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TRENDSBioenergyinEuropeCHAPTER

01OverviewBioenergycapacityworldwidefrom2009to2023(inmegawatts)Globalcapacityofbioenergypower2009-2023160,000150,261145,896139,511140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000133,200125,244118,608111,410105,67596,84290,84384,87977,19871,74565,62662,1192009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220233Description:In2023,theglobalcapacityofbioenergyreachednearly150.3gigawatts.Bioenergyisenergyderivedfrombiologicalmaterialswhicharecharacterizedasorganicmaterialswithstoredchemicalenergylikewoodandmanure.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2009to2023Source(s):IRENAProductionofbioenergyworldwidefrom2009to2021(interawatthours)Globalbioenergyproduction2009-20217006146005004003002001000572557.1526.6504488.7460.9436.8405.6372.2335.9317.1277.720092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020214Description:Bioenergyproductionworldwidereachedsome614terawatthoursin2021.Thiswasthelargestamountproducedsince2009,andanincreaseofsomesevenpercentfromthepreviousyear.Bioenergyisarenewablesourceofenergyderivedfromorganicandbiologicalmaterials,anditiswidelyusedaroundtheworld.Bioenergyisdividedintraditionalsources,whichreferstothecombustionofbiomassintheformsofwoodoranimalwaste,andmodernsources,whichincludesthe[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2009to2021Source(s):IRENALeadingcountriesinbioenergycapacityworldwidein2023Globalbioenergycapacity2023,bycountry35,00031,25530,00025,00020,00017,59715,00010,0005,000010,99010,752India9,9507,4776,384Japan4,7054,5073,434ItalyChinaBrazilUnitedStatesGermanyUnitedKingdomThailandSweden5Description:In2023,Chinawasthecountrywiththehighestbioenergycapacityintheworld,withnearly31.3gigawatts.Brazilrankedsecond,withabioenergycapacityof17.6gigawatts.Bycomparison,Germanyrankedfifth,withacapacityamountingtonearlytengigawatts.Bioenergyisenergyderivedfrombiologicalmaterialswhicharecharacterizedasorganicmaterialswithstoredchemicalenergylikewoodandmanure.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):IRENACHAPTER

02BioenergyBioenergycapacityinEuropefrom2010to2023(inmegawatts)BioenergycapacityinEurope2010-202345,00042,81842,43641,86141,59741,34840,01440,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000037,17035,73034,72533,29731,47330,06628,54425,343201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220237Description:In2023,bioenergycapacityinEuropereachedaround42.8gigawatts,anincreasecomparedtothepreviousyear,whereinthevaluewasaround42.2gigawattsandthehighestrecordedbioenergycapacitywithintheperiodofconsideration.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2010to2023Source(s):IRENARenewableelectricitymixintheEuropeanUnionfrom2013to2022,byenergysource(interawatthours)RenewableenergymixintheEuropeanUnion2013-2022WindpowerHydraulicpowerBiomassSolarpowerGeothermalOceanenergies1,2001,00080060040020002013201420152016201720182019*2020202120228Description:Since2017,windpowerstandsasthemainrenewablesourceintheEuropeanUnion'selectricitymix.In2022,electricityfromwindpoweraccountedfor38.9percentoftheEU'srenewablemix.HydropowerwasthemajorrenewablesourceintheEU'selectricitymixintheprioryears.Bycomparison,oceanandgeothermalpowerweretherenewablesourceswiththelowestelectricitygenerationintheregionin2022,with0.5and6.4terawatthours,respectively.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2013to2022;*Figuresfor2019onwardsdonotincludetheUnitedKingdom.Thestatisticwasassembledusingseveraleditionsofthereport.

ReadmoreSource(s):EurObserv'ERShareofrenewableelectricitygenerationsourcesintheEuropeanUnionfrom2013to2022RenewableenergygenerationsourcesharesintheEuropeanUnion2013-2022OceanenergiesGeothermalSolarpowerBiomassWindpowerHydraulicpower50%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%43.2%41.7%28.1%38.9%25.5%37.2%30.8%37.5%32.7%37.5%32.7%36.5%36.8%35.9%33.3%35.7%32.2%32.3%31.8%22.7%18.4%19.4%15.6%19%19%19%18.6%10.9%18%16.4%12.6%16.2%15.4%15.2%13.7%12.3%12.2%11.5%11.6%10%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.6%0.7%0.6%0.05%0.6%0.05%0.6%0.05%0.05%0.05%20140.1%0.1%0.1%0%0.1%0%-5%201320152016201720182019*2020202120229Description:HydropowerhasbeenthemajorrenewablesourceintheelectricitygenerationmixwithintheEuropeanUnionuntil2016.Windpowerwasthesecondmajorrenewablesourceamongthoseyears,withsharesincreasingovertheyears.In2017,windpowersurpassedhydropoweranditreachedashareofalmost40percentofthemixin2022,whilehydraulicpoweraccountedforroughly25percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2013to2022;*Figuresfor2019onwardsdonotincludetheUnitedKingdom.Maynotsumupto100duetorounding.Thestatisticwasassembledusingseveraleditionsofthereport.

