版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
2019年北京清華大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案
PartIVocabulary(20%)
Directions:TherearefortyincompletesentencesinthispartForeach
sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebest
onethatcompletesthesentence,andthenmarkthecorresponding
letterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
1.TheEuropeanUnioncountries,wereonceworriedthattheywould
nothavesupplies
ofpetroleum.
A.sufficientB.efficientCpotentialD.proficient
2.We'dliketoatableforfivefordinnerthisevening.
A.preserveB.reserveC.sustainD.retain
3.Britainhasthehighestofroadtrafficintheworld-over60carsfor
everymileof
road.
A.popularityB.prosperityC.intensityD.density
4.IwouldneverhaveacourtoflawifIhadnztbeensodesperate.
A.soughtforB.accountedforC.turnedupD.restoredto
5.Theenergybythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.
A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered
6.Itisrequiredthatduringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakento
protectthesilk
fromdamage.
A.sensitiveB.sensibleCtenderD.delicate
7.Toour,Geoffrey*sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehad
feared.
A.reliefB.viewC.anxietyD.judgment
8.Thegovernmentwilltakesomeactiontothetwobigquarreling
companies.
A.jigsawB.jotC.impulseD.reconcile
9.Asautomationbecamepopularinmostfactories,laborwasmade*
A.disincentiveB.redundantC.diverseD.discontent
10.Theyhaveherunreasonablerequestforherannualsalary.
A.destinedB.chordedC.repelledD.commenced
11.Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocitequalifiedsources
ofinformation
andexamples.
A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed
12.Itisapparentthatwinningthescholarshipisofone'sintelligence
inthefieldof
physics.
A.parallelismB.alliterationC.testimonyD.rhythm
13.Incourtherepeatedhisthathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.
A.impressionsB.alliterationsC.clausesD.assertions
14.Shoppingmallshavesomeadvantageinsufferingfromshorter
periodsofbusiness.
A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant
5.AccordingtotheGenevanoprisonersofwarshallbesubjectto
abuse.
A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines
Beforethegeneralelectionmanyseniorcitizenssignedtheagainst
thespreadingof
nucleararms.
A.contractB.petitionC.supplicationD.potential
7.ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon's
atmospheretoplant
life.
A.adaptB.personalizeC.sustainD,describe
Ican*trememberexactlywhattriggeredtheexplosionbutitwaspretty
A.estimatingB.devastatingC.reprocessingD.preferring
Theindustryhaspumpedamountsofmoneyintopoliticalcampaigns,
makingit
lessandlesslikelythatpoliticianswilldealwiththeissuesensibly.
A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional
20.1wasentrustedtotoanewspaperarticlemakingpredictionsforthe
NewYear.
A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail
21.After1989,theexternalvanished,butthedangertoAmerican
civilizationremained.
A.disruptionB,menaceC.liabilityD,emergence
22.Thegovernmentistryingtohelptheseenterprisesoutoftheby
variousmeans.
A.flightB.plightCdelightD.twilight
23.Anarchaeologisthastopaymuchattentiontodetailsofan
unearthedobject.
A.miserableB.minusC.minuteD.moist
24.Thegirlhertablemate*sarmtoseeifshewasfastasleepatclass.
A.pinchedB.punchedC.pitchedD.preached
25.Mostofthelocalpeopleinvolvedintheaffairhavebeenand
dismissed.
A.smuggledB.prosecutedC.salutedD.thrived
26.1canrespectsomeonewhoisfortheiractions,butIcannot
respectsomeonewhois
alwayspointingthefinger.
A.millenniumB.dominantC.accountableD.commercial
27.AlltheproductsmadeinChinaaresoldanddistributedinwiththe
U.S.Export
AdministrationRegulationsandalsolocalcountryrules.
A.complianceB.prosperityC.merchandiseD,intersection
28.Oneofthemainreasonsisthattheuniversity'sattractsstudents
andfacultystaffall
overtheworld.
A.fraudB.respondentC.misconductD.prestige
29.Eventhoughtheinvestigationhasbeengoingonfortwomonths,
thepolicehaveno
furtherdetailsabouttheaccident.
A.comprisedB.formulatedC.releasedD.incorporated
30.Theywanttostimulateeconomicgrowthintheregionbyoffering
toforeign
investors.
A.incentivesB.abundancesC.warriorsD.outnumbers
31.Whybeaboutthatoldcoat?There'snopointinkeepingitjust
becauseyouwere
wearingitwhenyoufirstmetme.
A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.sentimentalD,sensational
32.andhardworkarethecornerstonesofthiscompany.
