202x版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the s

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理│考點分層突破│單元能力提升Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars基礎(chǔ)自主梳理│考點分層突破│當(dāng)堂跟蹤檢測【單詞回顧】分類識記拓展運用一、基礎(chǔ)識記詞匯Ⅰ.填一填(基礎(chǔ)會書寫)1.

n.

學(xué)說;理論

2.

pron.&n.&adj.<英>萬億;<美>十億

3.

n.

大氣層;氣氛

4.

adv.

因此;于是

5.

v.阻止;制止

6.

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力

7.

n.

制度;體系

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理thusbilliontheorypreventatmospherepullsystemⅡ.填一填(閱讀識其義)1.fundamentaladj.

2.chainn.

3.multiplyvi.&vt.

4.oxygenn.

5.carbonn.

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理氧鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈基本的;基礎(chǔ)的碳乘;增加Ⅲ.用一用(語境推意)1.[2018·全國卷Ⅱ]Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.

2.[2017·北京卷]However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo))nuclearchainreaction.

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理二氧化碳連鎖,一系列二、核心拓展詞匯Ⅰ.填一填(掌握書寫)1.

vi.

存在;生存→

n.存在;生存;生活(方式)

2.

adj.有害的→

n.害處vt.對……有害

3.

vt.&vi.使……迷惑n.難題;謎→

adj.迷惑不解的

4.

n.球體;地球儀→

adj.全世界的;全球性的

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理harmfulexistenceexistharmpuzzlepuzzledglobeglobal5.

adj.猛烈的→

n.暴力→

adv.猛烈地

6.

prep.不像;和……不同→

(反義詞)prep.→

v.&n.不喜歡

7.

n.物理學(xué)家→

adj.物理學(xué)的→

n.物理,物理學(xué)

8.

n.質(zhì)量;團;塊;大量→

(pl.)群眾

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理likeviolenceviolentviolentlydislikeunlikephysicistphysicalphysicsmassmassesⅡ.用一用(境中提升)1.Notlongagoa

(violence)earthquakeoccurredoffthecoastofIndonesia.

2.[2017·北京卷]Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsown

________________(exist).

3.Themotherpattedherchild

(gentle)ontheback,tryingtocalmhimdown.

4.Playingputergamesforalongtimeisvery

(harm)toourhealth.

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理existenceviolentgentlyharmful5.

(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhoetoworkbycar,Iusuallyetoworkbybus.

6.Weliveina

(globe)village,butthisdoesn'tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.

7.Hisanswertothequestionsounds

andweareall

alot.(puzzle)

8.Hespentthewholeafternoon

(pull)weedsinthegarden.

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理globalUnlikepuzzledpuzzlingpulling【記一記】——詞不離群基礎(chǔ)自主梳理1.“看,觀察”動詞家族①look(at)強調(diào)看的動作②see強調(diào)看到的結(jié)果③watch觀看(精力集中)

④witness親眼看見,目擊⑤observe仔細(xì)觀察⑥glare(at)生氣地看⑦glance(at)瞥一眼⑧stare(at)凝視2.“推,拉”家族①pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力②drawvt.&vi.拖,拉③dragvt.&n.拖,拉,拽④pushv.&n.

推,推動(力)基礎(chǔ)自主梳理3.“碰、撞”家族①hitv.碰撞,打擊②crashv.碰撞;墜落③bumpn.&v.

撞;碰撞(聲)

④collidev.碰撞;相撞⑤collisionn.撞擊;碰撞⑥r(nóng)uninto撞上⑦knockinto撞上⑧knocktogether相撞【短語掃描】歸納積累一網(wǎng)打盡Ⅰ.填一填(掌握書寫)動詞+介/副詞1.cheer

感到高興;感到振奮

2.prevent…

阻止;制止

3.block

擋住(光線)

4.break

突發(fā);爆發(fā)

5.watch

for密切注意;當(dāng)心;提防

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理

fromupoutoutout介詞+名詞6.

time及時;終于7.

one'sturn輪到某人

動詞+名詞(+介詞)8.givebirth

產(chǎn)生;分娩

9.lay

下蛋

10.getthehang

熟悉;掌握;理解

其他11.now

既然

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理eggsinintoofthatⅡ.用一用(境中提升)選用以上短語填空1.Afiercefight

betweenthetwobrothersjustbecauseofasmallthing.

