任務(wù)精讀：隧道溶洞（雙語(yǔ)）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)隧道溶洞TunnelConstructionTechnologyTunnelKarstCave

隧道溶洞目錄TableofContentsTunnelKarstCave溶洞的形成1FormationofKarstCaves溶洞的類(lèi)型及對(duì)施工的影響2TypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)3Technology

ofTreatmentofKarstCaveSectioninTunnelConstruction溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)4KeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection課程小結(jié)5Summary溶洞的形成FormationofKarstCaves01溶性巖層Solublerockstratum化學(xué)作用Chemicalaction機(jī)械破壞Mechanicaldamage溶蝕現(xiàn)象Dissolutionphenomenon隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveFormationofKarstCaves溶洞的形成溶洞是怎樣形成的Howthekarstcaveisformed地表水Surfacewater地下水Groundwater溶洞是以巖溶水的溶蝕作用為主,間有潛蝕和機(jī)械塌陷作用而造成的基本水平方向延伸的通道。

Dominatedbythedissolutionofkarstwater,thekarstcaveisapassagethatbasicallyextendshorizontallycausedbysubsurfaceerosionandmechanicalcollapse.隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveFormationofKarstCaves溶洞的形成

Whenthetunnelpassesthroughthesolublerockstratum,somekarstcavesarelocatedatthebottomofthetunnel,andthefillingsaresoftanddeep.溶洞的特點(diǎn)CharacteristicsofKarstCaves基底難處理Difficulttotreatthefoundationbase容易發(fā)生坍塌Pronetocollapse地表開(kāi)裂下層Surfacecrackingandsubsidence隧道穿過(guò)可溶性巖層時(shí)，有的溶洞位于隧道底部，充填物松軟且深。有的溶洞、暗河迂回交錯(cuò)，錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，范圍寬廣，處理起來(lái)十分困難。

Somekarstcavesandundergroundriversareinterlacedandcomplicatedwithawiderange,whichisverydifficulttodealwith.TypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction02溶洞的類(lèi)型及對(duì)施工的影響隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction溶洞的類(lèi)型及施工的影響“死”"Dead"是停止擴(kuò)大發(fā)育Referstothosefeaturingstoppingofexpansionanddevelopment“活”"Live"是還在擴(kuò)大發(fā)育的Referstothosethatarestillexpandinganddeveloping“干”"Dry"是沒(méi)有巖溶水的Referstothosewithoutkarstwater“濕”"Wet"“大”"Large"“小”"Small"溶洞的類(lèi)型Typesofkarstcaves1.隧道穿過(guò)可溶性巖層時(shí)，有的溶洞巖質(zhì)破碎，易發(fā)生坍塌。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction溶洞的類(lèi)型及施工的影響溶洞對(duì)隧道施工有哪些影響TypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction1.Whenthetunnelpassesthroughthesolublerockstratum,somekarstcavesarebrokenwiththerocksandarepronetocollapse.2.溶洞位于隧道底部，充填物松軟且深，使隧道基底難處理。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction溶洞的類(lèi)型及施工的影響2.Thekarstcaveislocatedatthebottomofthetunnelandthefillingsaresoftanddeep,whichmakesitdifficulttotreatthetunnelfoundationbase.溶洞對(duì)隧道施工有哪些影響TypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction3.遇飽含水分的充填物溶槽，坑道掘至其邊緣時(shí)，含水充填物會(huì)涌入坑道，難以遏止，甚至使地表開(kāi)裂下沉，山體壓力劇增。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction溶洞的類(lèi)型及施工的影響溶洞對(duì)隧道施工有哪些影響TypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction3.Whenthewater-erodedgroovewithwater-saturatedfillingsisencounteredandthegalleryisdugtoitsedge,thewater-bearingfillingswillpourintothegallery,whichisdifficulttostop.Anditcanevencausethesurfacetocrackandsubside,andthemountainpressurewillincreasesharply.

