2022-2023學(xué)年上海市虹口區(qū)復(fù)興某中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷（附答案詳解）

2022-2023學(xué)年上海市虹口區(qū)復(fù)興高級(jí)中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)

試卷

1.Hello,I'mEverythingOholic.

Haveyoualwaysblamedyourchocolatehabitandinabilitytostopsmokingonyour'addictive'

personality?Accordingtoscience,there'snosuchthing***

It'sawidely⑴(hold)beliefthatsomepeoplearejusthardwiredtobeaddicted.Butisthere

actuallyanyevidence(2)this?AccordingtoaddictionexpertProfRobertWest,thereisn't.However,

therearepersonalitycharacteristics,likeanxiety,depressionandimpulsecontrolproblems,that(3)

makeapersonmorevulnerable(易受傷害的)toaddiction.Hesaysthisisanimportantdistinction,

becausetheterm'addictivepersonality*impliesthatifapersonstopsoneadditivebehaviour,theyll

juststartanother,andthat'snotwhathappens.Ifapersonhasunderlyingriskfactorsforaddiction,

⑷it'srelatedtotheirmentalhealth,theirpersonality,orotherfactorssuchasafamilyhistory,then

stoppingonebehaviourwillnotthenmakethemimmune(免疫的)totheriskofother

addictions.Buttheywon'tbemoreatriskofanotheraddictionjust⑸theyovercameone.

Westpointstoresearch(6)investigatedtheimpactofstoppingsmokingonaperson'sdrinking

behaviour.Studieshavefoundthatwhenpeoplestopsmoking,theyalsoshowashort-termreduction

inalcoholconsumption,whichgraduallyreturnstothelevelitwasatbefore⑺(quit)

smoking.Butalcoholconsumptiondoesn'tincreaseaftertheystopsmoking,andthesameistrueof

smokingheavinesswhenpeoplegiveupalcohol.uIfanything,stopping(8)canbehelpfulinstopping

orreducingtheother,nsaysWest.Ofcourse,thereareexceptionsandstoriesofindividualswhohave

givenuponesubstanceorbehaviour,only⑼(have)anothertakeovertheirlives.Accordingto

West,whilethevulnerabilitiesarestillthere,there'snoevidencethatanaddictivepersonality(10)

(exist).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

2.A.literallyB.barrierC.eventuallyD.findE.examinesF.features

G.innovationsH.meanI.professionalJ.strikingK.well-positioned

TheBestCompanytoWorkForEveryyear,Fortunemagazinepublishedalistofthe'100Best

CompaniestoWorkFor*.Howdoesthemagazinechoosethecompanies?Firstly,itusesasurvey：

350employeesanswer57questionsabouttheircompany.Secondly，F(xiàn)ortunelooksatimportant(1)

ofcompanies：forexample,pay,benefits,andcommunicationbetweenworkersand

management.Finally,themagazine(2)theresultstofinditsTop100.

WegmansFoodMarkets,whichranksNo.1onthelist,hasamotto(座右銘)，'Employeesfirst,

customerssecond*,anditisalsooneofthe50largestprivatecompaniesintheUS,withannualsales

of$3.6billion,accordingtoForbesmagazine.Apparently,beinggoodtoyouremployeesisno(3)

tomakingmoney.

HowmuchofWegmans'successisduetothecompany'spolicies?'Uptoapoint,thesuccessis

becauseofthefreedomtheygiveus,'saysoneemployee.'Ontheotherhand,nocompanygetsrich

justbynotbeing(4)toitsemployees.Wegmanshasgreatmarketingstrategiesandit*s(5)

withinthecommunity.Fvebeenherefor15years.Lookingback,I'dsaythatthecompany's

(6)forcustomers,suchastheShoppers'Clubelectronicdiscountprogrammeinthe1990s,

havebeenjustasimportantasthebenefitstostaff.1

Buttheemployeebenefitsare(7).Fundamentally,Wegmansbelievesin(8)

development.Aswellasscholarships,thecompanygivesitsemployeesbusinessopportunities.For

years,oneemployeemadedeliciouscookiesforhercolleagues.(9),shestartedsellingthe

cookiesinWegmans.'Ijustaskedthemanager,*shesays.'Whilelookingback,Ithinkshouldhave

askedearlier.Icouldhavemademoremoney!'

