2016年考研英語(yǔ)1真題

2016年考研英語(yǔ)1真題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefbrtheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenot

onlyhisparentsandhisfriends,1thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.A

youngmancan2alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto3the

marriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaytakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthe

childlittletosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.

5sspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildis

marrying6agoodfamily.

Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,7

1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand__8

prayersofblessing.Par-tsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreads

soakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,and10acandlearounda

circleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe11.Newlywedstraditionally

moveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycan

buildanewhousenearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15

withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothe

marriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis_18equally.Divorced1personsmayremarry,

butagenderprejudice19up.Thedivorcedmaledoesn,thaveawaitingperiodbeforehe

canremarry_____20__thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

1.A.bywayofB.withregardofC.onbehalfofD.aswellas

2.A.decideonB.providefbrC.competewithD.adaptto

3.A.closeB.arrangeC.renewD.postpone

4.A.IntheoryB.AboveallC.IntimeD.Forexample

5.A.UnlessB.LessC.AfterD.Although

6.A.intoB.withinC.fromD.through

7.A.orB.sinceC.butD.so

8.A.testB.copyC.reciteD.create

9.A.foldingB.pilingC.wrappingD.tying

10.A.passingB.lightingC.hidingD.serving

11.A.associationB.meetingC.collectionD.union

12.A.dealB.partC.growD.live

13.A.whereasB.untilC.forD.if

14.A.avoidB.followC.challengeD.obtain

15.A.isolatedB.persuadedC.viewedD.exposed

16.A.whereverB.whateverC.wheneverD.however

17.A.changedB.broughtC.shapedD.pushed

18.A.investedB.dividedC.donatedD.withdrawn

19.A.warmsB.clearsC.showsD.breaks

20.A.whileB.sothatC.onceD.inthat

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,

CorD.markyouanswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustry

haslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautylorwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminary

approvallastweektoalawwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.The

parliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat''inciteexcessivethinness^^bypromotingextreme

dieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefined

bylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemsto

gobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath-assomehavedone.Ittellsthe

fashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenage

girls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotlet

othersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlookto

intangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroor

wasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangetoculturethat

stillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthat

doesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsix

monthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsishasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornment

andidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingto

setvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressurefor

enforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesand

sanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanish

FashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthe

fashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople”.Thecharter'smaintoolof

enforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek

(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shame

methodofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthatlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethe

beststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsof

aparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

22.Thephrase"impingingon"(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]heighteningthevalueof

[B]indicatingthestateof

[C]losingfaithin

[D]doingharmto

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodel'scharacter.

[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels.

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]AchallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

[B]ADilemmafortheStarvingmodelsinFrance

[C]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

Text2

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthatinthecountry.InBritainthishas

hadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside^^alongsidetheroyalfamily,

ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,

thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHillLaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbutto

save“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever^^.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecity

dwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair”.Hill'spressure

laterledtocreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore.And

everyyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.The

conservatives5planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,even

authorizing“off-plan“buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainable

developmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanning

wherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingits

chance,hassidedwiththosepleadingfbramoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.Its

CampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.

Theideathat"housingcrisis“equals"concretedmeadows^^ispurelobbytalk.Theissueis

nottheneedfbrmorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,George

Osbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-town

shoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutbiasedone.Ruraltownsand

villageshavecharacter.WedonotruinurbanDevelopmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.After

theNetherlands,BritainisEurope?mostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountry

planninghasenabledittoretainandenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-density

urbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,

SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthe

politicalspectrum.

26.Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

[A]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

[B]didn'tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily

[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitices.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing

[A]graduallydestroyed.

[B]effectivelyreinforced.

[C]properlyprotected.

[D]largelyovershadowed.

28.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

[A]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

|B]theConservativesmayabandon"off?plan“building.

[C]theLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

[D]labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference

[A]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

[C]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

[D]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof

[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

[B]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

[D]thepoliticallifeintodayisBritain.

TEXT3

“thereisonandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,nwroteMiltonFriedman,aNobel

prize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto

increaseitsprofits.,,ButevenifyouacceptFriedman5spremiseandregardcorporatesocial

responsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders9money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutely

clear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhen

theyareprosecutedforcorruption.

ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,

accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessinthree

ways.First,consumersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirectwaytodonate

tothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect/wherebyitsgooddeeds

earnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumers

canbeaffectedbyallthree.Alrecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbribery

prosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsince

prosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'productsaspartoftheirinvestigation,theycouldbe

influencedonlybythehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR

programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatit

wasfirm'spoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:

Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonits

merits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateither

eliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcoporategiving

byabout2-%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribing

foreignofficials"，saysoneresearcher.

Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessought

tospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,rather

thantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhave

demonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercan

winthemlesscostlypunishment.

31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith

[A]tolerance.

[B]skepticism.

[C]uncertainty.

[D]approval.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby

[A]winningtrustfromconsumers.

[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.

[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

[D]raisingthequalityofitsproduct.

33.Theexpression“morelenienf,(line2,para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]moreeffective

[B]lesscontroversial

[C]lesssevere

[D]morelasting

34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSRregard

[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision

[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence

[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized

[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation

35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?

[A]itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

[B]thenecessaryamountofcompanies?spendingonitisunknown.

[C]Companies9financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

|D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

Text4

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstorieson

newsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture”,the

paper'spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there?splentyofincentivetoditch

print.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper-printingpresses,deliverytrucks

-isn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesame

setoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintaway.Andthoughprintad

salesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overlandmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbea

mistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJoahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyifthey

goaboutdoingittherightway.”Fightingoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesense

ofthem,^^hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you4regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomers

reallyupsetwithyou”.

Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway.Perettigivestheexampleseenasa

blunder,“hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwouldraisepricesand

makeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey'd

feelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou're

overpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping.^^Perettisaid,44Thenincreaseitata

higherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue."Inotherwords,ifyou're

goingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.Whichway

bewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcosts$500ayear

-morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.

“it'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thavea

legacybusiness,64Perettiremarked,"Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehave

thingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.In

thosesituation,it'sbettertomoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.^^

36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto

[A]thepressurefromitsinvestors.

[B]thecomplaintsfromitsreader.

[C]thehighcostofoperation

[D]theincreasingonlineadsales.

37.Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould

[A]makestrategicadjustments

[B]endtheprinteditionforgood.

[C]seeknewsourcesofreadership.

[D]aimforefficientmanagement.

38.ItcanbeinferredformParagraph5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct”

[A]willhavethecostofprintingreduced.

|B]ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers.

[C]helpsrestorethegloryofformertime.

|D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper.

39.Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld.

[A]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.

[B]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.

[C]cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.

[D]legacybusinessarebecomingoutdated.

40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood.

[B]KeepYourNewspaperForeverinFashion.

[C]CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHand.

[D]ShittoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.

PartB

Direction:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachfornumberedblank.Therearetwoextra

choices,whichdonotfitinanyofgaps.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Createanewimageofyourself

[B]Decideifthetimeifright

[C]Haveconfidenceinyourself

[D]Understandthecontext

[E]Workwithprofessionals

[F]Knowyougoals

[G]Makeitefficient

Nomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhas

animpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions.AccordingtoresearchfromPrinceton

University,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,andlikeabilityinjustatenthofa

second,solelybasedonthewayyoulook.

Thedifferencebetweentoday'sworkplaceandthe“dressforsuccess^^eraisthatrangeof

optionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.Insomesetting,redsneakersor

dressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothersnotsomuch.Plus,whateverimagewepresentis

magnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedln.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuch

moreoftennowthanadecadeortwoago.Millennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingthe

leastformalgenerationyetthemostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.

Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinanupgrade?Andwhat'sthe

bestwaytopulloffonethatenhanceourgoals?Herearesometips;

41._______________________________________________

Asanexecutivecoach,I'veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitions-

whenlookingforanewjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingwork

environments.Ifyou'reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagood

time.Ifyou'renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.

Lookforcuesabouthowotherperceiveyou.Maybethere'snoneedforanupgradeandthat'sOK.

42._______________________________________________

Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyouimageor

pivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybetobetakenmoreseriouslyandenhancetheir

professionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,ormoremodern

andstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore

“SoHo".(It'sOKtousecharacterizationslikethat.)

43._______________________________________________

Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist.Whatarenormsofyourenvironment?

Whatconverysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportantaudiences?Howdothepeopleyourespect

andlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandtheculturalcontext,themore

controlyoucanhaveyouimpact.

44._______________________________________________

Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hirea

personalstylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeJ.Crew.tryahairstylistinsteadofa

barber.Workwithaprofessionalphotographerinsteadofyourspouseorfriend.It'snotas

expensiveasyoumightthink.

45._______________________________________________

Thepointofastyleupgradeisn'ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimepassingover

whattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardwork

uniformorafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesoncewithastylistinsteadofshoppingalone,

onearticleofclothingatatime.

Translation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Withinthespanofhundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideof

emigration-oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory-sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.46)this

movement,drivenbypowerfulmotivation,builtanationoutofawildernessandbyitsnature,

shapedihecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinenl.

47)theUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropean

peopleswilh(heirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsand」heimpactofanew

countrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmeri