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12選擇性必修第三冊暑期學(xué)習(xí)成果階段檢測卷英語(考試時間:120分鐘試卷滿分:150分)注意事項:1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheartexhibition?A.Disappointed.??
? B.Satisfied.??
? C.Excited.【答案】A【原文】W:Whatamess!Ihaveneverseensuchanartexhibition.Itcan’tbeworse.M:IbeggedtodifferJulia.Ithinkit’smuchbetterthantheonewesawlasttime.2.Whatcoursewillthewomantake?A.Spanish. B.Photography. C.Art.【答案】B【原文】M:So,areyougoingtojoinmySpanishcoursethisyear?W:Well,Iputmynamedown,butI’vechangedmymind.Afriendofmineistakingupphotography.andIthinkI’lljoinhim.M:Ididn’thaveyoudownastheartistictype.3.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Givemoneytothecharity. B.Goonacharitywalk. C.Visitthefloodvictims.【答案】B【原文】W:MarcoandIwanttodosomethingtohelpthefloodvictims.M:Whatareyougoingtodo?W:We’regoingtodoacharitywalktomorrow.4.Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?A.Toexpresshergratitude. B.Toaskforhelp. C.Toshowherkindness.【答案】A【原文】W:Mr.White,I’mverygratefulforallyourgenerosity.M:Don’tmentionit.I’mgladIcanprovidehelptofamiliesincrisissituations.AndIhaveappreciatedyourkindness.5.WhyisJohnlateforschool?A.Hewasstuckintraffic. B.Hehurthishead. C.Hedidagooddeed.【答案】C【原文】W:Johnwhyareyoulateforschool?M:JustnowIsawatrafficaccidentontheroad.Thecyclisthurthisheadverybadly.Iimmediatelycalledthepoliceandhospital.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。6.Whendoestheboyusuallygohome?A.At4:45pm. B.At5:15pm. C.At5:45pm.7.Howoftendoestheboygoswimming?A.Twiceaweek. B.Threetimesaweek. C.Fourtimesaweek.【答案】6.B7.B【原文】W:Whatdoyoudoafterschooleveryday?M:Well,Ihaveclassesuntilfourfortyfivepm.AfterthatIusuallyworkoutforhalfanhouratthesportscentre.ThenIgohometodomyhomework.Itusuallytakesmeaboutanhourtofinishit.W:Whatkindofexercisedoyoudo?M:Well,threedaysaweekIswim.TheotherworkdaysIgorunning.Idothegardeningatmyhouseontheweekend.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。8.WhowillhelpdeliverthebottlesonMondaymorning?A.Lisa. B.Steven. C.Theteacher.9.Whydothestudentscollectthebottles?A.Todecoratetheroomfortheparty.B.Tomakegiftsforthehomeless.C.Tousethemasmoneyboxes.10.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Amunityclub.B.Acharityevent.C.Anentertainmentactivity.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【原文】M:Hi,Lisa.Doyouknowmunityserviceclubisdoingapennydrivethismonth?W:Ofcourse,Stephen,westillneed73milkbottles,oneforeachteacher.M:Thatisalotofbottles.W:That’swhyweneedalltheclubmemberstobringsome.Thenwe’regoingtodecoratethebottleswithstickersandconstructionpaperandthensendthemtotheteachers.M:YouhavetoeearlyonMondaymorningtohelpdeliverthebottles.Sodon’tforget.W:Iwon’t.Then,whatelseisgoingtohappen?M:Well,basicallythestudentsandteachersineachclasswillputpenniesinthebottles.TheclasswiththemostpennieswinsaPizzaparty.W:Whereisthemoneygoing?M:WearegoingtodonatethemoneytotheArizonahomelessshelter.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。11.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toexpressthanks. B.Toextendaninvitation. C.Togetsomeinformation.12.HowlongisthesportscenteropenonSaturdays?A.For5hours. B.For9hours. C.For14hours.13.Whichsportdoesthewomanlike?A.Cyclingingroups. B.Goinghiking. C.Playingvolleyball.