Thestaffsfreedomtomakedecisionsisanotherthingyouwon't(10)

everywhere.Essentially,Wegmanswantsitsworkerstodoalmostanythingtopleasethe

customers.Believeitornot,anemployeeoncecookedaThanksgivingturkeyinthestorefora

customerbecausethewoman'sturkey,boughtinWegmans,wastoobigfbrheroven.

"Lookbothwaysbeforeyoucrossthestreet!Lookleft,rightandleftagain!"Theseclassicchildhood(3)

lessonsarepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Yettrafficaccidentsremainoneofthemostcommon

(4)ofinjuriesanddeathsforchildrenaroundtheworld.

Paststudieshavefoundthatyoungstersarelessgoodat(5)roadhazardsthanadults,butAnatMeir,a

lecturerinindustrialengineeringandmanagementatBen-GurionUniversityoftheNegeveandtheHolon

InstituteofTechnologyinIsrael,wantedtopinpointexactlywhichbehaviorsleadtoaccidents,withthe

goaloffindingwaysto(6)them.

Todothatwithoutputtinganyoneindanger,sheturnedtovirtualreality.In2013Meirandhercolleagues

simulated(模擬)18streetsinIsraelandusedaneye-trackingdevicetostudyhow46adultsandchildren

(ranginginagefromsevento13)evaluatedwhenitwassafetocross.Childrenagedseventonine,they

found,exhibitedtheleast(7)whencrossing,typicallydecidingtostepintothevirtualroadwithlittleor

nohesitation,evenwhentheirfieldofvisionwasrestricted.HWehadparentslookingonwhowerelike,

'Wow,Icannotbelievemychildjustcrossedthere!"*Meirsays."Itcausedthemto(8)theirchild*s

road-crossingabilities.1'Theolderchildrendidnotperformmuch(9),thoughfordifferentreasons.They

oftenstayedonthecurb(路緣)foranimproperamountoftime-a(n)(10)thattheyarelessableto

distinguishbetweensafeandhazardoussituationsthanadults一andininterviewsdidnotexpressan

understandingofhow(11)suchascarspeedandfieldofvisionaffectcrossingsafety.

(12)doseemtoimprovecrossingsuccess.InMeir'smostrecentstudy,describedinAccidentAnalysis&

Prevention,twodozenseven-tonine-year-oldsunderwent40minutesofhazard-detection

training.Afterward,Meirandhercolleagues"3)trainees*andcontrolkids*performancesinthevirtual

road-crossingtask.Thechildrenwho(14)safetyinstructionsweresignificantlybetteratcrossingthanthe

controlsubjects—tothepointthattheircrossingskillsweresimilartothoseofadults.

Next,Meirandpolicymakersaimtofigureouthowtotranslatethesefindingsintothe(15)world."These

resultsareimportantbecauseyoucannotfindsolutionswithouta(n)(16)oftheproblem,"saysJoseph

Kearney,aprofessorofcomputerscienceattheUniversityofIowa."Nowit'suptopeoplewiththeirfeet

onthegroundtodeterminehowtheycandevelop(17)programsforchildrenandforparentsaboutgood

road-crossinghabits."

3.A.safetyB.scienceC.visionD.education

4.A.sourcesB.categoriesC.levelsD.results

5.A.encounteringB.identifyingC.presentingD.recalling

6.A.performB.ignoreC.correctD.define

7.A.cautionB.interestC.emotionD.relief

8.A.recordB.recoverC.reinventD.reassess

9.A.worseB.belterC.morequicklyD.moreslowly

10.A.decisionB.indicationC.predictionD.instruction

11.A.examplesB.ideasC.factorsD.insights

12.A.MotivationsB.ObservationsC.ProhibitionsD.Interventions

13.A.combinedB.restrictedC.comparedD.separated

14.A.designedB.revealedC.emphasizedD.received

15.A.outsideB.oldC.realD.modern

16.A.featureB.tacklingC.intensityD.understanding

17.A.testingB.learningC.trainingD.planning

D

VisitorstoHENN-NA,arestaurantoutsideNagasaki,Japan,aregreetedbyanoddsight：theirfoodbeing

preparedbyarowofhumanoidrobotsthatlookliketheTerminator.H.LS.,thecompanythatrunsthe

restaurant,aswellasanearbyhotelwhererobotscheckguestsintotheirroomsandhelpwiththeirluggage,

turnedtoautomationpartlyoutofnecessity.Japanfspopulationisshrinking,anditseconomyisbooming；

theunemploymentrateisonly2.8percent."UsingrobotsmakesalotofsenseinacountrylikeJapan,”

saidCEOHideoSawada.