2.PleasetellmewhenMrSmithisarrivingatthetrainstationsothatIcanpickhimup

.

3.Thewall

allthelight.Itshouldbepulleddown.

4.

sharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordinglywhiledriving.

基礎(chǔ)自主梳理blocksoutbrokeoutintimeWatchoutfor【記一記】——詞不離群基礎(chǔ)自主梳理1.表達(dá)“小心;當(dāng)心”的高頻短語薈萃①watchout(for)小心;當(dāng)心②lookout當(dāng)心③takecare小心④becareful小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多種表達(dá)(1)阻止某人做某事①preventsbfromdoingsth

②stopsbfromdoingsth

③keepsbfromdoingsth基礎(chǔ)自主梳理(2)禁止某人做某事①prohibitsbfromdoingsth

②bansbfromdoingsth

③forbidsbfromdoingsth背句型(課本這樣講)記公式(公式這樣記)仿句子(高考這樣考)1.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried

ontheearthandfellover.

但當(dāng)我盡量向前邁步的時候,我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn),步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了?！啊稊?shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as…1.杰茜卡付出的是三倍于以前的時間和精力,所以我相信她這次會成功。Jessicadevoted______________

_______________________________shedidbefore,soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.基礎(chǔ)自主梳理【句式再現(xiàn)】攻克句型對接高考twiceasfarasthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyas基礎(chǔ)自主梳理背句型(課本這樣講)記公式(公式這樣記)仿句子(高考這樣考)2.Thisproducedachainreaction,__________________________________forlifetodevelop.

這引起了連鎖反應(yīng),為生命的發(fā)展提供了可能。“makeit+adj./n.(+forsb/sth)+todosth”結(jié)構(gòu)2.[2017·浙江卷·書面表達(dá)]這些睡前活動讓孩子們都變得很興奮,使他們很難平靜下來睡覺。Theseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedand_________________________________________

andsleep.

whichmadeitpossiblemakeithardforthemtocalmdown基礎(chǔ)自主梳理背句型(課本這樣講)記公式(公式這樣記)仿句子(高考這樣考)3.Theearthbecame_____________________itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

地球變得如此激烈動蕩,不知道這個形狀是否會持續(xù)下去?！皊o…that…如此……以至于

3.[2016·北京卷·書面表達(dá)]

我們做得很好,被邀請與我們學(xué)校的所有學(xué)生分享我們的想法和經(jīng)驗。Wedid____________________________________________________________________________________allthestudentsofourschool.

soviolentthatsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideasandexperiencewith基礎(chǔ)自主梳理背句型(課本這樣講)記公式(公式這樣記)仿句子(高考這樣考)4.So_______________________

ontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependon__________________________

___________________________.

所以,在未來的數(shù)百萬年中,生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。whether引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句4.[2015·浙江卷·書面表達(dá)]

一旦我們有機會決定是在公園野餐還是去博物館,我很想去博物館。Oncewewerelefttodecide_________________________________________________

___________,Iwouldlovetogotoamuseum.

whetherlifewillcontinuewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseumwhetherthisproblemcanbesolvedexist

vi.存在;生存·經(jīng)典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它們也下蛋,在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。(2)Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblemsingeography.有一個解決現(xiàn)存地理問題的好辦法?？键c分層突破核心詞匯考點分層突破·歸納拓展①existonsth(=liveonsth)靠某物生存existin…

存在于……之中Thereexists…

有/存在……②existencen.存在inexistence 現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)有的eintoexistence 產(chǎn)生;存在③existingadj. 現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)行的【名師指津】exist一般不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài),也不能使用被動語態(tài)?？键c分層突破·即學(xué)即練單句語法填空(1)Itwasimpossibleforthemtoexist

suchasmalline.