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【原文】W:Goodafternoon.I’mplanningtodosomesportsafterschool.MayIasksomequestionsaboutyoursportscenter?M:Sure.Goahead.W:Whatarethehoursofoperationforyourcenter?M:WeareopenMondaythroughFridayfrom8:00amto10:00pm.Saturdays’hoursarefrom9:00amto6:00pmandonSundaysweopenat9:00amandcloseat2:00pm.W:Howaboutphysicaltraining?Doyouofferanyoneononetraining?M:Sure.Wehavemanytrainersforyoutochoosefrom.Youcanseetheirschedulesandqualificationshereonthisform.Wealsooffergroupclasses.Youcanplayvolleyball,gocycling,andtakehikingtripsinthemountains.W:Ifancycyclingingroups.I’mreadytogetstarted!聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。14.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Joiningaprotest. B.Interviewingtheman. C.Givingaspeech.15.Whyisthewomaninfrontofthefactory?A.Sheislookingforherhusband.B.Hersalaryhasn’tbeenpaidbytheboss.C.Thefactoryispollutingtheenvironment.16.Whohasbeencoughingallnight?A.Thewoman’shusband.B.Peopleinthemunity.C.Theworkersinthefactory.17.Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Toshoutwithher.B.Togotothegovernment.C.Tocovertheevent.【答案】14.A15.C16.A17.C【原文】W:Stoppoisoningus,stoppoisoningus.M:Hey,Julia,whyareyoushoutinginfrontofthisfactory?W:Robert,it’syou.Thisfactoryispollutingourairandwater.They’reresponsiblefordangerouschemicalsandwaste.
M:Butyourhusbandworkshere.Aren’tyouconcernedyou’llcausetroubleforhimandtheotherworkers?W:What’smoreimportantistheirhealth.Theairqualityinandoutofthisfactoryisatworstlevels.Myhusbandhasbeencoughingallnight.M:That’sterrible.MaybeIshouldhelpyoutodosomething.W:Asareporter.Youcancovertheeventonbehalfofyournewspaper,M:OK.Butmaybethatistakingthingsalittletoofar.W:Noway.Didyouknowthatworkersandpeopleinthemunityhavegotlungcancers.Thisafternoonwewillgotothegovernmentgate.M:Ididn’tknowthatmoredetails.聽下面一段獨白,回答以下小題。18.Whatisprobablythespeaker?A.Anathlete. B.Afitnesscoach. C.Ahealthcareprovider.19.Howoftenshouldpeoplemakeachangeintheirworkoutplans?A.Everytwomonths. B.Everytwoyears. C.Everytwoweeks.20.Howdoesthespeakersuggestbalancingworkoutintensitythroughouttheweek?A.Byonlydoinglightactivities.B.Byplanningexerciseandrestproperly.C.Byengaginginthesameworkouteveryday.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【原文】M:Thankyouforjoiningourwellnessworkshop.I’mRichardSimmons.Beforewebegin,Iwanttosharesomeadvice.Stayingactiveisessentialforahealthylifestyle,butit’simportanttoavoidmonworkoutmistakes.Thefirsterroristhelackofvarietyinexercising,engaginginthesameroutinecanleadtonoprogress.Topreventthis.Isuggestchangingyourworkoutplansbymonthly,dodiverseactivitieslikeyogatoimproveflexibility,weightliftingtobuildstrengthorpalatestoenhancecorestability.Varietynotonlypreventsboredom,butalsoimprovesyouroverallfitness.Itcanhelptodevelopdifferentmusclegroups.Anothermonerrorisovertraining.It’simportanttounderstandthatrestisjustascrucialformusclerecoveryandgrowth.Astheworkoutitself,Iremendaimingfortwointensesessionsperweek.Onthedays,youarenotpushingyourselfhard.Considerengaginginlighteractivity,suchasfastwalkingorleisurelycycling.Thisapproachbalancesphysicaleffortwithrecovery.Nonetheless,it’sadvisabletohaveatleastonedayofpleterestweeklytoallowyourbodytofullyrecover.Remember,wellnessisamarathon,listentoyourbodyandadjustyouractivitiesaccordingly.