A.MutilationB.InnovationC.EmpireD.Strength
33.Theprotestswerepartoftheiragainsttheproposedbuilding
developmentinthe
area.
A.commissionB.commitmentC.conventionD.campaign
34.Somepeopleseemtoonthepressureofworkingunderadeadline.
A.renderB-evolveC.prevailD.thrive
35.Thesechangeshavenotbeensufficienttothelosses.
A.stemB.stimulateCcauseD.compensate
36.Psychologistsbelievethatchildrenareeasilyinfluencedbytheir.
A.conditionsB.combinationsC,peersD.granaries
37.Severalforglobalwarminghavebeensuggestedbyclimate
researchers.
A.systemsB.sentencesCfallaciesD.hypotheses
38.Thesenaturalresourceswillbesoonerorlaterifthepresentrateof
exploitation
continues.
A,depletedB.deployedC.inclinedD.mingled
39.Themilitaryoperationsyesterdayweretargetedatthemilitary
installations.
A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated
40.Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththebetweenthecomputer
andthehuman
brain.
A.profileB-mightyC.analogyD,leakage
PartIIReadingComprehension(40%)
Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearefiveshortpassages.Read
eachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.Choose
thebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenandmarkthecorresponding
letterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-
scoringANSWERSHEET.
PassageOne
Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworld
now.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationaland
harmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,and
anothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingand
problemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelpyoungpeopletobecome
morecomputerliterate/whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-
drivenera.
Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomemoreandmore
obvious."Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,
sexandcrudelanguage,,,saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNational
InstituteonMediaandFamily.''Unfortunatelyjt'sasegmentthatseems
particularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.z,
Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonline
gamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigators
said*Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.
We'reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit,sliketopull
thetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.”
Theyalsosaid“Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,
becausetheyhave
bettergraphicsandallowtheplayertoparticipateinevenmorerealistic
violentacts."InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwill
havedrivenoverandkilledupto33,OCX)peoplebythetimealllevels
arecompleted.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:"Your
victimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthe
windshield.Theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommit
suidde.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”
Isallthissimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000different
studieshavebeenconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthat
thereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreased
aggressivenessintheplayers.
Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatother
factorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkids
whoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcould
itbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributingrole?Itseemsunrealistic
toinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatwere
true,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannually
fortelevisionadvertising?
41.WhichofthefollowingcomputergamesareNOTmentionedas
educationalandharmlesslyentertaining?
A.Thosethatteachhowtoflyanairplane.
B.Thosethatteachthefeaturesoftheearth.
CThosethathelppeopleusecomputerlanguage.
D.Thosethatteachcomputertechnology.
42.Accordingtotheinvestigators,.
A.thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesallowtheplayerstotakepart
inrealviolentacts
B.thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesteachtheplayershowtokill
otherpeople
C.mostcomputerandonlinegamesmaketheplayersforgetthereal
liferesults
D.mostcomputerandonlinegamesmaycultivateyoungpeoplewith
badmanners
43.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoycruelcomputergames
B-itishardtofindevidenceofalinkbetweenviolenceandcomputer
games
C.therearenowmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames
D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromrealviolence
44.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising"asanexampletoshowthat
A.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreal
life
B.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreased
violenceinreallife
C.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasedviolence
inreallife
D.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolencein
reallife
PassageTwo
ThecollapseoftheEarth,smagneticfield—whichguardstheplanetand
guidesmanyofitscreatures—appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout
150yearsagoztheNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.
Thefield'sstrengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthis
hasincreasedthedebateoverwhetheritsignalsareversaloftheplanet*
slinesofmagneticforce*
Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,almostvanishes,and
reappearswithoppositepolarity(極)?Thetransitionwouldtake
thousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedlesthathadpointed
northwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothman
andanimals.Astronautsandsatelliteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,fish
andanintalsthatrelyontheinagneticfieldfornavigationwouldfind
migrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbeabig
disaster;despitedaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceoflinksbetween
pastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.
Althoughatotaltransitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,
therapiddeclineinmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsatellites.Last
month,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld'slargesteffort
attrackingthefield'sshifts.Agroupofnewsatellites,calledSwarm,is
tomonitorthecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision."Wewantto
getsomeidea*ofhowthiswouldevolveinthenearfuture,justlike
peopletryingtopredicttheweather-,saidGauthierHulot,aFrench
geophysicistworkingonthesatelliteplan."I,mpersonallyquite
convincedweshouldbeabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheend
ofthemission.0
Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepublichasnoreasontopanic.Even
ifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2,000yearstomature.
