續(xù)足夠長時(shí)間以便于平均觀察脈沖形狀，如振幅、限寬和間隔，這些是能廣泛代表這個(gè)波型，我們將發(fā)現(xiàn)式1.12適用于此。4.Uniformityofstructureisjustasimportantinwaveguidsasinotherlineartransmissionmedia.Changesinsizeorshapeofcrosssection,holesorprojectionsinthewalls,andlackofhomogeneityinthemetaldistorttheelectromagneticfieldandgenerateunwantedmodesthatresultintransmissionlosses.Reflectionlossescanbecausedbybendsortwiststhatarenotgradualenoughorbyimproperterminationsatthesendingorreceivingend.Whereirregularitiesareunavoidable,theyareminimizedbymeansofimpedancematchingtechniques.結(jié)構(gòu)的均勻性在光波導(dǎo)和其他線性傳輸媒介同樣重要。橫截面大小與形狀、側(cè)壁的凹凸不平以及金屬同一性的缺乏都會使得電磁場發(fā)生扭曲，并且生成并非我們需求的模式，導(dǎo)致傳輸耗散。反射損耗既可能是由非漸變的彎曲處引起的，也可能是在發(fā)射端和接收端不正確的終止引起的。不平整是不可避免的，我們可以通過阻抗匹配技術(shù)來使它最小化。5.Speechwaveformshaveanumberofusefulpropertiesthatcanbeexploitedwhendesigningefficientcoders.Someofthepropertiesthataremostoftenutilizedincoderdesignincludethenonuniformprobabilitydistributionofspeechamplitude,thenonzeroautocorrelationbetweensuccessivespeechsamples,thenonflatnatureofthespeechspectra,theexistenceofvoicedandunvoicedsegmentsinspeech,andthequasiperiodicityofvoicedspeechsignals.Themostbasicpropertyofspeechwaveformsthatisexploitedbyallspeechcodersisthattheyarebandlimited.Afinitebandwidthmeansthatitcanbetimediscretized(sampled)atafiniterateandreconstructedcompletelyfromitssamples,providedthatthesamplingfrequencyisgreaterthantwicethehighestfrequencycomponentinthelowpasssignal當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)高效的編碼器時(shí)，語音波形有大量的可被利用的有用性質(zhì)。其中在編碼器設(shè)計(jì)中經(jīng)常被用到的性質(zhì)包括語音振幅的不均勻概率分布、在連續(xù)語音取樣中的非零自相關(guān)性、語音譜的不平穩(wěn)特性、語音中的有聲和無聲片段的存在性、以及有聲語音信號的準(zhǔn)周期性。被所有語音編碼器利用的語音波形的最基本的特性是：語音波形是帶寬受限的。有限帶寬意味著在有限的速率下，它能被時(shí)間離散化，在低通信號中，如果采樣頻率比最高頻率成分的兩倍還要大，那么它就能從它的采樣中完全恢復(fù)。1.ThisnegativetheoremstatesthatiftheinformationrateRexceedsaspecifiedvalueC,theerrorprobabilitywillincreasetowardunityasMincreases,andthatalso,generally,inthiscasewhereR>C,increasingthecomplexityofthecodingresultsinanincreaseintheprobabilityoferror.這個(gè)逆定理表明:如果信息速率R超過規(guī)定值C,那么誤碼率將隨著M的增加不斷向1增加,通常,R>C時(shí),編碼復(fù)雜度的增加還會導(dǎo)致誤碼率的增加。2.MATLABincludesthespecializedgraphicsrequiredinengineeringandscience.Thesetoolsprovidevisualmodelingcapabilitiestohelpyoutounderstandcomplexsystems3.Anotherwaveformfollowingmethod,calledeithercodeexcitedlinearprediction(CELP)ormultipulseexcitation(MPE),containsbothaformanttrackingfilter(knownasashort-termpredictor)andapitchtrackingfilter(knownasalong-termpredictionfilteroranadaptivecodebook).另一種波形跟隨方法,稱為碼激勵(lì)線性預(yù)測(CELP)或多脈沖激勵(lì)(MPE),包括共振峰跟蹤濾波器(稱為短時(shí)預(yù)測器)和基音跟蹤濾波器(稱為長時(shí)預(yù)測濾波器或自適應(yīng)碼書）。通信與電子信息科技英語ScientificEnglishonCommunicationsandElectronicInformation張敏瑞張紅編著August2007北京郵電大學(xué)出版社01目錄Unit1RandomProcesses補(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí)資料1Unit2ChannelCapacityUnit3PulseCodeModulationFundamentalsUnit4FundamentalsofChannelCodingUnit5ModulationUnit6SpeechCodingUnit7DigitalImageProcessing補(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí)資料2Unit8IntroductiontoMATLAB12Unit9ImplementationofDSPSystemsUnit10CharacteristicsofDataTransmissionCircuitsUnit11MicrowaveRadioTransmissionUnit12FiberOpticUnit13MobileWirelessUnit14ATMUnit15InternetUnit16NetworkManagementUnit17SecurityofMobileandWirelessNetworksUnit18Abstract補(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí)資料323Unit1RandomProcessesNEWWORDSPHRASESNOTESEXERCISESBack34NEWWORDSUnit145Unit156Unit167BackUnit178PHRASESrandomprocess 隨機(jī)過程ontheaverage平均,按平均數(shù)計(jì)算;一般地說makemeasurement 量度samplefunction樣本函數(shù)statisticalaverage 統(tǒng)計(jì)平均(值)probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函數(shù)statisticalcharacteristic 統(tǒng)計(jì)特性autocorrelationfunction 自相關(guān)函數(shù)Unit189inconnectionwith 關(guān)于……，與……有關(guān)physicalsignificance物理意義Fouriertransform 傅里葉變換powerspectraldensity 功率譜密度beatlibertyto(do)被允許;可隨意gaussianprocess 高斯過程physicalfact 外界存在的事實(shí)upper-frequencylimit頻率上限falloff 下降,減少Unit1910Backinthelimit 在極限情況下deltafunction δ函數(shù)，狄垃克函數(shù)randompulse 隨機(jī)（雜亂）脈沖timeinvariant 時(shí)不變的Parseval’stheorem巴塞瓦爾定理statisticallyindependent統(tǒng)計(jì)獨(dú)立successivepulse 連續(xù)脈沖berepresentativeof表示，代表，代表……的特征Unit11011NOTES[1]Thus,wewouldexpectthatasinglediewouldyieldaparticularoutcome,ontheaverage,of1timeo