牛津高中英語M7語法助動詞教案

第8講:助動詞

學(xué)生姓名年級高二授課教師王老師備課時間

教學(xué)

助動詞

目標(biāo)

重、難

考點

教學(xué)內(nèi)容

重點單詞記憶第1加

聊嚼咽

基礎(chǔ)狂記

助動詞

協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞（AuxiliaryVerb\被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞（MainVerb\

助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。如：Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜歡英語。

（doesift是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義）

助動詞的主要作用a.表示時態(tài)。如：Heissinging.他在唱歌。

Hehasgotmarried.他已結(jié)婚。

b.表示語態(tài)。如：HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英國。

c.構(gòu)成疑問句。如：D。youlikecollegelife?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？

DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎？

d.與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句。如：Idon'tlikehim.我不喜歡他。

e.加強語氣。如：Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定來參加晚會。

Hedidknowthat.他的確知道那件事。

最常用的助動詞有：

be,have,do,shall,will,should,wouldo

助動詞be的用法：l)be+現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)。如:Theyarehavingameeting.他們正在開會。

Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英語現(xiàn)在越來越重要。

2)be+過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.窗戶是湯姆打碎的。

Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.世界各地都教英語。

3)be+動詞不定式，可表示下列內(nèi)容：a.表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。如：

HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.他下周要去紐約。

Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.我們要教新生。

b.表示命令。如：Youaretoexplainthis.對此你要做出解釋。

c.征求意見。如:HowamItoanswerhim?我該怎樣答復(fù)他？

d.表示相約、商定。如:Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我們明天早

晨7點在校門口集合。

助動詞have的用法:l)have+過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)。如：HehasleftforLondon.他已去了倫敦。

Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。

2)have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進行時。如:IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.

我一直在學(xué)英語，已達十年之久。

3)have+been+過去分詞,構(gòu)成完成式被動語態(tài)。如：EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformany

years.中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。

助動詞do的用法:1)構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：D。youwanttopasstheCET?你想通過大學(xué)英語測試嗎？

2)do+not構(gòu)成否定句。如:Hedoesn'tliketostudy.他不想學(xué)習(xí)。

Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.過去，好多學(xué)生不知道英語的重要

性。

3）構(gòu)成否定祈使句。如：Don'tbesoabsent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。

說明：構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

4）放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。如:Docometomybirthdayparty.一定來參加我的生日宴會。

Ididgothere.我確實去那兒了。

5）用于倒裝句，例如：NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.我從未聽說過這樣的事情。

OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.

只有在開始大學(xué)生活時我們才認(rèn)識到英語的重要性。

6）用作代動詞，例如：一DoyoulikeBeijing?你喜歡北京嗎？一Yes,Ido.是的，喜歡。

（do用作代動詞，代替likeBeijing.）

Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?他知道如何開車，對吧?

助動詞shall和will的用法:shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時，例如：

IshallstudyharderatEnglish.我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。

HewillgotoShanghai.他要去上海。

助動詞should,would的用法：

1）should無詞義，是shall的過去式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱。如：

ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。

比較:"WhatshallIdonextweek?"!asked."我下周干什么？"我問道。（可以說，shall變成間接引語時，

變成了should,,）

2）would也無詞義，是will的過去式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱。如：

Hesaidhewouldcome.他說他要來。

比較:"Iwillgo,"hesaid.他說：“我要去那兒.”

變成間接引語就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原來的will變成would,go變成了come。

短語助動詞

由一個助動詞和另一個或兩個詞組組成。

如:have(got)to,hadbetter,wouldsooner/rather(...than),beto,belikelyto,besupposedto,

oughtto,usedto,beaboutto,beableto,etc.

have(got)to表示“得做某事”，或提出建議，其否定形式nothaveto意為“不必”。

wouldrather/sooner(…than)的意思是“寧愿”。

beto表示未來的打算和安排，或用于正式的指示和命令。belikely的意思是某事有可能發(fā)生活可能是真的。

besupposedto用來表示"被期望"或"應(yīng)該"。其否定形式benotsupposedto用來表示"不允許”。

usedto表示“過去一直"或"過去經(jīng)常工

一.單項選擇

1.Jack'sillfsotheychangetheirplans.