Sawadapredictsthat70percentofthejobsatJapan'shotelswillbeautomatedinthenextfiveyears."It

takesaboutayeartotwotogetyourmoneyback,“hesaid."Butsinceyoucanworkthem24hoursaday,

andtheydon*tneedvacation,eventuallyit*smorecost-efficienttousetherobot."

Thismayseemlikeavisionofthefuturebestsuited—perhapsonlysuited—toJapan.Butaccordingto

MichaelChui,apartnerattheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute,manytasksinthefood-serviceand

accommodationindustryareexactlythekindthatareeasilyautomated.Chui'slatestresearchestimatesthat

54percentofthetasksworkersperforminAmericanrestaurantsandhotelscouldbeautomatedusing

currentlyavailabletechnologies.

Therobots,infact,arealreadyhere.Chowbotics,acompanyinRedwoodCity,California,manufactures

Sally,aboxyrobotthatpreparessaladsorderedonatouchscreen.Botlr,arobotbutler,nowbringsguests

extratowelsandtoiletriesindozensofhotelsaroundthecountry.

Thisseemstobeworrying.America'seconomyisn'tdevelopingnearlyassmoothlyasJapan's,andoneof

thefewbrightspotsinrecentyearshasbeenemploymentinrestaurantsandhotels,whichhaveadded

morejobsthanalmostanyotherindustry.Thatgrowth,infact,hashelpeddulltheblowthatautomation

hasdeliveredtootherindustries.Thefood-serviceandaccommodationindustrynowemploys13.7million

American.Since2013,ithasaccountedformorejobsthanmanufacturing.

Thesenewpositionsonceseemedsafefromrobotsbecausetheyrequiredahumantouchinawaythat

manufacturingorminingjobsdidnot.Whenorderingacoffeeorcheckingintoahotel,humanbeingswant

tointeractwithotherhumanbeings——orsowethought.Thecompaniesbringingrobotsintotheservice

industryarebettingthatwellbehappytotradeourrelationshipwithroboticwaitersorclerksforgreater

efficiency.They'realsoconfidentthataddingrobotswon'tnecessarilymeancuttinghumanjobs.

18.Accordingtothewriter,whywasitpartlyoutofnecessitythatH.LS.turnedtoautomation?

A.It'shardtofindemployeesinJapan.

B.TheJapaneseareusedtousingrobots.

C.RobotictechnologyisadvancedinJapan.

D.Japan'seconomydevelopslessfastthanexpected.

19.AccordingtoMichaelChui,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Itisnoeasyjobtoautomatetasksinthehotelindustry.

B.Restaurantworkerscanbeeasilyreplacedbyrobots.

C.Technologiesneedupgradingtopavethewayforroboticwaiters.

D.Robotsnowperform54%ofthetasksinAmericanrestaurantsandhotels.

20.WhydoestheautomationinAmericanrestaurantsandhotelsseemworrying?

A.Themanufacturingindustryiswaitingtobeautomated.

B.America'seconomyisdevelopingatanunexpectedrate.

C.Automationhasalreadyhadanegativeeffectontheserviceindustry.

D.ThesetwoindustriescontributemuchtoAmerica'semploymentrate.

21.Itcanbeinferredthatcompaniesbringingrobotsintotheserviceindustrythinkthat.

A.thehumantouchmaynotmatterthatmuch

B.profitismoreimportantthancustomersatisfaction

C.manufacturingorminingjobsrequirehumaninteraction

D.robotswillrobhumansoftheirjobsatthecostofefficiency

E

ColleagueCouncilMeeting3rdOct20

Chairperson：JaneSimmons

MinutesSecretary：LizBateman

1Welcome

JaneSimmonswelcomedallcolleaguestothemeeting.SheexplainedtheaimoftheColleague

Council—issueswhichareofconcerntostaffmemberscanberaisedanddiscussedbythegroup,andthen

addressedtoPersonnelManager,PennyKaceinik,inthesecondhalfofthemeeting.Meetingswillbeheld

fourtimesayear.