Thelastonetookplace780,000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswere
learninghowtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhot
currentsofmeltediron.Thismechanicalenergycreates
electromagnetism.Thisprocessisknownasthegeophysicalgenerator.
Inacar'sgenerator;thesameprincipleturnsmechanicalenergyinto
electricity.
Nooneknowspreciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientists
saytheresponsibilityprobablylieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflows
ofmeltediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthe
cloudsofJupiter.
45.Accordingtothepassage,theEarth/smagneticfieldhas?
A,misguidedmanyamanandanimal
B.beguntochangeintheoppositedirectionCcausedthechangeson
thepolarities
D.beenweakeninginstrengthforalongtime
46.DuringthetransitionoftheEarth*smagneticfield*
A.thecompasswillbecomeuseless
B.manandanimalswillbeconfusedindirections
C.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwilldisappear
D.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwillbestronger
47.Theauthorsaysthepublichasnoreasontopanic"because?
A.thetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsfromnow
B.thetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists
C.theprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish
D.thenewtransitionwillcome780,000yearsfromnow
48.ThecauseofthetransitionoftiKeEarth、magneticfieldcomesfrom
A.themovementdeepinsidetheEarthB.theperiodicalreversesofthe
EarthCtheforcecomingfromouterspaceD.themechanical
movementoftheEarth
PassageThree
TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminder
thatintoday*sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyou
pickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.
Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhow
closeoxfarawayfrom
hometiheeventhappened.
Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychological
warfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemorale
oftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularity
oftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesof
engagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.
Whetherit*samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsof
psychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.
Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuch
greaterthantheactualthreatitself.
Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowthe
actsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeansthereareways
todefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsinto
perspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.
WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?”Theuseofterrorismasatacticis
predicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewith
theactualthreat/,saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBuliietof
ColumbiaUniversity,uEverytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizing
thatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”
"Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpact
bythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,
orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasinglepersonBuliiettells
WebMD."Thepointisthatitisn'twhatyoudo,butifshowit,scovered
thatdeterminestheeffect“Forexample,BuliietsaystheIranianhostage
crisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneof
themostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25
years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,but
theeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatched
helplesslyaseachevening1snewscastcountedthedaysthehostages
werebeingheldcaptive.
Buliietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmasked
individualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessage
thattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup7spowerrather
thananindividualcmninalact."Youdon'thavethenotionthatacertain
personhastakenahostage.It*sanimageofgrouppower;andtheforce
becomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized"saysBuliiet'The
randomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastly
greatercapacities*/
PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthe
firstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistanfsaysthatterroristgroups
oftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseitstiheonlytacticthey
haveavailabletothem."Theydon'thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16S.
Theydon'thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonly
haveaccesstothingslikekidnapping-saysHaroun,whoisalsoa
clinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.
"Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethe
psychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000ofthe
enemy,〃HarountellsWebMD.'"Youhaven*treallyharmedtheenemy
verymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsof
inspiringfear;anxiety,terror;andmakingusallfeelbad,you'veachieved
alotofdemoralization/'
49.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTamongthereasonsthat
changetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?
A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent
B.Advancesintechnology.
C.ThepopularityoftheInternet,
D.Prosperityofmedia.
50.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoesMpublicizinganactof
violencebecomesan
importantpartofterrorismitself?
A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.
B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanonthe
actualthreat.
C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructive
thantheactualthreat.
D'Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowthe
actualthreat.
51.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat
A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsare
publicized
B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror
C.theAmericanmediaiseffective
D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect
52.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothe
publictheimpression
that?
A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives
B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup,spower
C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive
D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized
PassageFour
Inayearmarkedbyuncertaintyandupheaval,officialsatNewOrleans
universitiesthatdrawapplicantsnationwidearenotfollowingtheusual
rulesofthumbwhenitcomestocollegeadmissions.Theonlysurebet,
theysay,isthatthisfairsenteringclasses—thefirstsinceKatrina—will
besmallerthanusual.
Intypicalyears,mostcollegeadmissionsofficialscanpredictfairly
accuratelybythispointintheadmissionscyclehowmanyhighschool
seniorswillcommittoenrollingintheirinstitutions.Manyofthemost
selectiveschoolsrequirestudents—whoincreasinglyareapplyingto
multipleinstitutions—tomaketheirchoicesbyMay1.LoyolaUniversity,
whosetrusteeswillvoteMay19onwhethertodropseveraldegree
programsandeliminate17facultypositions,receivedfewer
applications——about2,900todate,comparedwith3,500inrecentyears.