A.mustB.shouldC.havegottoD.oughtto

2.Ifitisfinetomorrow,weafootballmatch.

A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas

3.Inthepast30yearsChinagreatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialist

construction.

A?hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade

4.1gotobeduntilIfinishedmywork.

A.don't/hadB.didn't/haveGdidnrt/hadD.don't/have

5.Nosoonerhearrivedhomethanhetostartonanotherjourney.

A.has/wasaskedB.have/wereaskedC.had/isaskedD.had/wasasked

6."yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.

A.ShouldB.CanC.MightD.May

7.Hewasagoodrunnersoheescapefromthepolice.

A.mightB.succeededtoC.wouldD.wasableto

練習(xí)狂練

醐嘲+牖

好4

二.完型填空

ThisstorytookplaceinIsrael.

Onedaywhensomegovernmentofficialswererebuildingabam,theyfoundamoosehole

andusedsmoketo16themiceout.Latertheyindeedsawmicerunningout,oneafter

another.

Then,thinkingallthemicehadescaped,theofficialsstartedtoVJ_up.Theysawtwomice

squeezing（擠）outofthehole.The18thingwasthattheydidnot19immediately.Instead,one

chasedaftertheothernearthe20ofthehole.Itseemedthatonewastryingtobitethe21

oftheother.

Everyone22closertotakealook.Theyrealizedthatoneofthemicewas23and

theotherwastryingtoallowtheonethatcouldnotseetobiteonhistailsohecouldhelphimescape.

24whathappened,everyonewas25andlostinthought.

OneRomeofficialsaid："Therelationshipbetweenthosetwomicemustbe26ofemperorandminister."The

othersagreed.

AnIsraelisaid："IthinktherelationshipbetweenthemwashusbandandWife."Againtheothersallfeltitmade

27

AChinese,whowasaccustomedtothefirmtraditionof28toparents,said："Theyaremotherandson."The

othersthoughtforawhileandfeltthiswasmore29.Sotheyapprovedonceagain.

Atthatmoment,one30child,whowasrestinghischininhispalms,31lookedatotherpeople,asking：aWhy

didthosetwomicehavetohaveacertain32?”

Theatmosphere33.TheRomeofficial,theIsraeliandtheChinese,allloweredtheirheads34,anddidnot

daretorespond.

Infact,thetrueloveisnot35onbenefit,friendshipandloyaltyorbloodrelationship.Instead,itisbasedonno

relationship.

16.A.persuadeB.makeC.forceD.help

17.A.cleanB.turnC.takeD.pick

18.A.strangeB.normalC.funnyD.interesting

19.A.takeawayB.giveawayC.walkawayD.runaway

20.A.entranceB.exitC.pathD.passage

21.A.earB.hindlegC.furD.tail

22.A.steppedB.crawledC.climbedD.crowded

23.A.deafB.blindC.disabledD.mute

24.A.WitnessingB.LookingC.UnderstandingD.Concerning

25.A.surprisingB.indifferentC.puzzledD.speechless

26.A.thisB.itC.thatD.one

27.A.adifferenceB.senseC.astoryD.peace

28.A.loyaltyB.truthC.honestyD.closeness

29.A.visibleB.sensibleC.reasonableD.explainable

30.A.simple-mindedB.warm-heartedC.bard-handedD.pure-minded

31.A.surprisinglyB.confusedlyC.eagerlyD.hurriedly

32.A.relationshipB?friendshipC.citizenshipD.membership

33.A.stoppedB.heatedC.frozeD.condensed

34.A.indespairB.inshockC.insurpriseD.inshame

35.A.establishedB.builtC.madeD.existed

16—20CAADB21—25DABAD26—30CBACD31—35BACDA

三.閱讀理解

Hereareafewtipswe'veputtogethertohelpyoulearnEnglishwell.

Speak,speaksspeak!

Practisespeakingasoftenasyoncan—evenspeakingtoyourselfisgoodpractice.Tryrecordingyourselfwhenever

youcan.Compareyourpronunciationwiththemasterversion,seehowyoucandobetterandhaveanothergo.Ifyondo

thisseveraltimes,youwillfindthateachversionisbetterthanthelast.