ReadmoreSource(s):EurObserv'ERCHAPTER

03BiomassAnnualprimaryenergyproductionfromsolidbiomassintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from2000to2022(inmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent)SolidbiomassprimaryenergyproductionintheEuropeanUnion2000-20221201008060402002000

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2022*11Description:TheEuropeanUnion'sprimaryenergyproductionfromsolidbiomasswasestimatedataround98millionmetrictonsofoilequivalentin2022,adecreaseofnearlythreepercentincomparisontothepreviousyear.?Inlandconsumptionamountedtoaround100.27millionmetrictonsofoilequivalentthatsameyear.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2000to2022;Excludingcharcoal;*Estimates.Figureshavebeenrounded.Thisstatisticwasassembledusingseveraleditionsofthereport.

ReadmoreSource(s):EurObserv'ERLeadingproducersofprimaryenergyfromsolidbiomassintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2022(inmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent)SolidbiomassprimaryenergyproductionintheEuropeanUnion2022,bycountryProductioninmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent0246810121416GermanyFranceSwedenPolandFinlandItaly14.3810.1210.088.688.467.11Spain5.34.94AustriaCzechiaRomaniaPortugalLatvia3.733.472.972.52Hungary2.0712Description:GermanyistheleadingproducerofprimaryenergyfromsolidbiomassacrosstheEuropeanUnion.Productionvolumesinthecountryreachedanestimated14.38millionmetrictonsofoilequivalentin2022,whichwasoverfourmillionmetrictonsmorethanFrance,rankedsecond.TotalprimaryenergyproductionfromsolidbiomassinthewholeEuropeanUnionsurpassed100.2millionmetrictonsthatsameyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2022;ExcludingcharcoalSource(s):EurObserv'ERAnnualinlandconsumptionofenergyfromsolidbiomassintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)from2000to2022(inmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent)InlandconsumptionofsolidbiomassenergyintheEuropeanUnion2000-20221201008060402002000

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2022*13Description:TheEuropeanUnion'sinlandconsumptionofenergysourcedfromsolidbiomass-suchaswoodorgarbage-reachedanestimated100.27millionmetricmetrictonsofoilequivalentin2022.Germanywasthe?leadingconsumerofsolidbiomassthatyearfollowedbyFrance.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2000to2022;Excludingcharcoal;*Estimates.Figureshavebeenrounded.Thisstatisticwasassembledusingseveraleditionsofthereport.

ReadmoreSource(s):EurObserv'ERLeadingconsumersofenergyfromsolidbiomassintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2022(inmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent)InlandconsumptionofsolidbiomassenergyintheEuropeanUnion2022,bycountryConsumptioninmillionmetrictonsofoilequivalent0246810121416GermanyFranceSwedenPolandFinlandItaly14.5510.2710.058.748.78.25Spain5.3Austria4.83CzechiaRomaniaDenmarkPortugalNetherlands3.513.423.132.82.4814Description:GermanyistheleadingconsumerofenergysourcedfromsolidbiomassintheEuropeanUnion.In2022,inlandconsumptioninGermanywasestimatedatover14.5millionmetrictonsofoilequivalent.Francerankedsecondthatyear,whereasislandnationssuchasCyprusandMaltarecordedtheleastconsumptionofthisenergysource.TotalinlandconsumptioninthewholeoftheEuropeanUnionreached100.27millionmetrictonsofoilequivalentin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2022;ExcludingcharcoalSource(s):EurObserv'ERGrossinlandconsumptionofsolidbiomassperinhabitantintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2022,bycountry(inmetrictonsofoilequivalent)SolidbiomassconsumptionperinhabitantintheEuropeanUnion2022,bycountryConsumptionperinhabitantinmetrictonsofoilequivalent0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.8FinlandSwedenEstonia1.570.960.860.82LatviaAustria0.540.53DenmarkLithuaniaCroatia0.460.360.33CzechiaSlovakiaPortugalLuxembourgSlovenia0.280.270.260.2515Description:FinlandhasthehighestpercapitaconsumptionofsolidbiomassenergyamongstEuropeanUnioncountries.In2022,around1.57metrictonsofoilequivalentwereconsumedperinhabitantintheNordiccountry.Meanwhile,Germany'spercapitaconsumptionofsolidbiomassenergyamountedto0.18metrictonsofoilequivalentthatyear,despitebeingtheleadingconsumeroftotalsolidbiomassenergyintheEU.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2022;Excludingcharcoal.Source(s):EurObserv'ERCHAPTER

04BiogasPrimaryenergyproductionfrombiogasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)from2013to2022(inmetrickilotonsofoilequivalent)EnergyproductionfrombiogasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)2013-202218,00016,81116,83916,74115,88415,71215,59516,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000014,98214,68714,14713,9472013201420152016201720182019*20202021202217Description:In2022,theEuropeanUnion'sprimaryenergyproductionfrombiogasamountedto16millionmetrictonsofoilequivalent.Intheperiodofconsideration,figuresoscillated,peakingat16,839metrickilotonsofoilequivalentin2018.ThecountrywiththelargestbiogasenergyproductionwasGermany.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2023;*Figuresfor2019onwardsexcludetheUnitedKingdomSource(s):EurObserv'ERGrossheatproductionfrombiogasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)from2013to2022(inmetrickilotonsofoilequivalent)GrossheatproductionfrombiogasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)2013-20221,2001,0001,008.1958.2869.4859.98006004002000757.2695.9643.8607572.4464.6201320142015201620172018201920202021202218Description:GrossheatproductionfrombiogaspresentedatrendofcontinuousgrowthintheEuropeanUnion,peakingatsome1,008kilotonsofoilequivalentin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2022Source(s):EurObserv'ERPrimaryenergyproductionfromlandfillgasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)from2013to2023(inmetrickilotonsofoilequivalent)EnergyproductionfromlandfillgasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)2013-20233,0002,8202,7402,7462,6802,5962,4292,5002,0001,5001,0005001,5041,1591,1631,16802013201420152016201720182019*20202021202219Description:In2022,theEU-27hadaprimaryenergyproductionof1,168metrickilotonsofoilequivalentfromlandfillgas.FigurespresentedatrendofcontinuousdeclineovertheyearsintheEuropeanUnion.Between2013and2022,figuresdecreasedbyover1,600metrickilotonsofoilequivalent.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2023;*Figuresfrom2019onwardsexcludetheUnitedKingdomSource(s):EurObserv'ERPrimaryenergyproductionfromanaerobicfermentationbiogasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)from2013to2022(inmetrickilotonsofoilequivalent)EnergyproductionfromanaerobicfermentationbiogasintheEuropeanUnion2013-202214,00013,23713,10712,61412,57412,53312,22611,68012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000011,37910,7559,741201320142015201620172018201920202021202220Description:In2022,primaryenergyproductionfromanaerobicfermentationbiogasintheEuropeanUnionamountedto13,237kilotonsofoilequivalent.Intheperiodofconsideration,figurespresentedatrendofgrowthdespitesomeoscillation,peakingat12,614metrickilotonsofoilequivalentin2017.EnergyproductionfromanaerobicfermentationfrombiogasesinGermanywasthelargestamongtheEUmembers.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2021Source(s):EurObserv'ERPrimaryenergyproductionfromsewagesludgegasintheEuropeanUnion(EU)from2013to2022(inmetrickilotonsofoilequivalent)EnergyproductionfromsewagesludgegasintheEuropeanUnion2013-20221,6001,5091,4691,4121,3861,3671,3691,4001,2001,00080060040020001,1861,1881,1961,129201320142015201620172018201920202021202221Description:In2022,primaryenergyproductionfromsewagesludgegasintheEuropeanUnionamountedto1,196kilotonsofoilequivalent.Intheperiodofconsideration,figurespresentedatrendofgrowthdespitesomeoscillation,peakingat1,509kilotonsofoilequivalentin2018.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2022Source(s):EurObserv'ERCHAPTER

05BiofuelBiofuelproductionintheEuropeanUnionfrom2000to2022(in1,000barrelsofoilequivalentperday)BiofuelproductionintheEU2000-20223002502001501005002000