Theschoolhopestoenroll700freshmen,downfrom850inthepastfew
years.HistoricallyblackDillardUniversity,whichisoperatingoutofa
hotelandwasforcedtocancelitsannualMarchopenhouse,alsosaw
drops,asdidXavierUniversity,ahistoricallyblackCatholicinstitution
thatfellbehinditsrecruitmentschedule.Dillardwon'treleasenumbers'
butspokeswomanMaureenLarkinssaysapplicationsweredownand
enrollmentsareexpectedtobelowerthaninthepastXavieradmissions
deanWinstonBrownsaysitsapplicantpoolfellbyabouthalfoflastyear*
srecord1,014;hehopestoenroll500freshmen.
IncontrastTulaneUniversity,whichisthemostselectiveofthefourand
developedanaggressiverecruitmentscheduleafterthehurricane,
enjoyedan11%increaseinapplicationsthisyear;toarecord20,715.
Evenso,officialspredictthatfeweradmittedstudentswillenrollandare
projectingasmaller-than-usualfreshmanclass——1,400,comparedwitha
moretypical1,600.TulaneofficialsannouncedinDecemberthatthey
wouldeliminatesomedepartmentsandfacultypositions.
LikeTulane,otherschoolsaretakingextrastepsthisyeartowoo
admittedstudents,oftenbyenlistinghelpfromalumniaroundthe
countryandreachingouttostudentswithmoree-mails,phonecallsor
Web-basedinteractionssuchasblogs.Inaddition,Loyolaisrelaxing
deadlines,sweeteningthepotwithlargerscholarshipsandfreezing
tuitionatlastyear'slevel.Dillard,toozisfreezingtuition.lt,salsohosting
townmeetingsintargetcitiesandregionsnationwide,andmovedits
academiccalendarbackfromAugusttomid-September"toavertthe
majorityofthehurricaneseason"Larkinssays.Xavierextendedits
applicationdeadlineandsteppedupitsone-on-onecontactwith
acceptedstudents.AndTulane,amongothertihings,hasdoubledthe
numberofon-campusprogramsforacceptedstudentsandhosteda
communityserviceweekendprogram.
Whiletheschoolsexpectapplicantstobeapprehensive,theadmissions
officialsalsoseeencouragingsignsofpurposefulnessamongapplicants,
“Alotofstudentswhoarechoosingtocometothiscity(are)saying,'I
wanttobeapartof(theaction),,,,saysStieffel,notingthatLoyolars
transferapplicationswereup30%.AndwhileapplicationstoXavierare
down,Brownisbettingthatstudentswhodoapplyareserious."The
oneswhoareapplying,wefeel,aremorelikelytocome-,hesays.
53.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A.manyofthestudentsrequiresmallerclassesthanusualinthe
institutions
B.mostcollegeadmissionsofficialscannotpredicthowmanystudents
willcommittoenrollingintheirinstitutionsbyMay1thisyear
Cmanyofthestudentsareincreasinglyapplyingtomultipleinstitutions
tomaketheir
choicesbyMay1thisyear
D.intypicalyears,mostcollegesrequirestudentstoapplyandcommit
totheir
institutions
54.Thefollowingstatementsarefalseotherthan?
A*TulaneUniversityalsosawdropsinapplicationthisyear
B.XavierUniversity,asahistoricallyblackCatholicinstitution,fell
behindtherecruitmentscheduleofDillardUniversity
C.XavierUniversitydeanWinstonBrownsaysthetotalnumberthathe
hopestoenrollisabout1,500freshmen
D.LoyolaUniversitywillvoteonwhethertoeliminate17faculty
positionsduetoreceivingfewerapplicationsofstudents
55.Inordertoattractapplicants,LoyolaUniversityandDillardUniversity
are,
A.reducingthetuitionrespectively
B.hostingmeetings
C.increasingthescholarshipsrespectively
D.extendingtheapplicationdeadline
56.Thepassagemainlyconcentratesonthesubjectof.
A.thedropsoftheapplicantsoftheuniversities
B.thedilemmaoftheadmissionofficials
C.theusualrulesofcollegeadmissions
D.theeffectsofthehurricanes
PassageFive
Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluthatshouldbe
commandingourraptattentiontodayisthatavianinfluenza,specifically
theH5N1strainknownasbirdflu,threatenstobecometheyoung
people'splague.Anditisagrowingcontendertocauseadevastating
worldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears.
Wearetoousedtothinkingoffluasanannualannoyancethatkillsonly
thefrailandelderly.Butthatjustisn'tthecaseforH5N1.Withamortality
rateofover50percent,thisbirdfluhaskilledover110people,striking
theyoungandable-bodiedthehardestItsvictimsclusterpredominantly
among5-to-30-year-oldzapatternthathasheldupinthe34knownto
havediedfrombirdflusofarthisyear.
Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmune
systemsoftheyoung.Thevictimsoverreacttothealienvirus,triggering
amassiveimmuneresponsecalledacytokinestorm,turninghealthy
lungsintoasoddenmassofdyingtissuescongestedwithblood,toxic
fluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells.Asairspaceschokeoff;the
bodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail.
ScientistshaverecentlyshownthatH5N1hasominousparallelswiththe
devastating1918flupandemic,whichalsojumpeddirectlytohumans
frombirdsanddisproportionatelyattackedtheyoungandthestrong.
Withapatternhighlysuggestiveofacytokinestorm,deathsometimes
camewithinjusthours,turningmanyWorldWarItroopshipsintodeath
ships.
Nowimaginehundredsofthousandsofyoungpeoplelaboringon
respirators,orlyingaloneincorridorsandmakeshifthospitalrooms,too
sicktobehelpedwhenthesupplyofbeds,equipment,andtrainedstaff
runout.Seemlikehype?Nottothemedicalexpertswhodiscussedthese
scenariosduringlastweek'sUS.NewsHealthSummitonemergency
preparedness.
ThispictureputsafaceontheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHuman
Services'projectionsthat,ifH5N1mutatesintoareadilyhuman-
transmissiblefrom209,000to1.9millionAmericanscoulddie.Partof
ourreadinessthinkingshouldbetoheedthebluntwordsofHHS
SecretaryMichaelLeavittatthesummit:Anyfamilyorcommunitythat
failstopreparefortheworst,withtheexpectationthatthefederalor
stategovernmentwillcometotherescue,willbe“tragicallywrong/5
Inapandemic,thegovernmentsmedicalresourceswillbestretchedthin,
anditwon'tbeabletoguaranteefirst-linehelptoanyhometown,local
hospital,orcollegecampus.EventhenationalstockpileofTamiflu,the
antiviralthatisthebestwehavetopreventorlessentheimpactofthe
illness,hasitslimits.Ifacollegestudentishospitalizedwithapossible
H5N1infection,thefedswillprovidedrugs.Buttheywillnotmakeit
availabletofendoffthevirusinthemanyotherswhomayhavecomein
dosecontactwiththeinfectedstudentIntheexistingfederalguidance
onH5N1Ztheyoungandhealthyfallintothelowest-prioritygroupfor
antiviraldrugsandvaccines.Studenthealthcentersorotherproviders
hadbetterscroungeuptheirownstockpiles.Containingpossible
outbreaksoncollegecampusesmaybeallbutimpossible.Social
distancing—avoidingclosecontactwithotherpeoplewithairkisses
insteadofsmooches,orevenbydonningmasksandgloves一willbe
toughtoenforce.
Thethreatposesauniquelydifficultchallenge.Inthebestofallscenarios,
theviruswillloseitsfuryandleaveinitswakeanewcultureofindividual
andcommunitypreparedness.Butweneedtogetreadynow,andnot
forthebestscenariobutfortheworst.
57.Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluisthat.
A.theavianflushouldbecommandingourraptattention
B
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 必修課程設(shè)計實例
- 企業(yè)信息安全管理實踐
- 團隊建設(shè)與團隊管理技巧培訓(xùn)
- 2023年離子風(fēng)機項目籌資方案
- 制冷站課程設(shè)計
- 新生兒臍部護理授課
- 青島工學(xué)院《數(shù)理統(tǒng)計理論與方法國際2》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 青島工程職業(yè)學(xué)院《數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)導(dǎo)論》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護的法律實務(wù)匯報講解
- 搖臂座 課程設(shè)計
- GB/T 6569-1986工程陶瓷彎曲強度試驗方法
- GB/T 554-2008帶纜樁
- GB/T 37067-2018退化草地修復(fù)技術(shù)規(guī)范
- GB/T 23280-2009開式壓力機精度
- GB/T 19466.1-2004塑料差示掃描量熱法(DSC)第1部分:通則
- GB/T 13098-2006工業(yè)用環(huán)氧乙烷
- GB/T 12970.2-2009電工軟銅絞線第2部分:軟銅絞線
- 《扁鵲治病》教學(xué)課件
- 圍手術(shù)期多模式鎮(zhèn)痛管理及無痛病房
- 2022年山東科技大學(xué)計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)《操作系統(tǒng)》科目期末試卷A(有答案)
- 第六課 掌握演繹推理方法課件 【備課精講精研】 高中政治統(tǒng)編版選擇性必修三邏輯與思維
評論
0/150
提交評論