英語國家概況試題庫

英語國家概況試題庫

I.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(10%)

1.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStateswasframedinPhiladelphiain_________.

A.1776B.1783C.1787D.1620

2.IntheUnitedStates,theDepartmentof______advisesthePresidentonforeignrelations.

A.DefenseB.StateC.CommerceD.Labor

3.RepresentativesintheUnitesStatesareelected_________.

A.annuallyB.everytwoyearsC.everythreeyearsD.everyfouryears

4.Whichofthefollowinghasthepowertomakefederallawsandlevyfederaltaxes?

A.TheexecutiveB.ThelegislativeC.ThejudicialD.Thepresident

5.TheNewDealwasstartedby________.

A.FranklinD.RooseveltB.J.F.Kennedy

C.GeorgeWashingtonD.ThomasJefferson

6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTregardedasoneofthethreebasicreligiousbeliefs?

A.ProtestantismB.CatholicismC.IslamD.Judaism

7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapowerofthePresidentintheU.S.?

A.TovetothebillspassedbytheCongress

B.Toappointfederaljudgeswhenvacanciesoccur

C.ToproposelegislationtotheCongress

D.Tomakelaws

8.ThefirstCatholicPresidentintheU.S.was_______.

A.JohnF.KennedyB.GeorgeWashington

C.AbrahamLincolnD.GeorgeW.Bush

9.Duetohisfirmbeliefinnon-violentpeacefulprotestinthespiritofIndia’sleaderGandhi,_______wasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

A.MalcolmXB.JohnF.Kennedy

C.MartinLutherKing,Jr.D.JamesFarmer

10.In1972,U.S.President_____madeatriptoChinatoimproverelationswiththePeople’sRepublicofChina.

A.CarterB.TrumanC.BushD.Nixon

11.________weretheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.

A.TheAnglo-SaxonsB.TheNormans

C.TheDanishVikingsD.TheRomans

12.________isthesmallestofthefourpartsofGreatBritain.

A.EnglandB.WalesC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland

13.AllofthefollowingaremajornationalpartiesinGreatBritainexcept________.

A.theConservativePartyB.theLabourParty

C.theLiberalDemocratsD.theRepublicanParty

14.InBritain,a“voteofnoconfidence”isdecidedby_________.

A.theHouseofCommonsB.theHouseofLords

C.thetwomajorpartiesD.thePrimeMinister

15.InBritain,thegreatmajorityofparentssendtheirchildrento___________.

A.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.publicschools

16.Throughtheexaminationcalled“the11plus”,studentswithacademicpotentialgoto_____.

A.grammarschoolsB.comprehensiveschools

C.publicschoolsD.technicalschools

17.WhichofthefollowingisnotinvolvedinmakingtheforeignpolicyinBritain?

A.TheQueen

B.TheForeignandCommonwealthOffice

C.ThePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet

D.TheMinistryofDefenceandtheTreasury

18.WhichgroupofpeopleCANNOTvoteinthegeneralelection?

A.MembersintheHouseofCommonsB.LordsintheHouseofLords

C.TheUKcitizensabovetheageof18D.TheUKresidentcitizensoftheIrishRepublic

19.Halloweeniscelebratedon__________.

A.October31stB.November5thC.March17thD.December25th

20.AllofthefollowingwasinventedinBritainexcept________.

A.footballB.tennisC.basketballD.cricket

II.Defineterms

1.BillofRightsintheUnitedStates

13.Grammarschools

[ItisatypeofsecondaryschoolsinBritain.Grammarschoolsselectchildrenattheageof11throughanexaminationcalled“11plus”.Thosechildrenwiththehighestmarksgotogrammarschools,whichlayemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensiveschoolsandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities.]

14.Puritanism

[PuritanswerethosewhofollowedthedoctrineofJohnCalvinandwantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.TheybelievethathumanbeingsarepredestinedbyGodbeforetheyareborn.SomeareGod’schosenpeoplewhileothersaredamnedtohell.Neitherchurchnorgoodworkcansavepeople.ThesignofbeingGod’selectissuccessinhisworkorprosperityinhiscalling.TheyalsoarguethateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGod’swillandestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshaveproducedagreatimpactuponAmericanculture.]