Surfacecrackingandsubsidence,andsharpincreaseofmountainpressure.4.當(dāng)遇到大的水囊或暗河，巖溶水或泥沙夾水大量涌入隧道。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction溶洞的類(lèi)型及施工的影響溶洞對(duì)隧道施工有哪些影響TypesofKarstCavesandtheImpactonConstruction4.Whenencounteringlargewaterpocketsorundergroundrivers,alargeamountofkarstwaterorsedimentmixedwithwaterflowsintothetunnel.Tunnelconstructiontreatmenttechnologyinkarstcavesection03溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)首先First

Thedistributionrangeandtypeofkarstcaves,theintegrityandstabilityofrockstratum,fillingsandgroundwaterconditionsshallbeascertained。

查明溶洞分布的范圍和類(lèi)型，巖層的完整穩(wěn)定程度、填充物和地下水情況。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTunnelconstructiontreatmenttechnologyinkarstcavesection溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTunnelconstructiontreatmenttechnologyinkarstcavesection溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)其次

Secondly隧道穿過(guò)巖溶區(qū)，可采用探孔或物探等方法探明地質(zhì)情況。巖溶地段要根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求進(jìn)行超前地質(zhì)預(yù)測(cè)、預(yù)報(bào)，采用地質(zhì)素描、地質(zhì)調(diào)查、地質(zhì)雷達(dá)、TSP長(zhǎng)距離超前地質(zhì)預(yù)報(bào)，超前鉆孔、紅外物探等手段。為制定施工方案提供依據(jù)，對(duì)可

能發(fā)生大規(guī)模的突水、突泥的地段施工，需要維系巖溶水通暢時(shí)，上報(bào)監(jiān)理和設(shè)計(jì)單位進(jìn)行變更，采取預(yù)注漿加固措施，預(yù)注漿加固前先采取引排措施，然后進(jìn)行注漿。

Whenthetunnelpassesthroughthekarstarea,thegeologicalconditionscanbeprovedbymeansofboreholeexplorationorgeophysicalprospecting.Forkarstsections,advancegeologicalpredictionandforecastshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothedesignrequirements.Geologicalsketch,geologicalsurvey,groundpenetratingradar,TSPlong-distanceadvancegeologicalforecast,advancedrilling,infraredgeophysicalprospectingandothermeansareadopted,whichcanprovidethebasisforformulatingtheconstructionscheme.Whenitisnecessarytomaintainsmoothnessofkarstwaterduringtheconstructionofsectionswherelarge-scalewaterinrushandmudburstmayoccur,reporttotheSupervisorandtheDesignerforchange.Pre-groutingreinforcementmeasuresshallbetaken,anddiversionanddrainagemeasuresshallbetakenbeforepre-groutingreinforcement.Thengroutingshallbecarriedout.“引”“Diversionanddrainage"“堵”“Blocking"“越”“Crossing"“繞”“Bypassing"巖溶地段隧道常用的方法Commonmethodsfortunnelsinkarstsections隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveTunnelconstructiontreatmenttechnologyinkarstcavesection溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)為了避免水通過(guò)隧道，在隧道底部施工暗管，把側(cè)向要通過(guò)隧道的巖溶水引排。“引”

“Diversion”

Inordertopreventwaterfrompassingthroughthetunnel,theundergroundpipeisconstructedatthebottomofthetunneltodivertanddrainthekarstwaterthatwillpassthroughthetunnellaterally.暗管、涵洞、小橋等設(shè)施Undergroundpipes,culverts,smallbridgesandotherfacilities巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)

對(duì)溶洞內(nèi)無(wú)補(bǔ)給源的靜水以排為主，靜水排干后進(jìn)行溶洞處理，對(duì)補(bǔ)給源廣，特別是與地表連通的巖溶水，仍以排為主，堵排結(jié)合，把溶洞水引入隧道排水溝。

Thestillwaterwithoutrechargesourceinthekarstcaveismostlydrained.Afterthestillwaterisdrained,thekarstcavetreatmentiscarriedout.Thekarstwaterwithwiderechargesources,especiallywhichconnectedtothesurface,ismostlydrainedwiththecombinationofblockinganddrainage.Thekarstcavewaterisintroducedintothetunneldrainageditch.“引”

“Diversion”巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)1.盡量不破壞、堵塞原有管道系統(tǒng)，保持原有巖溶管道系統(tǒng)排水通暢，不破壞原有巖溶地下水補(bǔ)給、徑流、排泄途徑。“引”