(2)Howthefirststarcameinto

(exist)isnotknown.

(3)Theparkingplaceforbikeswasan

(exist)problemforalongtimeinourschool.

考點分層突破onexistenceexisting2prevent

v.

阻止;制止·經(jīng)典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中,這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去?？键c分層突破(2)Asalways,youshouldstretchatleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.在每次開跑之前,你都應(yīng)該像往常一樣伸展四肢至少十分鐘,以避免受傷?？键c分層突破考點分層突破·歸納拓展【名師指津】(1)在主動語態(tài)中,stop/prevent…fromdoingsth中可省去from,而keep…fromdoingsth中的from不可省略;在被動語態(tài)中,這三個搭配中的from均不可省略。(2)在protect…from結(jié)構(gòu)中,from后接能帶來傷害或損害之物?？键c分層突破·即學(xué)即練單句改錯(1)Nothingcouldpreventhimgoouteventhoughit'sbadweather.

(2)Theplancanbepreventedbeingcarriedout.

(3)Theydidn'tkeephimexpressinghisviews.考點分層突破go→goingbeing前加fromhim后加from3puzzle

n.謎;難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)為難·經(jīng)典例句(1)[教材原句P27]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上的生命是怎樣起源的,這個問題是科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)的難以解決的最大難題之一。(2)Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathsproblem.她臉上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那個令人困惑的數(shù)學(xué)難題。考點分層突破考點分層突破·歸納拓展①puzzleover/about苦苦思索;仔細(xì)琢磨②puzzledadj. 迷惑的;不解的puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的bepuzzledby…

被……迷惑bepuzzledabout 對……迷惑不解③apuzzletosb 一件讓某人感到困惑的事情【名師指津】過去分詞形式的形容詞,如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等,除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外,還可以用來修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞,如look,voice,smile,expression,face等?？键c分層突破·即學(xué)即練單句語法填空(1)Wherethelostboyhasgonestillremains

puzzletous.

(2)

puzzledmewaswhytheydidn'ttaketheexpert'sadvice.

(3)Joepassedhishandoverhisfaceandlooked

(puzzle).考點分層突破aWhatpuzzled4pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力

·經(jīng)典例句(1)[教材原句P30]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.隨著火箭升空,由于我們在努力掙脫地球的引力,我們被向后推在座位上。(2)[2018·天津卷]ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.只有當(dāng)汽車在我們房子前停下來我們才看到在乘客位置的莉莉?？键c分層突破考點分層突破·歸納拓展pullback拉回來;縮回;使后退pulldown 拉下(窗簾等);拆毀;拆掉(房屋等)pullout 拔出,使脫離;(列車等)駛出,出站;啟程pullup 把……往上拽;(使)停下(住)pullsbfrom/outof 從……中退出pullin (列車等)駛進(jìn),到站;(船)靠岸pullthrough (使)渡過危機/難關(guān)·即學(xué)即練用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空(1)ItwasimpossibleforJoetoclimbbackorforSimontopullhim

.

(2)Hesucceededinpulling

thedifficulty.

(3)Thetrainpulled

exactlyontime.

考點分層突破upthroughin對點訓(xùn)練語境語法填空Theriverisbeingpollutedwithmanyfactories1.

(exist)onbothofitssides.Deadfishhavebeenfound2.

(float)onthesurfaceofthewater.Unknownbacteria3.

(multiply)fastalongtheriver,whichmightbeapotentialrisktopeople'shealth.However,what4.

(puzzle)thelocalgovernmentishowtodealwiththerelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentand考點分層突破existingfloatingaremultiplyingpuzzlesenvironmentalprotection.Theywanttotakeaction5.

(pull)downsomeofthefactories,buttheyfearthatthismaycausethelocaleconomy6.