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AUniqueoutdoorrestaurantsaroundtheworldManythingsetomindwhenIthinkofagreatvacation.Remarkablesceneryanddeliciousfoodarecertainlyonmylist.Thosetwofeaturescan’talwaysbefoundinthesamelocation.However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.TheRock,ZanzibarOnanenormousboulder(巨石)offthecoastoftheEastAfricanislandofZanzibarsitsTheRock.Thefreshestseafood,muchofitstraightfromthesurroundingocean,isalwaysavailablehere.Atlowtide(潮汐),customerscanwalkouttoTheRock.Asthewaterrises,though,customersmusttakeashortboatridetoit.Oncetheyarrive,they’regreetedbyfriendlystaffand360degreeviewsofbeautifulbluegreenwater.TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant”,isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.TheLabasinWaterfallsRestaurant,PhilippinesStrikingwaterfallssometimeshaverestaurantsatthetop.ButtheLabasinWaterfalls,inSanPabloCity,Philippines,isdifferent.Arestaurantsitsatthebottomofthefalls.Guestsdineonauthentic(地道的)Filipinomealsatbambootablesthatstandrightinthewater.Theycooltheirfeetinthewaterthatflowsundertheirtables.Thesurroundingjunglemakesaperfectbackgroundforthisoneofakinddiningexperience.TheGrotto,ThailandTheGrottoRestaurantonThailand’sPhraNangBeachoffersdeliciousfoodandanincrediblediningexperience.Therestaurantispartlypositionedinsideacaveandpartlyonthebeach.GuestsseatedtowardthefrontlookoutatHappyIslandinthelovelyAndamanSea.Thoseseatedatthebackenjoyanauthenticcavediningexperience.fortabletables,whicharearrangedinsidethecave,sitnexttolargestalactites(鐘乳石).InternationalfoodwithaThaiinfluenceisfeatured.21.WhatcanyoudoatTheRock?A.Hostsmallceremonies.B.Havemealsatbambootables.C.Coolyourfeetunderyourtables.D.Gothroughacavediningexperience.22.Whatdothethreerestaurantshaveinmon?A.Theyarebasedinhotels.B.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods.C.Theyaresurroundedbyeyecatchingwaterfalls.D.Theyofferbothbreathtakingviewsanddeliciousfood.23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toreport. B.Toexplain. C.Toanalyze. D.Tointroduce.【答案】21.A22.D23.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了三個集美景和美食于一體的戶外餐廳。21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant”,isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.(巖石有時被稱為“浮動餐廳”,可用于婚禮和其他小型團體活動。)”可知,該飯店可以舉行小型的儀式活動。故選A。22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.(然而,三家餐廳都有令人驚嘆的景色并且菜單上均有美味的食物。)”可知,這三家餐廳都是集美景和美食于一體的餐廳。故選D。23.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,根據(jù)第一段中的“ManythingsetomindwhenIthinkofagreatvacation.Remarkablesceneryanddeliciousfoodarecertainlyonmylist.Thosetwofeaturescan’talwaysbefoundinthesamellocation.However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.(當(dāng)我想到一個美好的假期時,許多事情就會浮現(xiàn)在腦海中。美麗的風(fēng)景和美味的食物當(dāng)然在我的清單上。這兩個特征不可能總是出現(xiàn)在同一個位置。然而,三家餐廳都有令人驚嘆的景色并且菜單上均有美味的食物。)”及下文的具體介紹可知,本文的目的是為讀者介紹集美景和美食于一體的戶外餐廳。故選D。BAlexiswasastudent,theonlysonofhiswealthyparents,andfeltentitledtotheluxurieshehadinhislife.Onaclassfieldtrip,Alexismettheforester,Justin,whohadbeenlivinginawoodenhouseintheforestovertenyears.WhenlearningJustin’slife,Alexislaughedathimwithhisfriends.Duringthefieldtrip,Alexisandhisclassmatespassedbyanentrancetoacave.