“Diversion”1.Theoriginalpipelinesystemshallnotbedamagedorblockedasfaraspossible,andthedrainageoftheoriginalkarstpipelinesystemshallbekeptunblocked.Therecharge,runoffanddischargeroutesoftheoriginalkarstgroundwatershallnotbedamaged.巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)2.當(dāng)隧道截?cái)嘣袔r溶管道系統(tǒng)時(shí)，無(wú)論開(kāi)挖時(shí)有無(wú)巖溶水，都應(yīng)盡量在隧道底部埋設(shè)管道或修筑涵洞，將截?cái)嗟膸r溶管道聯(lián)系起來(lái)?！耙?/p>

“Diversion”2.Whentheoriginalkarstpipelinesystemiscutoffbythetunnel．Pipesshallbeburiedorculvertsshallbeconstructedatthebottomofthetunnelwheneverpossible,regardlessofthepresenceofkarstwaterduringexcavation,soastoreconnectthekarstpipelinesthosehavebeencutoff.巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)3.當(dāng)隧道截?cái)嘣袔r溶管道系統(tǒng)且無(wú)法恢復(fù)時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行注漿堵水，減少地下水排放量，并預(yù)埋管道，將溶洞剩水接入中心排水溝?！耙?/p>

“Diversion”3.Whentheoriginalkarstpipelinesystemiscutoffbythetunnelandcannotberecovered,groutingshallbecarriedouttoblockwater,andthegroundwaterdischargeshallbereduced.Pipelinesshallbeburiedtoleadtheremainingwaterinthekarstcaveintothecentraldrainditch.巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)可根據(jù)其與隧道相交的位置及其充填情況，采用混凝土、漿砌片石或干砌片石予以回填封閉；或加深邊墻基礎(chǔ)，加固隧道底部?！岸隆薄癇locking”

accordingtotheintersectionpositionwiththetunnelanditsfillingsituation,theconcrete,mortarrubbleanddryrubblecanbeusedforbackfillingandsealing.Ordeepenthesidewallfoundationandreinforcethebottomofthetunnel.停止發(fā)育、跨徑較小、無(wú)水的溶洞Ｄeveloping,small-spanandwaterlesskarstcaves巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)可根據(jù)其與隧道相交的位置及其充填情況，采用混凝土、漿砌片石或干砌片石予以回填封閉；或加深邊墻基礎(chǔ)，加固隧道底部?！岸隆薄癇locking”

accordingtotheintersectionpositionwiththetunnelanditsfillingsituation,theconcrete,mortarrubbleanddryrubblecanbeusedforbackfillingandsealing.Ordeepenthesidewallfoundationandreinforcethebottomofthetunnel.采用漿砌片石和混凝土進(jìn)行填堵Themortarrubbleandconcreteshallbeadoptedforplugging巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)

對(duì)隧道側(cè)向及底部的溶洞進(jìn)行填堵，采用漿砌片石和混凝土?；蚣由钸厜A(chǔ)，加固隧道底部。隧道下穿大溶洞段施工時(shí)，為避免拱頂巖層掉塊，需加強(qiáng)超前支護(hù)，采用超前雙環(huán)注漿小導(dǎo)管，確保施工安全。隧道掘進(jìn)過(guò)程須控制爆破，避免因爆破震動(dòng)引發(fā)頂板巖層塌落?！岸隆薄癇locking”

Accordingtotheintersectionpositionwiththetunnelanditsfillingsituation,theconcrete,mortarrubbleanddryrubblecanbeusedforbackfillingandsealing.Ordeepenthesidewallfoundationandreinforcethebottomofthetunnel.Whenthetunnelunderpassesthelargekarstcavesectionforconstruction,theadvancesupportshallbestrengthenedinordertoavoidspallingofrockstratumofthecrown.theadvancedouble-loopgroutingsmallpipeisadoptedtoensureconstructionsafety.Blastingshallbecontrolledduringtunnelingtoavoidcollapseofroofrockstratumcausedbyblastingvibration.巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)

隧道底部遇有較大溶洞并有流水，不宜加深邊墻基礎(chǔ)時(shí)，可在邊墻部位或隧底以下架梁跨過(guò)?！霸健薄癈rossing”

Whenthereisalargekarstcaveandwaterflowatthebottom,andthesidewallfoundationisnotsuitablefordeepening,itispossibletoerectthebeamatthesidewallpositionorbelowthebottomofthetunneltocross.采用架梁跨越Crossingbymeansofbeamerection巖溶隧道技術(shù)溶洞地段隧道施工處理技術(shù)