(crash)andthenbringimpactsonemployment.考點分層突破topulltocrashintime終于;及時·經(jīng)典例句[教材原句P25]Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.最終它們產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體,從而形成了地球的大氣層?？键c分層突破高頻短語考點分層突破·歸納拓展①intimefor…

剛好趕上……intimetodosth 及時做某事②ontime 準(zhǔn)時allthetime 一直,始終atonetime 曾經(jīng),一度atatime 每次,逐一考點分層突破fromtimetotime 有時,偶爾innotime 立刻,馬上timeandtimeagain 一次又一次,一再③takeone'stime 別著急;慢慢來killtime 消磨時間·即學(xué)即練用time相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Doyouwanttogetup

tohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?

(2)

,halfthelandontheearth'ssurfacewascoveredbytheforest.

(3)We'llhavetheleakfixed

.

考點分層突破intimeAtonetimeinnotime2inone'sturn輪到某人;接著·經(jīng)典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.從而,它們的時代到來了,它們成了這個行星上最重要的動物。(2)Atthemeeting,theyallspoke,eachintheirturn.在會議上他們依次都發(fā)了言?？键c分層突破考點分層突破·歸納拓展inturn依次;輪流;因此;因而byturns 輪流;依次taketurnstodosth/(in)doingsth 輪流做某事Itissb'sturntodosth. 輪到某人做某事·即學(xué)即練單句語法填空(1)Wetookturns

(do)thedrivingonthewayuptoCanada.

(2)

ismyturntocleantheclassroomthisweek.

(3)Inwinterpeopleburnalotofcoaltowarmthemselves,andthis_____

turncausespollutionandglobalwarming.考點分層突破todoinIt3cheerup高興起來;振作精神·經(jīng)典例句(1)[教材原句P31]Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbeesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻感到很高興,(由于失重)我在太空艙里飄來飄去,我望著(身后的)地球越來越小,而(前方的)月球越來越大。(2)Wewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.我們?nèi)チ速u花人那里,問她我們能否為那位女士買朵花讓她振作起來?？键c分層突破考點分層突破·歸納拓展cheersbup使某人振作起來cheersbon (比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵;為某人加油cheerfor 為……而歡呼Cheers! [口語](用于祝酒)干杯!·即學(xué)即練完成句子(1)Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstillthere__________________

(為她的朋友加油)andpraisetheiracplishments.

(2)WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymother_____________________________________

(給我講有趣的故事哄我高興).考點分層突破tocheeronherfriendstellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup對點訓(xùn)練運用所學(xué)短語完成下列短文1.

(既然)theriverherehasbeenbadlypolluted,weshouldbe2.

(及時)todealwithit,oritwillbeharmfultoourhealth.Weshould3.

(阻止它)beingpollutedagain.Soweshould4.

(振作起來)and5.

(密切注意)thebadbehaviours.

考點分層突破NowthatintimepreventitfromcheerupwatchoutforButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(教材P31)但當(dāng)我盡量向前邁步的時候,我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn),步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了?！ぞ湫凸?/p>

考點分層突破重點句型twiceasfaras…是一種倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法,意為“是……的兩倍遠(yuǎn)”。在該句型中,twice也可換成:half,onefourth等詞,表示“……是……的一半/四分之一等”?？键c分層突破·歸納拓展常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法有:①倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as…②倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than…③倍數(shù)+thesize/height/weight/depth/…+of…④倍數(shù)+asmany/much+名詞+as…·經(jīng)典例句(1)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigas/threetimesbiggerthan/threetimesthesizeofthepresentone.正在為下屆亞運會而建設(shè)的新體育場將是目前這個體育場的三倍大。(2)Thenewbridgeisthreetimesthewidthofthatonebuiltlastyear.這座新橋是去年建造的那座橋的三倍寬?？键c分層突破·即學(xué)即練一句多譯最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的行星幾乎是地球的三倍大,人類有望能在上面生活。(1)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________

theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(as)

(2)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________

theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(than)