MATTERSARISINGFROMTHEMINUTES

2LiftingofInternationalcallbarring

Thecouncilaskedifitwouldbepossibletohavethephonesystemchangedsothatinternationalcallscan

bemade.

AllphonesinSales&MarketingwillbemodifiedinNovembertoallowforinternationalcalls.Anyone

elsewhoneedstocalloverseasshouldcontactAsifDininIT.

3Recyclingofpaper

ThecouncilenquiredifthecorrectrouteforraisingrecyclingissueswasthroughJohnEvans,Office

ServicesManager.

Pennyagreedthatthiswasthecorrectroute.Shealsoaddedthatshewouldwelcomeeveryonelookingat

thepapertheyuseandcuttingdownifpossible.Individualsareremindedthattheycanalsomakea

differencebyturninglightsandmonitorsetc.off.

4Healthysnackoptionsinsnackmachines

Thecouncilrequestedthatahealthyrangeofsnacksbeavailablefromthesnackmachine.

Pennyremindedeveryonethatthecanteenoffershealthylunch-timeoptions.Shewilldiscussthecontents

ofthemachinewiththeleasers(租賃方)whentheleasecomesupforrenewalnextmonth.Feedbackto

begivenatJanmeeting.

5Removalofstudygrants

Thecouncilexpressedregretthatstudygrantsfornon-professionalcourseswerenolonger

available.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtotakelanguagecourses,forexample,givenourgrowing

internationalmarket.

PennyexplainedthatManagementfeltthismoneycouldbebetterusedonpayingforcourseswhichwould

leadtoprofessionalqualifications,suchasAccountancy,CreditControl.Shealsosuggestedthatin-house

languagecoursescouldbetaughtbymembersofstaff.

NextMeeting：WillbeJanuary,precisedatetobeconfirmed

Attendees：LouisaBarlow,GaryBrown,NatalieCole,OrlaDoyle,TariqAli,PennyKacelnik(Personnel

Officer)

22.Theword"Minutes”isclosestinmeaningto”

A.unexpectedemergenciesB.thedurationofameeting

C.writtenrecordsofameetingD.suggestionsfromemployees

23.WhatproposaldidtheColleagueCouncilputforward?

A.HoldingtheColleagueCouncilMeetingfourtimesayear.

B.Allowingtheemployeestomakeinternationalcalls.

C.Dealingwithdocumentsonthecomputerinsteadofonpaper.

D.Askingthecanteentoprovidemorehealthylunchoptions.

24.WhatsuggestiondidPennyKacelnikgivetothosewhowanttotakelanguagecourses?

A.Shiftingtoacourseleadingtoprofessionalqualifications.

B.ApplyingtothePersonnelOfficeforaspecialgrant.

C.Turningtoacolleaguewhospeaksthatlanguage.

D.Referringtothegrowinginternationalmarket.

Weareencounteringreal-worldexamplesofhowAIcanharmhumanrelations.Asdigitalassistantssuch

asAlexaorSiribecomepopular,wearebecomingaccustomedtotalkingtothemasthoughtheywere

alive；writinginthesepageslastyear,JudithShulevitzdescribedhowsomeofusarestartingtotreatthem

asfriendsandtherapists.ShulevitzherselfsayssheconfessesthingstoGoogleAssistantthatshewouldn't

tellherhusband.Ifwegrowmorecomfortabletalkingtoourdevicesaboutoursecrets,whathappenstoour

humanmarriagesandfriendships?Designersandprogrammerstypicallycreatedeviceswhoseresponses

makeusfeelbetter一butmaynothelpusbeself-reflectiveorthinkoverpainfultruths.AsAIgoesdeeper

intoourlives,wemustfacethepossibilitythatitwillpreventouremotionsanddeephumanconnects.

Besides,wewillfightwithsomeotherchallenges.Theageofdriverlesscars,afterall,isuponus.These

vehiclespromisetosubstantiallyreducetheexhaustionanddistractionthatputhumandriversindanger,

thuspreventingaccidents.Butwhatothereffectsmighttheyhaveonpeople?Drivingisaverymodern

kindofsocialinteraction,requiringhighlevelsofcooperation.Iworrythatdriverlesscars,bytakingaway

fromusanoccasiontoexercisethisability,couldcontributetoitsdecline.

