Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 詞匯及練習(xí) 學(xué)案-2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)外研版選修八

Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse

詞匯短語(yǔ)

1.accustomedadj.習(xí)慣的

搭配：

beaccustomedto(doing)sth=beusedto(doing)sth習(xí)慣于(做)

某事

I'maccustomedtotheschoollifeherenow.

現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣這兒的學(xué)校生活了。

Ihavebeenaccustomedtogoingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyfor

years.

我已習(xí)慣于早睡早起數(shù)年了。

accustomv.使...習(xí)慣于

Ittookawhileformetoaccustommyselftoallthenewrulesand

regulations.

我花了一段時(shí)間才適應(yīng)所有新的規(guī)章制度。

2.witnessv.目擊，親眼看見(jiàn);親身經(jīng)歷

Didyouwitnesstheaccident?

你親眼看到那場(chǎng)事故了嗎？

(1)witnessv.作證(常與against,for,to等連用)

Ithinkshewillwitnessagainsthim.

我認(rèn)為她會(huì)作證他有罪。

Hewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.

他作證說(shuō)曾看到此人走進(jìn)大樓。

(2)witnessn.目擊者;見(jiàn)證人

Hewasoneofthewitnessesatourwedding.

他是我們婚禮的證婚人之一。

be(a)witnesstosth目擊某事發(fā)生;為某事提供證據(jù)

bear/givewitness(tosth)為...作證;證明

3.assumev.假定，假設(shè)

搭配：

(1)assume+sth/that從句假定、認(rèn)為...

Wecan'tassumeanythinginthiscase.

在這種情形下我們無(wú)法做出任何揣測(cè)。

Iassumethatyoualwaysgetupatthesametime.

我想你總是在同一時(shí)間起床。

(2)assumesb/sthtobe...假設(shè)某人/某物是...

He'snotsuchafoolasyouassumedhimtobe.

他并非你所認(rèn)為的那樣愚蠢。

assumptionn.假定，假設(shè)

ontheassumptionthat.../assumingthat...假定...

Assumingthat/Ontheassumptionthattheproposalisaccepted,when

arewegoingtogetthemoney?

假定這個(gè)建議被采納，我們何時(shí)能拿到錢(qián)？

4.patiencen.耐心

Theworkrequiresbothskillandpatience.

這項(xiàng)工作既需要技術(shù)又需要耐心。

搭配：

beoutofpatiencewith耐不住...；對(duì)....忍無(wú)可忍

havenopatiencewith對(duì)...不能容忍;對(duì)....沒(méi)有耐心

havepatiencetodosth做某事有耐心

bepatientwithsb對(duì)某人有耐心

bepatientofsth忍耐某事

patiently=withpatience耐心地

5.burstv.爆炸

Icarryasparetireinthebootofthecarincaseonebursts.

我?guī)Я艘粋€(gè)備用輪胎放在后備廂里，以防爆胎。

burstintotears/laughter/cheers突然大哭/大笑/歡呼起來(lái)

burstoutcrying/laughing/singing突然哭起來(lái)/笑起來(lái)/唱起來(lái)

burstintotheroom闖入屋里

burstwithanger勃然大怒

burstwithjoy/happiness非常高興

burstin突然插嘴;打斷

burstopen(使)猛然打開(kāi)

6.acknowledgev.承認(rèn);認(rèn)為

搭配：

(1)acknowledge+sth/that從句承認(rèn)...

(2)acknowledgedoing...承認(rèn)做過(guò)...

(3)acknowledge...as/tobe...認(rèn)為...是...(常用于被動(dòng)形式)

(4)Itswidely/universallyacknowledgedthat...大家普遍認(rèn)為...

Theyacknowledgedtheirresponsibilityforthebombing.=They

acknowledgedthattheywereresponsibleforthebombing.

他們承認(rèn)對(duì)這起爆炸事件負(fù)責(zé)。

ZhangYimouisacknowledgedasoneofthebestmoviedirectorsinChina

nowadays.

=ItsacknowledgedthatZhangYimouisoneofthebestmoviedirectorsin

Chinanowadays.

張藝謀被公認(rèn)為是中國(guó)當(dāng)今最優(yōu)秀的電影導(dǎo)演之一。

acknowledgev.告知(收到)；感謝

Shewalkedrightpastmewithoutacknowledgingme.

她從我身旁走過(guò)，連個(gè)招呼也沒(méi)打。

Hislongservicewiththecompanywasacknowledgedwithapresent.

公司送他一份禮物，答謝他為公司的長(zhǎng)期服務(wù)。

7.defeatn.失敗

Ineverconsiderthepossibilityofdefeat.

我從未考慮有失敗的可能性。

defeatv.擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝

辨析：

比較beat,defeat和win

(1)beat和defeat都表示在戰(zhàn)斗或競(jìng)賽中“戰(zhàn)勝、擊敗(對(duì)手)”，后接競(jìng)

爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

Thenewsthathehasbeendefeated/beatenintheelectionisnottrue.

他在大選中被擊敗的消息不屬實(shí)。

(2)win“戰(zhàn)勝、贏得”，其賓語(yǔ)通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品或表尊重、崇拜之

類(lèi)意義的詞。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手不能作其賓語(yǔ)。

winagame/match/race在游戲/比賽/賽跑中獲勝

winagoldmedal(在比賽、競(jìng)賽中)贏得金牌

winsupport贏得支持

8.accusev.指責(zé)

搭配：

accusesbofsth/doingsth控告某人某事/做某事

Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.

警方指控他謀殺。

Sheaccusedhimofstealingherwatch.

她控告他偷她的表。

辨析：

比較accuse,charge和blame

(1)accuse指當(dāng)面指控或指責(zé)，不一定訴諸法庭。

(2)charge指因犯較大錯(cuò)誤或重大罪行而進(jìn)行正式法律控訴，可構(gòu)成

chargesbwithsth的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。

Thepolicearegoingtochargehimwithmurder.

警察準(zhǔn)備控告他謀殺。

(3)blame指對(duì)不好的事物或?qū)ψ鲥e(cuò)事的人給予責(zé)備，可構(gòu)成blamesbfor

(doing)sth或sbistoblameforsth的搭配。

Thedriverwastoblamefortheaccident.

這起交通事故的責(zé)任應(yīng)歸責(zé)于這個(gè)司機(jī)。

9.reliefn.安慰;寬慰

Tomygreatrelief,Iwasn'tlate.

我慶幸的是沒(méi)有遲到。

搭配：

It'sagreatrelieftodosth做某事讓人寬慰

It'sagreatrelieftofindyouhere.

見(jiàn)到你在這兒我就放心了。

toone'srelief使某人感到慶幸或?qū)捨康氖?/p>

inrelief如釋重負(fù)地

bring/givereliefto給...帶來(lái)寬慰

10.consultv.咨詢;請(qǐng)教

搭配：

consultsbaboutsth就某事向某人征求意見(jiàn)

Heconsultedhislawyeraboutthecase.

他就此案向律師做了咨詢。

consultadoctor看瞽生

consultwithsb與某人商量

consultamap/dictionary查閱地圖/詞典

consultonesnotes查看某人的肇記

11.inspiteof不管

Inspiteoftheheavysnow,hedrovedowntown.

盡管下著大雪，他還是開(kāi)車(chē)去了城里。

搭配：

inspiteof/despitethefactthat...不管...的事實(shí)

辨析：

比較inspiteof和although/though

inspiteof是介詞短語(yǔ),后接賓語(yǔ)。although/though是連詞，后接從句。

Theyhadawonderfulholidayinspiteofthebadweather.

=Theyhadawonderfulholidaythough/althoughtheweatherwasbad.

盡管天氣不好，他們還是度過(guò)了一個(gè)美好的假期。

regardlessof不管;不顧

12.setout開(kāi)始做;著手進(jìn)行

搭配：

setouttodosth=setaboutdoingsth=getdowntodoingsth

著手、開(kāi)始做某事

Atfiveinthemorninghesetouttodo(setaboutdoing)hiswork.

清晨五點(diǎn)他就開(kāi)始工作。

setoutfor=set。什for=leavefor動(dòng)身去...

Havingsaidgoodbyetotheirfriends,theysetout(setoff)forParis.

他們向朋友告別后，就動(dòng)身去巴黎了。

跟蹤練

閱讀理解

A

Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeand

effortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparent

benefits?Whyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanon

conditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,

areveryoftenasked.

Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.

Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andintoall

possibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,the

betteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceis

thisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.

Explorationalsoallowsminerals（礦物）andotherpotentialresourcesto

befound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbe

usefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledge

ortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmay

havemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.

Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsin

earthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandin

communicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesare

by-products（副產(chǎn)品）oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace.

Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,the

explorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofour

speciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Thedangerexists,but

knowledgecanhelphumanbeingstosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachout

acrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.

WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptive

abilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthe

lifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthe

pastandsurelycouldinthefuture.

1.WhydoestheauthorraisethequestionsinParagraph1?

A.Toexpresshisdoubts.

B.Tocomparedifferentideas.

C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.

D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.

2.WhydohumansliketoexploreaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Theyareborntodoso.

B.Theyhavethetendencytofight.

C.Theyliketostayindifferentplaces.

D.Theywanttofindnewsourcesoffood.

3.Theunderlinedword"spin-offs"inParagraph3probablyrefersto.

A.survivalchancesB.potentialresources

C.unexpectedbenefitsD.physicalpossessions

4.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusaboutspaceexploration?

A.Ithascreatedmanywonders.

B.Itprovidedthebestvalueformoney.

C.Itcanbenefitscienceandtechnology.

D.ItmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.