(3)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________

theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(size)

考點分層突破threetimesaslargeasthreetimesbiggerthanthreetimesthesizeof2Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(教材P26)這引起了連鎖反應(yīng),為生命的發(fā)展提供了可能?！ぞ湫凸?/p>

考點分層突破“makeit+adj./n.+forsbtodo”結(jié)構(gòu)中it作形式賓語,而真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。考點分層突破·歸納拓展①make+it+形容詞/名詞+that從句make+it+形容詞/名詞+todosthmake+it+nogood/nouse/novalue…+doingsth②常用于這種句型的動詞還有:think,consider,find,feel等?！そ?jīng)典例句(1)Thepresentsituationmakesitdifficultforustoacplishthetaskontime.目前的情況使我們很難按時完成任務(wù)。(2)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.無論他在哪里,他都會在早飯前去散散步?？键c分層突破(3)Whenitestoemotionalsupport,thescientistthinksitnecessarytosurroundyourselfwithsomesupportivepeople.當(dāng)提到情感支持時,這位科學(xué)家認(rèn)為周圍有一些支持你的人是必要的?？键c分層突破·即學(xué)即練(1)單句語法填空①Unfortunately,thetreesmade

impossibleforpeopletoseeherfromabove.

②Lotsofpeoplefindithard

(get)upinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.

考點分層突破ittoget(2)同義句改寫Itispossibleforeverystudentinourschooltouseaputerinclass.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)→Ourschool

foreverystudenttouseaputerinclass.

考點分層突破makesitpossible對點訓(xùn)練語境改錯Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimessizeofGreatBritain.Itspopulationisnowtwicethatitwas50yearsago.Nigeriaisabundantinoil,whichmakespossibletobeeAfrica'sNo.1economy.Chinesepeoplearepouringintothiscountry.ThenumberofChinesetouriststoNigeriaisfivetimeslargeasitusedtobe.Nowwhenyouhavegotachancetovisitit,whynotgotoappreciateitscharmingsceneryanduniqueculture?考點分層突破Ataroughestimate,Nigeriaisthreetimes∧sizeofGreatBritain.Itspopulationisnowtwicethatitwas50yearsago.Nigeriaisabundantinoil,whichmakes∧possibletobeeAfrica'sNo.1economy.Chinesepeoplearepouringintothiscountry.ThenumberofChinesetouriststo考點分層突破thewhatitNigeriaisfivetimes∧largeasitusedtobe.Nowwhenyouhavegotachancetovisitit,whynotgotoappreciateitscharmingsceneryanduniqueculture?考點分層突破asthatⅠ.單句語法填空1.We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayof

(prevent)that.

2.Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha

(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.

3.Moreimportantly,Ifounditwasmyturn

(start)lookingaftermyfather.

4.Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoff

time.

當(dāng)堂跟蹤檢測preventingpuzzlingtostartin5.Thereweremanyfish

(float)intheriverbecauseoftheseriouspollution.

6.Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental

myworkasadirector.

7.Therearefourtimes

(many)booksinourlibrarythaninyours.

8.Aconflictbroke

whenthevillagerstriedtopreventthefactoryworkers

sendingwastewaterintotheirfield.當(dāng)堂跟蹤檢測floatingtooutmorefromⅡ.短語填空1.You'vemademesufferinthepast,sonowyou,

,sufferagain!

2.Hansfinally

hisjobafterthreemonthsoftraining.

3.Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviourssuchaspooreatinghabits,which

increasetheriskofheartdisease.

當(dāng)堂跟蹤檢測inyourturngotthehangofgivebirthto,inone'sturn,nowthat,preventfrom,getthehangof,inturninturn4.

you'vepassedyourtest,youcandriveonyourown.

5.Thegovernmenttookimmediatemeasuresandthediseasewas

___________________spreading.

6.ItwasJamesWatt'sobservationofsteamfromakettlethat_______________

theideaofthesteamengine.

當(dāng)堂跟蹤