“Thislookssocool!”Alexisexclaimed.Hewantedtogoinsidethecave,buthisteacherstoppedhim.Thenextday,Alexisreachedthecavewithhisfourfriends,onlytofindtheycouldn’ttaketheirschoolbagsthroughtheentrance.Onebyone,theteenagersenteredthecaveandwereamazedtoseehowwideitwasfromtheinside.Albertpickedalargestoneupandhitoneofthewallswithit.“Thisplaceissocool!”helaughedquietlybeforetherocksfromthewallcamefalling.“Watchout,Albert!”AlexissaidandpulledAlberttowardshimself.Theteenagersscreamedinfearwhentheysawtherocksfall.Theycouldn’tseeanythingbecauseofthedustfloatingintheair.Thefriendswerescaredwhentheyrealizedtheyweretrappedinthecave.“HELP!WEARESTUCK!”theteenagersstartedscreamingforhelp,hopingsomeonewouldhearthem.FatesentJustintothecave.Theforesterpickedberrieseverydayfromthetreesnearthecave.Whilehewaswalkingbacktohishouse,fivebrightcoloredschoolbagscaughthisattention.Thenheapproachedthecaveandshouted,“Hey!Who’sinthere?”“I’mAlexis!Icamehereyesterdaywithmyteacher!Helpus,please!Wearestuck!”“Okay,calmdown,children!I’llhelpyouout!”Justinsaid.Justinquicklycalled911andinformedthemaboutthekidsinthecave.Thinkingtheparamedics(護理人員)wouldtakeatleasttwentyminutestoarrive,hedecidedtohelpthekidshimselfbeforeitwastoolate.Justinquicklygrabbedashovelandaflashlightandrushedbacktothecave’sentrance.Meanwhile,Alexisandhisfriendstriedtostaycalm.Afewminuteslater,Alexisandhisfriendscouldseetheflashlightshinethroughthecave’sentrance.Secondslater,theyrushedoutsidethecaveandtookadeepbreathinthefreshair.Justthen,theparamedicsarrived.24.WhatmayleadtoAlexislookingdownonJustin?A.Hislowereducation. B.Hispoorfamily.C.Hisbadreputation. D.Hislivingcondition.25.HowdidAlexisfeelaboutthecaveatfirst?A.Doubtful. B.Curious. C.a(chǎn)stonished. D.Scared.26.WhydidJustinappearnearthecave?A.Itwashisdailyroutine. B.Hesawfivecolorfulschoolbags.C.Hecametolookforthechildren. D.Heheardthescreamingforhelp.27.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthestory?A.Luckyorunlucky. B.Don’tjudgeapersonbyhislooks.C.Curiositykillsthecat. D.Onceinabluemoon.【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了亞歷克西斯因為好奇走進山洞,結(jié)果和其他人一起被困在了山洞里,多虧了賈斯汀及時發(fā)現(xiàn),救了他們。24.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Alexiswasastudent,theonlysonofhiswealthyparents,andfeltentitledtotheluxurieshehadinhislife.Onaclassfieldtrip,Alexismettheforester,Justin,whohadbeenlivinginawoodenhouseintheforestovertenyears.WhenlearningJustin’slife,Alexislaughedathimwithhisfriends.(亞歷克西斯是一名學(xué)生,是有錢父母的獨子,他覺得自己有資格享受生活中的奢侈品。在一次班級實地考察中,亞歷克西斯遇到了護林人賈斯汀,他在森林里的一所木屋里住了十年多。得知賈斯汀的生活后,亞歷克西斯和他的朋友們一起嘲笑他)”可知,生活條件導(dǎo)致亞歷克西斯看不起賈斯汀。故選D。25.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Duringthefieldtrip,Alexisandhisclassmatespassedbyanentrancetoacave.“Thislookssocool!”Alexisexclaimed.Hewantedtogoinsidethecave,buthisteacherstoppedhim.(在實地考察中,亞歷克西斯和他的同學(xué)們經(jīng)過一個洞穴的入口。‘這看起來太酷了!’亞歷克西斯喊道。他想進入洞穴,但他的老師阻止了他)”可知,亞歷克西斯一開始對山洞感到好奇,想進入洞穴。故選B。26.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“FatesentJustintothecave.Theforesterpickedberrieseverydayfromthetreesnearthecave.Whilehewaswalkingbacktohishouse,fivebrightcoloredschoolbagscaughthisattention.Thenheapproachedthecaveandshouted,“Hey!Who’sinthere?”(命運把賈斯汀送到了山洞里。護林人每天從洞穴附近的樹上摘漿果。在回家的路上,五個色彩鮮艷的書包引起了他的注意。然后他走近山洞,喊道:“嘿!誰在里面?”)”可知,護林人賈斯廷每天從洞穴附近的樹上摘漿果,出現(xiàn)在洞穴附近是因為他的日常生活。故選A。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Duringthefieldtrip,Alexisandhisclassmatespassedbyanentrancetoacave.“Thislookssocool!”Alexisexclaimed.Hewantedtogoinsidethecave,buthisteacherstoppedhim.(在實地考察中,亞歷克西斯和他的同學(xué)們經(jīng)過一個洞穴的入口?!@看起來太酷了!’亞歷克西斯喊道。他想進入洞穴,但他的老師阻止了他)”、第三段中“Thenextday,Alexisreachedthecavewithhisfourfriends,onlytofindtheycouldn’ttaketheirschoolbagsthroughtheentrance.Onebyone,theteenagersenteredthecaveandwereamazedtoseehowwideitwasfromtheinside.(第二天,亞歷克西斯和他的四個朋友來到山洞,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不能帶著書包通過洞口。少年們一個接一個地進入洞穴,從里面看到它有多寬,他們感到很驚訝。)”、第五段“Thefriendswerescaredwhentheyrealizedtheyweretrappedinthecave.“HELP!WEARESTUCK!”theteenagersstartedscreamingforhelp,hopingsomeonewouldhearthem.(當(dāng)朋友們意識到他們被困在山洞里時,他們很害怕?!熬让?!我們被困住了!”孩子們開始大聲呼救,希望有人能聽到)”以及倒數(shù)第二段可知,文章主要講述了亞歷克西斯因為好奇走進山洞,結(jié)果和其他人一起被困在了山洞里,多虧了賈斯汀及時發(fā)現(xiàn),救了他們。由此可知,這個故事告訴我們過度的好奇心可能會導(dǎo)致不好的后果,即好奇害死貓。故選C。CHumansworkhardtoavoidviruses.Sickpeopleareisolated,diseasedanimalsarekilledandfieldsofinfectedcropsarefiredup.Reviving(復(fù)活)anancientviruswouldsurelybeadisaster.ButanewstudyledbyFiddamanfromOxford,challengesthisconventionalwisdom.Itshowshowtherevivalofanancientviruscanunlockthesecretsofitsevolution.ThevirusinthestudyisMarek’sdiseasevirus(MDV),killingmorethan90%ofchickens.Yetwhenitwasdiscoveredin1907,MDVrarelycauseddeath.DrFiddamanwonderedwhetheritsnewfoundvirulence(毒性)wasaresultoflargestructuralchanges.Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguesgottheirhandsonnearly1,000chickenbonesfromancienttimesacrossEuropeandAsia,someofthemupto2000yearsold.SectionsofDNAfromtheseremainsweremappedontotheonesoftoday’svirus.AstheauthorspiecedtogetherthesetsofgenesofancientMDV,however,theynoticedthatthegeneswerearrangedidenticallytothoseinmodernspecies.Itsuggeststhattheincreasedvirulenceresultednotfromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations(突變).Inparticular,changeshadoccurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhasanessentialroleintumour(腫瘤)formation.ThisdiscoverysuggeststhattheancientMDVmaynothavebeenabletocausetumours.Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedupwithadaringexperiment.HemadetheancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintolivingchickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyofthegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.Inparison,amodernMEQgenequicklyshoweditstendencytocausetumours.Bybiningancientandmoderngeneticbiology,themethodspioneeredinthepaperrevealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.Thatcouldhelpscientiststackleothervirusesthatpullonthepursestringsoffarmers—bydesigningnewvaccines(疫苗),forinstance—oreventoworkouthowtopreventanotherglobalpandemic.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“weremappedonto”meaninparagraph4?A.wererestrictedto B.wereopposedtoC.wereparedwith D.werefilledwith29.WhatcausedthevirulencechangeofMDV?A.PointmutationsinMEQ. B.Theoccurrenceofanewgene.C.ThereproductionoftheancientMDV. D.Largestructuralchangesinmodernspecies.30.HowdidDrFiddamantesttheassumption?A.Byinvestigatingatypicalcase. B.Byconductingafieldsurvey.C.Bystudyingtherelatedtheories. D.Bydoingaparativeexperiment.31.