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202223Description:TheEuropeanUnion'sbiofuelproductionamountedtosome228thousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperdayin2022,adecreaseofaround2.1percentincomparisontothepreviousyear.However,figuresincreasedby300thousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperdaybetween2020and2021,peakingat244thousandbarrelsofoilequivalentdailyin2019.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2000to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGBiofuelproductioninEuropein2022,bycountry(in1,000barrelsofoilequivalentperday)BiofuelproductioninEurope2022,bycountryProductioninthousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday010203040506070GermanyNetherlandsFrance623935Spain31Poland20Italy19UnitedKingdomSweden1110BelgiumFinland97Austria66Portugal24Description:In2022,theproductionofbiofuelsinEuropewashighestinGermany,at62thousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday.Incomparison,Franceproducedaround39thousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday.Germanyhasaround3.2percentshareofglobalbiofuelproduction.TheoverallproductionofbiofuelsintheEUhasincreaseddramaticallysincetheturnofthecentury,reaching236thousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperdayin2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGDistributionofrenewableenergyusedfortransportationintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2022,byfueltypeShareofbiofuelconsumptionintheEU-27fortransportation2022,byfueltypeBiogas2.7%Renewableelectricity11.0%Biogasoline16.9%Biodiesel68.9%25Description:Biodieselwasbyfarthemostconsumedrenewableenergytypeinthe27EuropeanUnionmembers,withashareof68.7percent.Biogasolineaccountedfornearly17percentandbiogasaccountedfornearlythreepercent.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2022;provisionalfiguresSource(s):EurObserv'ERConsumptionofbiofuelsfortransportationintheEuropeanUnionfrom2015to2022,byfueltype(inmetrictonsofoilequivalent)BiofuelsconsumptionfortransportationintheEuropeanUnion2015-2022Biodiesel*Bioethanol**Biogasfuel20,000,00018,000,00016,000,00014,000,00012,000,00010,000,0008,000,0006,000,0004,000,0002,000,0000201520162017201820192020*2021*202226Description:Between2015and2021,thetotalbiodieselconsumptionintheEuropeanUnionincreasedbysome2.3millionmetrictons.In2021,thetotalEUbiofuelconsumptionreached17millionmetrictons,ofwhichroughly13.6millionmetrictonsofoilequivalentwerebiodiesel,makingthemthemostconsumedbiofuelinEurope.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2015to2022;*Figureshavebeenrestated**From2021onwardsbiogasolinefigures.ThesourcenotesthatvegetableoilisincludedinthebiodieselconsumptionforGermany.Figuresfor2020excludestheUnitedKingdom.In2018,[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EurObserv'ERCHAPTER

06EconomicdataTurnoverofthesolidbiomassindustryintheEuropeanUnionfrom2013to2022(inmillioneuros)TurnoverofthebiomassindustryintheEuropeanUnion2013-202245,00040,00038,45036,49536,16035,07034,55035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000032,69031,94031,83031,03029,7502013201420152016201720182019*20202021202228Description:RevenuefromthesolidbiomassindustryintheEuropeanUnionamountedto38.45billioneurosin2022,upfrom29.75billioninthepreviousyear.Intheperiodofconsideration,figurespeakedin2021.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2022;*Figuresfor2019onwardsdonotincludetheUnitedKingdomSource(s):EurObserv'ERTurnoverofthebiogasindustryintheEuropeanUnionfrom2013to2022(inmillioneuros)TurnoverofthebiogasindustryintheEuropeanUnion2013-202210,0008,6509,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00007,6407,5207,1457,0105,9755,9005,7505,7905,5302013201420152016201720182019*20202021202229Description:In2022,thebiogasindustryintheEuropeanUniongeneratedaturnoverof5.79billioneuros.Intheperiodofconsideration,figuresoscillated,peakingat8.65billioneurosin2015.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2022;*Figuresfrom2019onwardsexcludetheUnitedKingdomSource(s):EurObserv'ERTurnoverofthebiofuelsindustryintheEuropeanUnionfrom2013to2022(inmillioneuros)TurnoverofthebiofuelsindustryintheEuropeanUnion2013-202216,00014,40013,81014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000013,27013,29013,11012,22012,05012,07011,71011,7202013201420152016201720182019*20202021202230Description:RevenuefromthebiofuelsindustryintheEuropeanUnionamountedto12.2billioneurosin2022.Intheperiodofconsideration,figurespresentedatrendofgrowthdespitesomefluctuation,peakingat14.4billioneurosin2018.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2022;figuresfor2019onwardsdonotincludetheUnitedKingdomSource(s):EurObserv'ERNumberofdirectandindirectjobsgeneratedinthebiomassindustryintheEuropeanUnionfrom2013to2022Employmentinthesolidbi