Whynotlearnwithsomeoneelse?

Ithelpsifyoucanlearnwithsomeoneelse.Ifyoncanpersuadeafriendorfamilymembertostudywithyon,itwill

makeyoukeepworking.Agreetimestomeetandsetgoalsfortheweek,andtesteachotherregularly.

Don'tgetstuckbyawordyoudon'tknow

Practiseimprovising(即興的)waysofgettingyourmeaningacrosswhenspeakingspontaneously(本能地)，evenif

yondon'tknowtheexactwordsorphrases.Thinkofthingsyonmightwanttosaywheneveryonhavesparetime.Abasic

exampleistheriseoftenses.Ifyoudon'tknowthepasttensebutwanttotalkaboutyesterday,usetheverbinthepresent

tenseandusethewordfof'yesterday^.Usefacialexpression,handmovements,anythingtogetyourmeaningacross.

Languagelearningisalsoaboutintuition(直覺)

Guessworkisanimportantstrategyinlearninganewlanguage.Whenlisteningtorecordedmaterial,yonaren't

expectedtounderstandeverythingfirsttimeround.Ifyouplaythesamepieceseveraltimes,youwillmostprobably

understandsomethingneweachtime.Learntomakemaximumuseofallthecluesyoncanpickup.Forexample,whatdo

thespeakerssoundlike?Happy?Angry?Calm?etc.

Buildupyourvocabulary

Awidevocabularyisthekeytosuccessfullanguagelearningbutdon'ttrytolearntoomachatonce.Ifsbestto

studyfrequently,forshortperiodsoftime.Takeamaximumofsixorsevenitemsofvocabularyandlearnthem.Put

themintosentencestofixtheminyourmind,thencomebacktothemlater.Muchofthevocabularyinthecourseis

presentedbytopic.

Andabovealbhavefun!

()36.Whyshouldonehavehimselfrecordedwhenpractisingspeaking?

A.ToencourageotherstostartB.Torecordhisownprogress.

C.Toimprovehisspeaking.D.Tocomparehimselfwithothers.

()37.WhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantinlearningEnglish?

A.Speaking.B.Pleasure.C.Intuition.D.Vocabulary.

()38.ltisimpliedinthepassagethatishelpfulwhenyouarelearningEnglish.

A.bodylanguageB.agoodmemory

C.agoodfriendD.aproperdictionary

()39.Whichofthefollowingproverbs(諺語)seemsnottobealwaystrueinlearningalanguage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.

C.Romeisnotbuiltinaday.D.Don'trunbeforeyoucanwalk.

IntroductoryChemistrywastaughtatDukeUniversityformanyyearsbyprofessorBonk.Oneyear,twoguystook

theclassanddidprettywellonallthequizzesandmid-terms.TheyeachhadasolidA.Thesetwofriendswereso

confidentingoingintothefinalthattheweekendbeforefinalsweek,despitetheChemistryfinalbeingonMonday,they

decidedtogototheUniversityofVirginiatopartywithsomefriends.

Theyhadagreattimethere.However,withtheirhangovers（宿醉）andtiredness,theyoversleptalldaySundayand

didn'tmakeitbacktoDukeuntilearlyMondaymorning.Ratherthantakingthefinalthen,theyfoundprofessorBonk

afterthefinalandexplainedtohimhowtheymissedthefinal.TheytoldhimtheywentuptotheUniversityofVirginia

fortheweekendandhadplannedtocomebackintimetostudy,buttheyhadaflattireonthewaybackanddidn'thavea

spare.Sotheywerelategettingbacktocampus.

Bonkthoughtthisoverandagreedthattheycouldtakethefinalthefollowingday.Thetwoguys,happyand

relieved,studiedthatnightandwentinthenextdayatthetimethatBonkhadtoldthem.Heplacedtheminseparate

roomsandhandedeachofthematestbooklet.Hetoldthemtobegin.

Theylookedatthefirstproblemwhichwassomethingsimpleaboutsolution（溶糖軍）.Itwasworth5points.^^Cool,^^

theythought,tcthisisgoingtobeaneasyfinaF,.Theythenturnedthepage.Theywereunprepared,however,forwhat

theysawonit.Thequestioncontainedonlytwowords:（95points）Whichtire?