Notonlywillthesevehiclesbeprogrammedtotakeoverdrivingdutiesandhencetoremovefromhumans

thepowertomakemoraljudgments(forexample,aboutwhichpedestriantohitwhenacrashis

inevitable),theywillalsoaffecthumanswithwhomthey'vehadnodirectcontact.Forinstance,drivers

whohavesteeredawhilealongsideanautonomousvehicletravelingatasteady,invariantspeedmight

drivelessattentively,thusincreasingtheirlikelihoodofaccidentsoncethey'vemovedtoapartofthe

highwayoccupiedonlybyhumandrivers.Alternatively,experiencemayrevealthatdrivingalongside

autonomousvehiclestravellinginperfectaccordancewithtrafficlawsactuallyimproveshuman

performance.

Eitherway,weshouldbecarefultolaunchnewformsofAIwithoutfirsttakingsuchsocialspillovers——or

externalities,asthey'reoftencalled—intoaccount.Wemustapplythesameeffortthatweapplytothe

hardwareandsoftwarethatmakeself-drivingcarspossibletomanagingAl'spotentialeffectsonthose

outsidethecar.Afterall,weinstallbrakelightsonthebackofyourcarnotjust,orevenprimarily,foryour

benefit,butforthesakeofthepeoplebehindyou.

25.Whatcanbeinferredabouthumanrelationshipsfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Wewillfeelcomfortablespeakingtoothersonline.

B.AIwillleadtoshallowinter-personalrelationships.

C.AIwillenablepeopletocommunicatemorewithothers.

D.Wewillbemoreself-reflectiveininteractionthankstoAI.

26.Inparagraph2,thephrase"itsdecline"referstothedeclinein.

A.drivers*interactionwiththecars

B.drivers'exhaustionanddistraction

C.ourabilitytocooperatewithotherswhiledriving

D.ourabilitytodealwithemergencieswhiledriving

27.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdriverlesscars?

A.Theymaybebetteratmakingmorejudgmentsthanhumandrivers.

B.Theyneedtovarytheirspeedtomakecontactwithhumandrivers.

C.Theymaymakehumandriversinothercarsdrivemoresafely.

D.Theyneedtoforcehumandriverstoconcentrateinthecar.

28.Whichofthefollowingisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Brakelightsonthebackofourcarareinstalledmainlytowarnusofdanger.

B.Weshouldfigureouthownewtechnologyaffectspeoplebeforedevelopingit.

C.Itishardtosaywhysocialspilloverswillworkintermsofself-drivingcars.

D.Moreeffortshouldbemadetoadvancethehardwareandsoftwareofdriverlesscars.

A.Artisanotherareawhereforgeryisdecreasingduetotheresultingprofits.

B.DNAcouldbeusedtoexposefraudintheartworld,too.

C.Ifthetechnologycontinuestoevolve,consumerscouldsomedaybringhandheldbarcoderstothetable.

D.Simpleconfusionmightexplainsomeofthedifferences,sincefishspeciescanbehardtotellapart.

E.TheDNAmoleculeiscapableofstoringvastamountsofdataandcansurviveforthousandsofyears.

F.Tosolvethisproblem,somescientistshavesuggestedattachingasmallplasticlabelfullofDNAto

worksofart.

AuthenticatingSushi???andPicassos

ArecentstudyoftheseafoodindustrybyOceana,aconservationgroup,foundthat,nationwide,grocery

storesmislabelednearlyone-fifthofallthefishtheysold.Sushirestaurantswereevenworse,servingafish

otherthanwhatwaspromisedonthemenuthree-quartersofthetime.⑴Butsomemerchantsseemedto

substitutecheapfishliketilapiaformoreexpensivefareonpurpose.

DNAbarcodingcanhelpuncoversuchpractices.Bytakingabitofmusclefromafishandsequencing（；則

定序歹U）theDNAinside,scientistscanquicklytellonespeciesfromanother.Bar-codingtechnologyis

accessibleenoughthathigh-schoolstudentshaveusedittoexposefraud（騙局）atrestaurants.（2）And

theycanseeforthemselveswhetherthey'rereallygettingthebluefintunatheyordered.