15.NewDeal

[TheNewDealreferstothedomesticreformprogramoftheadministrationofFranklinD.Roosevelt.Itisgenerallyconsideredtoconsistoftwophases.Inthefirstphase(1933—1934),attemptsweremadetoproviderecoveryandrelieffromtheGreatDepressionthroughprogramsofagriculturalandbusinessregulation,inflationandpricestabilization.Inthesecondphase(1935—1941),socialandeconomiclegislationwasprovidedtobenefitthemassofworkingpeople.]

III.Answerquestionsbriefly.

1.WhatarethefourbasicrequirementsforsecondaryschoolstudentswhowanttoapplyforarespecteduniversityintheUnitedStates?

[FourrequirementsforuniversityapplicantsintheUnitedStates:highschoolrecords;recommendationsfromhighschoolteachers;impressionduringinterviewsbytheuniversity;scoresontheScholasticAptitudeTests.]

2.Describebrieflythethree-tierednationalcourtsystemoftheU.S.

[Americafederalcourtsystemconsistsofthreelevels:theSupremeCourt,federalcourtofappeal,andfederaldistrictcourt.]

3.DescribethefourcategoriesofinstitutionswhichcomprisethesystemofhighereducationintheUnitedStates.

[Americanhighereducationsystemiscomposedoffourcategories:theuniversitywhichcanconferbachelor’s,master’sanddoctoraldegrees;thefour-yearundergraduateinstitutions;thetechnicaltraininginstitution;andthetwo-yearcollegeorcommunitycollege.]

4.ListtherolesofthemonarchyinBritaintoday.

[Theroleofthemonarchtodayisprimarilyasymboloftraditionandtheunityofthestate.Besides,sheislegallytheheadoftheexecutive,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderinchiefofthearmedforces,andsupremegovernoroftheChurchofEngland.ShealsoactsasadvisorofthePrimeMinister.]

5.WhatfactorsplayanimportantroleinthecontemporaryforeignpolicyofUK?

[Answer:ContemporaryforeignpolicyofUKisinfluencedmainlybythreefactors:itsimperialhistory,itsgeopoliticaltraits,anditsspecialrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates.]

6.ItissaidthatBritishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasions.Whatarethemajorinvasions?

[ThemajorinvasionsinthehistoryofBritainincludetheRomaninvasionin43A.D.,theinvasionbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,theinvasionbytheVikingsfromScandinavia,andtheNormanConquest.]

7.Illustratetheprincipleofchecksandbalanceswithexamples.

[Itisaprincipleofgovernmentunderwhichseparatebranchesareempoweredtopreventactionsbyotherbranchesandareinducedtosharepower.Exampleofchecksandbalances:thepresidenthasthepowertovetobillsandsuggestbills;thejudgesareappointedbythepresident;theCongresscanimpeachthepresident;theSupremeCourthasthepowertodecidewhetheralawordirectiveisconstitutional(judicialreview).]

8.WhatarethemajorfunctionsofBritishParliament?

[ThefunctionsofBritishParliamentare:topasslaws;tovotefortaxation;toscrutinizegovernmentpolicy,administrationandexpenditure;andtodebatethemajorissuesoftheday.]

9.WhatwerethemajorideasintheDeclarationofIndependence?

[Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtosomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowerofgovernmentcamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentwastosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.]

10.WhatarethepowersoftheUSpresident?

[ThepresidentcanproposelegislationtoCongress.HecanvetoanybillpassedbyCongress.Butthevetocanbeoverriddenbyatwo-thirdsvoteinbothhouses.Thepresidentcanappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur.Heisthecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforces.Hehasotherbroadauthoritiesinrunningdepartmentsandhandlingforeignrelations.]

11.WhatarethetwomajorconcernsofmanyAmericansabouttheirpoliticalsystem?Why?

[Oneconcernisaboutthehighcostofcampaigningforpublicoffice,whichmayforcecandidatestospendmoretimeraisingmoneythandealingwithimportantissues.Theotherconcernisabouttheinfluenceoftheorganizedinterestgroups,whichprovidemostofthemoneyforpoliticalcampaignsandthuspressurizethegovernmentofficialstomakepoliciesintheirfavor.]

12.WhatarethemajorfeaturesofAmericanreligion?

[Americanreligionischaracterizedbythreemajorfeatur