40.ThetwoguysdecidedtogototheUniversityofVirginiabecause.

A.theywereafraidofthefinalB.therewasapartythere

C.thefinalwouldbeheldthereD.theythoughttheycouldpassthefinaleasily

41.Fromthepassageweknow.

A.thetwoguyscamebacktocampuslateonpurpose

B.Bonkwasn'tstrictwiththetwoguys

C.repairingtheflattiretookthetwoguysalotoftime

D.Bonkdidn'tbelievethetwoguys'explanation

42.Afterthefinal,they.

A.maymakeanapologytoprofessorBonkB.musthavethesamescores

C.wouldn'tbeconfidentintheirChemistryD.wouldfeelhappyandrelieved

43.Fromthepassagewecangetalessonthat.

A.hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothingB.heiswisethatishonest

C.oneneverlosesanythingbypolitenessD.thinktwicebeforeyoudo

Ifyouwishtobecomeabetterreader,herearefourimportantpointstorememberaboutrate,orspeed,ofreading:

1.Knowingwhyyouarereading-whatyouarereadingtofindout-willoftenhelpyoutoknowwhethertoread

rapidlyorslowly.

2.Somethingsshouldbereadslowlythroughout.Examplesaredirectionsformakingordoingsomething,

arithmeticproblems,scienceandhistorybooks,whicharefullofimportantinformation.Youmustreadsuchthings

slowlytoremembereachimportantstepandunderstandeachimportantidea.

3.Somethingsshouldbereadrapidlythroughout.Examplesaresimplestoriesmeantforenjoyment,news,and

lettersfromfriends,items,orbitsofnewsfromlocal,orhometown,paper,tellingwhatishappeningtofriendsand

neighbors.

4.Insomeofyourreadings,youmustchangeyourspeedfromfasttoslowtofast,asyougoalong.Youneedto

readcertainpagesrapidlyandthenslowdownanddomorecarefulreadingswhenyoucometoimportantideaswhich

mustberemembered.

()44.Accordingtothepassage,yourreadingspeeddependson.

A.whetherthereadingmaterialiseasyordifficult

B.whatyouarereading

C.whatyourpurposeinreadingsomethingis

D.bothBandC

()45.Ifonewantstoberelaxedbyreading,oneshouldtakeup.

A.astorybookB.abookonscienceandtechnology

C.news,lettersfromfriendsD.somematerialfullofinformation

()46.Whichofthefollowingreadingsshouldyoureadslowlyandcarefully?

A.Fairytales.B.Aesop?sFables.

C.DirectionsforuseofamachineD.Aneveningpaper.

()47.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpressthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howtodecideyourreadingspeed.

B.Howtoraiseyourreadingspeed.

C.Howtoimproveyourreadingskills.

D.Howtochooseyourreadingmaterials.

Ajoblessmanappliedforthepositionof“officeboy^^atMicrosoft.TheHRmanagerinterviewedhimandthenwatched

himcleaningthefloorasatest.

“Youareemployed,hesaid."Givemeyoure-mailaddressandI'llsendyoutheapplicationtofillin,aswellasdate

whenyoumaystart.”

Themanreplied,t4ButIdon'thaveacomputer,neitherane-mail.”

"I'msorry,“saidtheHRmanager."Ifyoudon'thaveane-mail,thatmeansyoudonotexist.Andwhoeverdoesn't

existcannothavethejob.”

Themanleftwithnohopeatall.Hedidn'tknowwhattodo,withonlytendollarsinhispocket.Hethendecidedto

gotothesupermarketandbuy10kgtomatoes.Hethensoldthetomatoesfromdoortodoor.Inlessthantwohours,he

succeededtodoublehiscapital.Herepeatedtheoperationthreetimes,andreturnedhomehappilywith60dollars.

Themanrealizedthathecansurviveinthisway,andstartedtogoeverydayearlier,andreturnlate.Thus,hismoney

doubledortripledeveryday.Shortly,heboughtacart,thenatruck,andthenhehadhisownfleetofdelivery

vehicles.Fiveyearslater,