(3)Billionsofdollars'worthofartchangeshandseveryyear,andsomeexpertsestimatethat40percentof

itisfake.Professionalauthenticationcanhelp,butrecentstoriesinvolvingworkssaidtohavebeenpainted

byJacksonPollock,AmedeoModigliani,andothershaveshownthataskillfulforger(制作J篋品者)

canfooleventhemostrespectedexperts.(4)Ratherthanusingtheartist'sownDNA-whichathiefcould

liftfromclothes,rubbish,orhairs-theselabelswouldcontainDNAfromanothercreature,withpieces

ofsyntheticDNAwovenin.Toauthenticatethepiece,scientistswouldtakeDNAfromthelabel,sequence

thesynthetichits,andconsultadatabase.Onlyifthesequencematchedthedatabaserecordwouldthe

piecebepronouncedgenuine.

29.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

30.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

31.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

32.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

33.Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaand

themainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ABriefHistoryofSilkComfortabletowearwhethertheweatherishotorcold,silkisaspopular

todayasitwas-5,000yearsagowhenitwasfirstmanufactured.However,thehistoryofsilkhasnot

alwaysbeenassmoothasthefabric(織物)itself.

Today'sbasicsilk-productionprocesshaschangedverylittlesinceitfirstbegan.Thefabriccomes

fromsilkwormswhich,althoughtinywhenborn,growrapidlyinsize.Indeed,onastrictdietof

mulberryleaves,itisestimatedthattheyincreaseinweightby10,000%overthefirstsixweeksof

theirlife.Whentheyarefullygrown,thesilkwormscreateacocoon-aprotectiveshellmadeof

silk.Theythencrawlinsideinordertopreparefortheirnextstageofdevelopment.However,for

commercialsilkproduction,thesecocoonsarethenboiled,killingtheworminside,toensurethat

thesilkisnotdamaged.Afterthis,thesilkisgatheredandprepared.Asinglecocooncanproduce

between300and900metresofsilkthread.

Althoughtodaysilkisbothgrownandwornworldwide,theoriginalproductionofsilkwasrestricted

toChina.Likewise,inthesixthcentury,twomonksmanagedtotakesomeeggsallthewaybackto

theirnativeByzantium(modern-dayIstanbul,inTurkey).Thiswasaneventofgreatimportance,

sinceEuropewasformthatpointabletomanufactureitsownsilk.

Beforethemonks'successinbringingthesilkwormsoutofChina,Europeansweredependenton

merchantsbringingthefabricfromEastAsiaacrossthemountainroadsofCentralAsiaandthe

MiddleEast.Indeed,somuchsilkwastransportedthatthistraderoutebecameknownasSilkRoad.

Althoughman-madefibres(纖維)arecheaperandeasiertomanufacture,thebeautyofsilkis

difficulttomatch,andthereisalwayslikelytobealargeinternationalmarket.

34.你不該把你的未來(lái)寄托在任何一個(gè)人的承諾上。(base)

35.切莫歧視殘疾人，否則你將受到法律懲處(subject)。

36.雖然現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人會(huì)使用電腦來(lái)輸入文字，但我希望手寫(xiě)永遠(yuǎn)能有其一席之地。

(although)

37.閱讀能激發(fā)孩子們的想象力、創(chuàng)造力，還能幫助他們認(rèn)識(shí)世界，形成對(duì)于人生、對(duì)于未來(lái)

的基本態(tài)度。(notonly)

38.Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven

belowinChinese.

假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李明，最近英國(guó)朋友Bill發(fā)來(lái)郵件，說(shuō)想學(xué)中文，有兩種課程二

選一，請(qǐng)你推薦一個(gè)。內(nèi)容包括：1.你的推薦；

2.通過(guò)比較說(shuō)明理由。

課程：1聽(tīng)說(shuō)課程；2故事讀寫(xiě)。

教授內(nèi)容：日常會(huì)話。

課時(shí)：周~"，周四晚上7：30-8：30,共8周。

授課方式：全中文教授內(nèi)容故事閱讀及寫(xiě)作。

課時(shí)：每周五7：30-8：30,共16周。

授課方式：中英文。

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小題1】held

【小題2]for

【小題3】can

【小題4]and

【小題5】because

【小題6】which/that

【小題7】quitting

【小題8]one

【小題9】tohave

【小題10]exists

【解析】(1)考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，有些人天生就上癮。分析句子可知，空格處