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Virusesweakengraduallywhentheymutate.B.Thefindingthrowslightonhandlingotherviruses.C.Aglobalpandemicrequiresaworldefforttoendit.D.Farmerswillfacemoreplexchallengesthanbefore.【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文,文章主要講述了牛津大學(xué)的Fiddamanfrom領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項新研究展示了一種古老病毒的復(fù)活如何解開其進化的秘密。28.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguesgottheirhandsonnearly1,000chickenbonesfromancienttimesacrossEuropeandAsia,someofthemupto2000yearsold.(為了找到答案,他和他的同事們從歐洲和亞洲各地收集了近1000根古代的雞骨頭,其中一些有2000年的歷史)”下一段“AstheauthorspiecedtogetherthesetsofgenesofancientMDV,however,theynoticedthatthegeneswerearrangedidenticallytothoseinmodernspecies.(然而,當(dāng)作者將古代MDV的基因組合在一起時,他們注意到這些基因與現(xiàn)代物種的基因排列完全相同)”可知,將雞骨遺骸的DNA與現(xiàn)代物種的基因排列對比發(fā)現(xiàn)完全相同,因此劃線詞與wereparedwith意思相近,表示“與……相比”。故選C。29.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Itsuggeststhattheincreasedvirulenceresultednotfromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations(突變).Inparticular,changeshadoccurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhasanessentialroleintumour(腫瘤)formation.(提示毒力的增加不是由于大的結(jié)構(gòu)改變,而是由于點突變。特別是,一種名為MEQ的基因的排列發(fā)生了變化,它在腫瘤形成中具有重要作用)”可知,MEQ的點突變導(dǎo)致了MDV的毒力變化。故選A。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedupwithadaringexperiment.HemadetheancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintolivingchickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyofthegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.Inparison,amodernMEQgenequicklyshoweditstendencytocausetumours.(為了驗證這一假設(shè),F(xiàn)iddaman博士進行了一個大膽的實驗。他制造了古老的MEQ基因,并將其射入活雞細胞中。它沒有開啟任何與腫瘤形成相關(guān)的基因。相比之下,現(xiàn)代MEQ基因迅速顯示出其導(dǎo)致腫瘤的傾向)”可知,F(xiàn)iddaman博士通過一個比較實驗來證實這一假設(shè)。故選D。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Bybiningancientandmoderngeneticbiology,themethodspioneeredinthepaperrevealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.Thatcouldhelpscientiststackleothervirusesthatpullonthepursestringsoffarmers—bydesigningnewvaccines(疫苗),forinstance—oreventoworkouthowtopreventanotherglobalpandemic.(通過結(jié)合古代和現(xiàn)代遺傳生物學(xué),這篇論文中開創(chuàng)的方法揭示了病毒如何變異,更重要的是為什么變異。這可以幫助科學(xué)家們對付其他掏空農(nóng)民的腰包的病毒,比如設(shè)計新疫苗,甚至是研究如何防止另一場全球大流行)”可推知,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為處理其他病毒提供了線索。故選B。DAfteraweekoftalksinCanada,negotiators(談判者)from170countrieshavea“clearpathtolandinganambitiousdeal”onplasticpollutionatafinalroundofnegotiationsinSouthKoreainNovember,IngerAndersen,executivedirectoroftheU.N.EnvironmentProgramme,saidinastatement.“Thework,however,isfarfromover,”sheadded.