UNIT4DISCOVERINGUSEFULSTRUCTURES課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures語(yǔ)法精講·思維構(gòu)建不定式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)【語(yǔ)法感知】觀察并還原下列課文原句中缺少的成分1.Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhard______(find)answers.

2.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld_____(go)intospace.

3.America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977

_______(study)deepspace,anditstilltransmitsdatatoday.

4.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesire

_________(explore)theuniverseneverdied.

tofindtogotostudytoexplore5.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependently____(send)humansintospacein2003.

6.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon_______(make)measurementsandobservations.

sendtomake【歸納填空】【語(yǔ)法精講】一、不定式作定語(yǔ)1.不定式作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞或代詞,不定式和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。不定式通常要放在這些被修飾的詞后。*Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有許多作業(yè)要做。(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)*Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.他是第一個(gè)想到這個(gè)主意的人。(主謂關(guān)系)*Ihavenotimetogothere.我沒(méi)有時(shí)間去那里。(動(dòng)狀關(guān)系)*Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.他有一個(gè)出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。(同位關(guān)系)【名師點(diǎn)津】(1)不定式與其所修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,而該不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。*Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找一間屋子住。

(2)當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式既可以用主動(dòng)形式,也可用被動(dòng)形式,但其含義有所不同。*Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”)*Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?(不定式tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)2.不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況:(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith.一個(gè)好的喬遷派對(duì)禮物是用來(lái)裝飾新房子的東西。*I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusinthe“ForeignStudentsTellChineseStories”tobeheldinourschool.我寫信邀請(qǐng)你和我們一起參加將在我們學(xué)校舉辦的“外國(guó)學(xué)生講中國(guó)故事”的活動(dòng)。(2)序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí),thelast,theonly等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后,且與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。JenniferMauerbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor’sdegree.JenniferMauer成為她那個(gè)大家庭中第一個(gè)獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的人。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的該類名詞有:plan,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.這對(duì)飯店和商店這樣的生意很有用,因?yàn)樗峁┝诵碌奈櫩偷姆椒??！炯磳W(xué)活用】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Asaneditor,theability_____(use)thecomputerisimportant.

(2)Carolwashappythatshehadthechance____________(experience)thelifeinthecity.

(3)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty_________(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.

(4)Thesecoursesofferusopportunities__________(improve)ourabilitiestoappreciateart.

tousetoexperiencetobeheldtoimprove二、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ),主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞和形容詞,也可用來(lái)修飾副詞。在句中,不定式可作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)等,可表示目的、原因及結(jié)果等。1.目的狀語(yǔ),置于句首或句末,置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,常與inorder或soas組成短語(yǔ)。Togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.為了從鍛煉中獲取最大的健康益處,(鍛煉前)不吃早餐是明智的。2.原因狀語(yǔ),多見(jiàn)于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。*Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.如果這樣的話,你可能會(huì)很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)圖書(shū)館已經(jīng)變得更好了。3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),多見(jiàn)于“too...to”;“enoughto...”;onlytodo(表示意料之外的結(jié)果的發(fā)生);so/such...asto(意為“如此……以至于……”)結(jié)構(gòu)中。*Youmustfeelveryupsetforyoutogettomyofficeontime,onlytofindmefailtoarrive.你按時(shí)到達(dá)我的辦公室,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我不在,你一定感到很沮喪?，F(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種意想不到的結(jié)果。*Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.她焦急地從包裹中取出裙子,然后試穿了一下,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種順承的,必然造成的結(jié)果。*What’sworse,manyofthehouseswereseriouslydamaged,leavingover100peoplehomeless.更糟糕的是,很多房子破壞嚴(yán)重,使100多人無(wú)家可歸。4.獨(dú)立動(dòng)詞不定式多用作插入語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人的心理狀態(tài)或?qū)κ虑榈目捶ā?Tomakemattersworse,e-dictionariesmeanmorepollutionthanpaperdictionaries.更糟糕的是,電子辭典比傳統(tǒng)紙質(zhì)詞典污染更嚴(yán)重?！炯磳W(xué)活用】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheevening______(help)withherkids.

(2)Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon’tusefires_______(keep)warm.

(3)Wouldyoubesokindas_______(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus?

(4)Iamhonored_________(deliver)aspeechattheopeningceremonyonbehalfofourschool.

(5)___________(promote)students’senseofsocialresponsibility,moraleducationandsomerelatedactivitiesshouldbestrengthened.

tohelptokeeptosparetodeliverTopromoteⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Iamtoparticipateinthe“ToClassic-BrilliantYouth”ReadingCompetition_________(hold)nextmonth.

2.Andthebestway____________(strengthen)willpoweristomakeitintoahabit.

3.Chinaisthethirdcountryintheworld_______(send)menintospace.

4.Ihavesomethingimportant_____(tell)you.

5.WewilltraveltonorthernFrance______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields.

6.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

tobeheldtostrengthentosendtotelltovisittobecompleted7.Mygrandmotherwokeup,only______(find)everybodyhadgone.

8.Iranallthewaysoasnot_____(be)latefortheimportantmeeting.

9._______(save)energy,weturnoffthelightsforEarthHouronthelastSaturdayinMarch.

10.I’mglad_______(share)withyousomeinformationabouttheexhibitionofChineseNewYearpaintings.

tofindtobeTosavetoshareⅡ.完成句子1.Heisalwaysthefirst________________andthelast_____________.

他總是第一個(gè)到校,最后一個(gè)離校。2.Theboyworkedveryhard________________________.

這個(gè)男孩非常努力,為的是彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間。3.Ihadadream_____intheskylikeabird.

我做了一個(gè)夢(mèng),夢(mèng)到自己像鳥(niǎo)兒一樣在天空中飛翔。4.Withsomanyproblemstosolve,mybrotherwastooworried_____________.

有太多的問(wèn)題去處理,我哥哥擔(dān)憂得吃不下任何東西。toarriveatschooltoleaveschooltomakeupforthelosttimetoflytoeatanything5.IhurriedtoProfessorWang’shouse,only________________.

我匆忙趕到王教授的家,可是卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他外出了。6.Weturnedthelightsoffsoas____________________.

為了不浪費(fèi)電,我們關(guān)了那些燈。tofindhewasoutnottowasteelectricity【語(yǔ)法主題應(yīng)用】李華正在和同學(xué)張青談?wù)撍挠詈絾T夢(mèng)想,請(qǐng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和提示完成對(duì)話。Zhang:I1.___________________(很高興得知)youareinterestedinthespaceexploration.

Li:Indeed,I