應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。被修飾名詞belief與動(dòng)詞hold是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。故填heldo

(2)考查介詞。句意：但事實(shí)上有證據(jù)證明這一點(diǎn)嗎？分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入介詞。evidence

常與介詞for搭配。故填for。

(3)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，有些性格特征，如焦慮、抑郁和沖動(dòng)控制問(wèn)題，會(huì)使人更容易

上癮。根據(jù)空格后的動(dòng)詞原形make可知，空格處應(yīng)填入情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由句意可知，此處指“可能會(huì)”，

故用can。故填can。

(4)考查連詞。句意：如果一個(gè)人有成癮的潛在危險(xiǎn)因素，并且與他們的心理健康、性格或其他

因素(如家族史)有關(guān)，那么停止一種行為并不能使他們免受其他成癮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析句子可知，

空格處應(yīng)填入連詞。由句意可知，此處是并列關(guān)系，故用and。

(5)考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：但是，他們不會(huì)因?yàn)榭朔艘环N癮就更容易再次上癮。分析句子可知，

空格處應(yīng)填入從屬連詞。由句意可知，此處是因果關(guān)系，故用because引導(dǎo)。故填because。

(6)考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：韋斯特指出，一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了戒煙對(duì)一個(gè)人飲酒行為的影響。分析句

子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞是research,指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故

用which/lhat。故填which/that?

(7)考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們停止吸煙時(shí)，他們的飲酒量也會(huì)短期減少，并逐漸恢

復(fù)到戒煙前的水平。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)名詞。是介詞，后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。beforedoing

sth.意為"在做某事之前"。故填quitting?

（8）考查代詞。句意：韋斯特說(shuō)："如果有什么不同的話，停止一個(gè)可以有助于停止或減少另一

個(gè)?！狈治鼍渥涌芍?，空格處應(yīng)填入代詞one作賓語(yǔ)，和后面的theother相對(duì)應(yīng)。故填one。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：當(dāng)然，也有一些例外和故事，一些人放棄了一種物質(zhì)或行為，只是

為了讓另一種物質(zhì)接管他們的生活。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。0nlytodo是固定

結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料之外的結(jié)果。故填tohave。

（10）考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：根據(jù)韋斯特的說(shuō)法，盡管脆弱性仍然存在，但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明上癮

的人格存在。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文判斷，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

主語(yǔ)是anaddictivepersonality,單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。故填exists。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人們普遍認(rèn)為，有些人天生就上癮。但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明這一點(diǎn)。

語(yǔ)法填空是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力，在解題前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，在

讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境去逐句分析。要解決好語(yǔ)法填空，離不開(kāi)堅(jiān)

實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，有了堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)才能對(duì)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行正確的分析和判斷，從而答對(duì)題目。

2.【答案】F

【解析】（1）考查名詞。句意：其次，《財(cái)富》雜志關(guān)注公司的重要特征：例如，薪酬、福利以

及員工和管理層之間的溝通。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指"特征

",features是名詞"特征"。故選F。

（2）考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：最后，該雜志對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行檢查，以找到其前100名。分析句子可知，

空格處應(yīng)填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上句Fortunelooksatimportant（1）ofcompanies可知，此處應(yīng)用一

般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。根據(jù)句意，examines是動(dòng)詞"檢查”。

故選Eo

（3）考查名詞。句意：顯然，對(duì)員工好并不是賺錢(qián)的障礙。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞作

表語(yǔ)。barrier是名詞"障礙"，符合句意。故選B。

（4）考查形容詞。句意：另一方面，沒(méi)有一家公司僅僅通過(guò)對(duì)員工不吝嗇而致富。分析句子可知，

空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作表語(yǔ)。mean是形容詞"吝嗇的"。bemeantosb.固定短語(yǔ)，意為"對(duì)某人吝嗇

"?故選H。

（5）考查形容詞。句意：Wegmans有很好的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略，并且在社區(qū)中定位良好。分析句子可知，

空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作表語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指”定位良好的"，well-positionedo是形容詞”定位良

好的”。故選K。

(6)考查名詞。句意：回過(guò)頭來(lái)看，我想說(shuō)，該公司為客戶所做的創(chuàng)新，