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德國國家計量院(FTB)熱水標(biāo)準裝置概述
峭National
primary
standard
for
volume
flowrates
ofwater.Flow-rate:
3
~
1000
m3/h.Temperatures:
3
~
90°CThe
maximum
Reynold"s
number
5.5x106.Two
independent
weighing
procedures,
to
obtainhighly-valuable
measurement
resultsExpanded
combined
uncertainty
of
0.04%.@及洛大孽概in述Testfacilityextendsover2floors.Twomeasuringsectionsof25mlength.Constantleveltankis11minheight.CollectiontankV=40m3.StoragetankV=65m3.Waterflowcanbesuppliedinfourdifferentoperationmodes四種工作模式
&玄MiFrequency
controlled
circulation
pumps
up
to
1000
m3/h.Constant
level
tank
for
flow
rates
up
to
80
m3/h,
for pulsation-free
water
flow
at
a
constant
static
pressure.Pressure-based“single”mode
for
flow
rates
up
to
200 m3/h.二一compWraetsesredofaitrheatstporreasgseurteasnkupistoex5p.e5lblaerd.pulsation-free
byPressure-based
“continuous”
mode
for
flow
rates
up
to 1000
m3/h
at
pressures
between
1.5
bar
and
5.5
bar.-
The
expelled
water
of
the
storage
tank
is
refilled
continuouslyusing
frequency
controlled
pumps
between
the
collection
and
thestorage
tank.其它特性
&夫MlWatertemperatureenteringmeasuringsectionsvaries lessthan100mKduring2hours.Additionallythedensityandtheconductivityofthewate ismeasured.PipediametersDN80toDN400一flandgoeusblmeiswmaaltlcphiopfe;lessmsootthhaend5i0nnpemr.surfaces;anda一fullTyhidsevaellopwesdtthuerwbautleerntflfolwowtoprfofrimlaen.undisturbed,Velocitydistributioncanbemeasuredvia windowchambersusingaLaser-Doppler-Velocimeter; measuringvolume<100pminmaximumdimension靜態(tài)稱重法Theweighingtank(V=20m3)mountedonfour weighingplatforms.Thebalancecanbecalibratedwithinlessthan60sec. byanautomatedloadingandunloadingprocedure.36massstandards(560kgeach)isusedtodetermine thecalibrationcurveofthebalanceForthestaticmeasurementthemassofthewaterinthe weighingtankisdeterminedwithin50grams.TheinletoftheweighingtankconsisWofasteelplate with250drainpipes,inordertoensurelowanddefined momentumtransferfromthewaterflowingintothe weighingtank.雙換向器結(jié)構(gòu)
&玄泰會Ontopoftheweighingtankaretwodivertersofdifferen sizes.ToavoidevaporationlossesduringthefillingtimeToallowthedeflectionoflargevolumeflowrateswitha minimumofmomentumtransferinshortesttimes.Theswitchingprocesstakesapproximately1second.Repeatabilityoftheswitchingprocessisbetterthan13ms.\/ \/Beforethefillingprocess,providingtheweighingtank withairofwelldefinedtemperatureandhumidity.Duringthefilling,humidityandtemperatureofexpelled airfromtheweighingtankiscontrolled.動態(tài)稱重法
&玄泰會Besides
static
weighing
procedure,
the
weighing
system can
be
used
in
a
dynamic
procedure.Diverter
is
avoided,
weight
of
chosen
mass
standards
is replaced
by
the
same
amount
of
water
during
the measuring
time.For
this
purpose
the
readout
frequency
of
the
weighing cells
is
increased
up
to
40
HeWhereas
each
readout
of
each
cell
is
time-stamped within
an
uncertainty/Of
less
than
0,7
ms.To
avoid
influences
from
thermally
driven
air
flow
in measurement
hall,
it
is
planned
to
build
up
a temperature
stabilized
containment
for
the
whole weighing
system.德國國家計量院(PTB).http://www.ptb.de/indexen.html PTBisthenationalmetrologyinstitute;highesttechnicalauthorityundertheFederalMinistryofEconomicsandStaffs:1800Structure:Ninescientificandtechnicaldivision^subdividedintomorethan100sectionsandprojectsAnnualbudget:130millionEuro.Taslks:Rjimilameinrtlalsoff ftoreconomy,metrologyforsociety,,imtanisiUimollafciiisHistorical:Foundedin1887PTB
DivisionsMechanics
and
AcousticsElectricityChemical
Physics
and
Explosion
ProtectionOpticsPrecision
Engineering9.Ionizing
RadiationTemperature
and
Synchrotron
Radiation/cs
an8.MedicalPhysi dMetrologicalIniationTechnologyScientific-technical:Cross-sectionalTasksDivision
1
and
division
7:1MechanicsandAcousticsDivision1.1Mass1.2SolidMechanics1.3Kinematics1.4GasFlow1.5LiquidFlow1.52:NationalStandardforLiquidFlowMeasurement1.6Sound1.7AppliedAcoustics7Temperature&SynchrotronRadiation7.1X-rayMetrologywithSynchrotronRadiation7.2RadiometrywithSynchrotronRadiation7.3DetectorradiometryandRadiationThermometry7.4Temperature7.5CryophysicsandVacuumphysic-7.6Heat/ \—WorkingGroup7.61:ThermalEnergyMeasurement—IB.TTechnisch-WissenschaftlicheInfrastrukturBerlinWorking
Group
7.61Conformity
assessments
of
EC
type
examination
and
certificates
for the
design
of
heat
meters
or
sub-assemblies
according
to
MID, module
B+F,
B+D,
H1Type
approval
for
cold
meters
or
sub-assemblies
according
to
TRK7.2Responsible
for
80%
of
approvals/conformity
assessments
for heat
meters
in
Europe.Plays
most
of
the
time
the
leading
role
in
all
relevant
national
and international
committees.Calibration
of
flow
rate
sensors
for
cold,
warm
and
hot
water
in
the temperature
range
3
QC
to
90
QC
for
flow
rates
between
6
l/h
and 1000
m3/h
with
water
as
heat-conveying
fluid7Electrical
calibration
of
calculators
for
heat、and
cold
meters bv
means
of
thermal
energy
simulation
in
the
range
between
1QC
and
200
QC,
flow
range
between
6
l/h
and
1000
m3/h
andtemperature
difference
range
between
3
K
and
200
K,
range
ofpower
from
13.6
W
up
to
236,000
KWWorking
Group
7.61占^夫泰會Advise
of
the
industry,
supervisory
calibration
authorities
andconsumers
onfundamentals
of
the
metrology
of
thermal
energy,
volume
and
flow
rate
of cold-,
warm
and
hot
waters
as
well
as
water
glycol
mixtures—
application
of
thermal
and
solar
energy
metrologyInspection
of
heat
cost
allocators
by
the
responsible
administrative
bodies
.metrological
inspections
of
testing
facilities
for
heat
meters
andsubassembli
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