在巖溶區(qū)施工，個(gè)別溶洞處理耗時(shí)且困難時(shí)，可采取迂回導(dǎo)坑繞過(guò)溶洞，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行隧道前方施工。“繞”“Bypassing”

Whenitistime-consuminganddifficulttotreatindividualkarstcavesduringconstructioninkarstareas,thetunnelconstructionaheadcanbecontinuedbybypassingthekarstcavewiththehelpofaroundaboutheading.可采取迂回導(dǎo)坑繞過(guò)溶洞，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行隧道前方施工。thetunnelconstructionaheadcanbecontinuedbybypassingthekarstcavewiththehelpofaroundaboutheading.KeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection04溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)1.當(dāng)施工達(dá)到溶洞邊緣時(shí)，各工序應(yīng)緊密銜接，支護(hù)和襯砌趕前。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveKeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)施工注意事項(xiàng)Constructionprecautions1.Whentheconstructionextendstotheedgeofthekarstcave,variousprocessesshallbecloselyconnected,andthesupportandliningshallbecarriedoutinadvance.2.施工中應(yīng)注意檢查溶洞頂部，及時(shí)處理危石；當(dāng)隧道一側(cè)遇到溶洞時(shí)，應(yīng)先開(kāi)挖該側(cè)，待支護(hù)開(kāi)挖完成后再開(kāi)挖另一側(cè)。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveKeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)施工注意事項(xiàng)Constructionprecautions2.Itisnecessarytostrengtheninspectionforthetopofthekarstcaveandhandledangerousstonestimely.

Whenthereisakarstcaveononesideofthetunnel,thissideshallbeexcavatedfirst,andtheothersideshallbeexcavatedafterthesupportexcavationiscompleted.3.在溶洞地段的爆破作業(yè)應(yīng)多打眼、打淺眼，并控制爆破藥量且減少對(duì)圍巖的擾動(dòng)。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveKeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)施工注意事項(xiàng)Constructionprecautions3.Inaddition,forblastingworksatkarstcavesections,itisnecessarytodrillmoreholes,drillshallowholes

,controltheblastingchargeandreducedisturbancetothesurroundingrock.4.在溶洞充填體中掘進(jìn)，如充填物松軟可用超前支護(hù)施工；如充填物為極松散的礫石、塊石堆積或流塑狀黏土及砂黏土等，可在開(kāi)挖前采用地表注漿、洞內(nèi)注漿或地表和洞內(nèi)注漿相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行加固。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveKeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)4.Inaddition,whentunnelinginthekarstcavefillmass,forexample,ifthefillingissoft,advancesupportshallbeusedforconstruction.Ifthefillingsareextremelyloosegravel,blockstoneaccumulationorflowplasticclayandsandyclay,etc.,reinforcementcanbecarriedoutbythesurfacegrouting,thegroutinginthetunneloracombinationofthesurfacegroutingandgroutinginthetunnelbeforeexcavation.施工注意事項(xiàng)Constructionprecautions5.處理完成后進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)處理效果和對(duì)隧道耐久性的影響，必要時(shí)再采取加強(qiáng)措施，確保不留隱患。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveKeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)施工注意事項(xiàng)ConstructionprecautionsAfterthetreatmentiscompleted,acomprehensiveevaluationshallbecarriedout，fortheimpactonthetreatmenteffectandtunneldurability.Strengthenmeasuresshallbetakenifnecessarytoensurethatnohiddendangersareleft.6.存在突泥、突水可能的地段，在施工前事先制定出超前探水與預(yù)注漿堵水方案，制定突發(fā)安全事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案，配備安全防護(hù)及安全逃逸設(shè)施，明確逃逸路線，進(jìn)行緊急逃生的培訓(xùn)與演練，施工中嚴(yán)格按照既定方案進(jìn)行實(shí)施。隧道暴雨后不施工、連續(xù)降雨后觀察施工。隧道溶洞TunnelKarstCaveKeyPointsofTunnelConstructioninKarstCaveSection溶洞地段隧道的施工要點(diǎn)施工注意事項(xiàng)Constructionprecautions6.Inthesectionswheremudburstandwaterinrushmayoccur,beforeconstruction,theadvancedwaterdetectionandpre-groutingwaterblockingschemeshallbeprepared,theemergencyplanforsuddensafetyincidentsshallbeformulated,thesafetyprotectionandsafeescapefacilitiesshallb