“Somecountriescontinuetoblockacrucialmeasure:agloballimitontheproductionofnewplastic,whichisessentialtocontrolpollution.”Plasticismadefromfossilfuels,andmajoroilandnaturalgasproducerslikeRussiaandSaudiArabiahavebeenwidelycriticizedforthrowinguproadblocksinthenegotiationsinordertoprotectfutureprofits.However,scientistsandenvironmentalistssaytheUnitedStatesalsobearsalotofblame.Thecountryisthetopproducerofoilandgasglobally,andithastheworld’sbiggesteconomy,whichhashistoricallygiventheU.S.hugepowerinenvironmentalnegotiations.CriticssayAmericannegotiatorshaven’tbeenwillingtopushforaglobalcap(限額)onplasticproduction,andareinsteadthrowingtheirweightbehindmeasureslikerecyclingthatarefavoredbythecountry’sfossilfuelandpetrochemicalindustries.ErinSimon,headofplasticwasteandbusinessattheWorldWildlifeFundwhoattendedthetalksinCanada,saystheU.S.andalotofothercountriesarebrainstormingandtryingtoeupwithcreativesolutionstomeeteverybody’sneedsasbestaspossible.TheStateDepartmenthassaidthatforanagreementtobeeffective,itneedstobesupportedbyeverycountry,includingnationsthataremajorproducersoffossilfuelsandplastics.Morethan50countriesnowsaytheywantanagreementtoincludetargetsforreducingplasticproduction.“Thedrumbeattoreduceplasticproductionisgrowingfromcountriesworldwide,”AnaRocha,thedirectorofglobalplasticspolicyinGlobalAllianceforIncineratorAlternatives,saidinastatement.“Moreandmoreleadersarewakinguptowhatthescienceandourlivedexperiencestellus:plasticispollution,andweneedtostopitwhereitstarts.”32.WhatisthekeytocontrollingplasticpollutionaccordingtoIngerAndersen?A.Limitingtheuseofsecondhandplastic.B.Raisingpeople’senvironmentalawareness.C.Reducingtheworldwideproductionofplastic.D.Passinglawstoregulatethedisposalofwasteplastic.33.WhatmeasuresdoAmericansprefertohandleplasticpollution?A.Stoppingproducingplastic. B.Sharingqualityplastic.C.Forbiddingusingplastic. D.Recyclingusedplastic.34.Whatisnecessarytomaketheagreementeffective?A.Allcountries’support. B.Thesharedlaws.C.Everyone’spermission. D.Creativesolutions.35.WhatcanweinferfromAnaRocha’swords?A.Plasticproductionisreducingallthetime.B.Theplasticpollutionshouldbehandledtechnically.C.People’sawarenessofreducingplasticpollutionisincreasing.D.Moreleadersrealizelivedexperiencescanhelphandleplasticpollution.【答案】32.C33.D34.A35.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了來自170個國家的談判代表就“控制全球塑料污染”達成共識,即將推出一項減少塑料垃圾的全球協(xié)議。32.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的句子“Somecountriescontinuetoblockacrucialmeasure:agloballimitontheproductionofnewplastic,whichisessentialtocontrolpollution(一些國家繼續(xù)阻止一項關(guān)鍵措施:全球限制新塑料的生產(chǎn),這對控制污染至關(guān)重要)”可知,IngerAndersen認為控制塑料污染的關(guān)鍵是減少全球塑料產(chǎn)量。故選C。33.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的句子“CriticssayAmericannegotiatorshaven’tbeenwillingtopushforaglobalcap(限額)onplasticproduction,andareinsteadthrowingtheirweightbehindmeasureslikerecyclingthatarefavoredbythecountry’sfossilfuelandpetrochemicalindustries(批評人士說,美國談判代表一直不愿意推動全球塑料生產(chǎn)上限,而是支持該國化石燃料和石化行業(yè)青睞的回收利用等措施)”可知,美國談判代表一直不愿意推動確定全球塑料生產(chǎn)上限的工作,而是支持回收利用等措施來解決塑料污染問題。因此,美國人更喜歡回收使用過的塑料的措施來處理塑料污染。故選D。34.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子“TheStateDepartmenthassaidthatforanagreementtobeeffective,itneedstobesupportedbyeverycountry,includingnationsthataremajorproducersoffossilfuelsandplastics(美國國務(wù)院表示,為了使協(xié)議生效,它需要得到每個國家的支持,包括化石燃料和塑料的主要生產(chǎn)國)”可知,使協(xié)議生效的必要條件是所有國家的支持。故選A。35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子“Moreandmoreleadersarewakinguptowhatthescienceandourlivedexperiencestellus:plasticispollution,andweneedtostopitwhereitstarts.(越來越多的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人意識到科學(xué)和我們的生活經(jīng)驗告訴我們:