B

ForgetlightingaChristmastreeinthetraditionalway,withstringsoflights

pluggedintothewall.TheLivingPlanetAquarium（水族館）inSandy,Utah

isusingoneofitsveryownresidents—anelectriceel（電包曼）一totwinkleits

tree.

"Visitorscanvisuallyandaudiblyexperiencethepowerofourelectriceel

andgetarealsenseofhowamazingthiscreatureis,HsaidAngieHyde,the

aquariumsmarketingdirector.

Forthepastthreeyears,Sparky,anelectriceelthatispartofthe

aquariums“JourneyToSouthAmerica"gallery,hasbeen"sparking"the

five-foottalltreewithelectriccurrentsthathegivesoffintothewater.Withtwo

stainless-steelelectrodes（不銹鋼電極），thecurrentsareconnectedto

sequencers,whichinturnproduceflashinglights.Therateatwhichthey

blinkdependsonthepowerSparkyproduces.

"He'sjustdoinghisnatural,normalactivity.Itteachesvisitorsaboutthe

eelandwhatit'sallabout,“saidHyde.

HydesaidvisitorshavewarmlywelcomedSparkyandhisglowingtalent,

whichshesaidwillbecomearegularholidaytradition.Thedisplayis

sponsoredbyalocalpowercompany,CacheValleyElectric.Itwillrununtil

Dec.31.

"Wethoughtwe'dputafestivetwistonitfortheholidays,whichhasbeen

ahugehitwithourmembersandvisitors,“Hydesaid.

NativetothewatersoftheAmazonandOrinocobasinsinSouthAmerica,

electriceelspossessorganswithnearly6,000specializedcells,or

electrolytesthatcanstoreasmuchasfivetimesthepoweronecangetfroma

USwallplug.

"Thisreallyhelpsgiveavisualideaofwhatananimalreallydoesona

dailybasisinareallycreativeway,"Hydesaid.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“twinkle"inParagraph1mean?

A.Paint.

B.Decorate.

C.Makesomethingshines.

D.Makesomethingstrong.

6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSparky?

A.ItworksintheLivingPlanetAquarium.

B.Itblinksatcertainratefromtimetotime.

C.Itisanelectriceelbelongingtoanaquarium.

D.Itisconnectedwithstainless-steelelectrodes.

7.AccordingtoHyde,whatcanbeinferredaboutthedisplay?

A.Itoperateseveryfestivaloftheyear.

B.Itgivesusabetterunderstandingofeels.

C.Ithaswonmuchprofitfortheaquarium.

D.Itismetwithsomeanimalactivist'scriticism.

8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.IntroductionoftheElectricEels

B.ANewFormofEnergyDeveloped

C.ElectricEelsDecorateChristmasTrees

D.ElectricEelsPowerChristmasTreeLights

閱讀七選五

Weareallcalledupontomakeapublicspeechatsomepointinlife,but

mostofusdon'tmakeitapleasantjob.

So,youhavetogiveaspeech—andyouaredeeplyterrified.Youget

nervousfromthebeginningofit,youstumble（結(jié)結(jié)巴巴）overwords,and

youboreyouraudience.Lateryouthink,"ThankGoodness,it'sover.I'm

justnotgoodatpublicspeaking.IhopeI'llneverhavetodothatagain."

Cheerup!Herearesomeeasy-to-dostepstotakethepainoutofspeech

making.First,askyourselfthepurposeofyourspeech.Thenspendplentyof

yourtimegatheringandorganizingyourmaterial.Useasmanyexamplesas

possible,andusepictures,charts,andgraphsiftheycanhelpyoumake

yourpointsmoreclearly.Don'ttalkovertheirheads,anddon'ttalkdownto

them.Treatyouraudiencewithrespect.Theywillappreciateyour

thoughtfulness.

Justremember：Bewellprepared.Understandyoursubject,your

audience,andtheoccasion.Bebrief.Andbeyourself.Letyourtrue

personalitycomethroughinorderthatyoumakeperson-to-personcontact

withyouraudience.

Ifyoufollowthesesimplebutusefulsteps,youwillseethatyoudon't

havetobeafraidofpublicspeeches.Asamatteroffact,youmayfindthe

experiencesoenjoyablethatyoureallywanttohavemoreofthem!You're

stillnotconvincedyet?Youwillgetimpressedbyyourself.

A.Neverforgetyouraudience.

B.Itdoesn'thavetobethatbad.

C.Giveitatryandseewhathappens.

D.Saywhatyouhavetosayandthenstop.

E.Don'tsaywhatyouaren'tfamiliarwith.

F.Takeseveraldeepbreathsbeforeyouspeak.

G.Thisarticlegivessomeadviceonhowtogiveagoodspeech.

1.2.3.4.5.

語(yǔ)法填空

Doyouenjoy_L(explore)thegreatoutdoors?Lately,rockclimbing

hasbecomeverypopular.Cliffecosystemsarehome_2_manylivingt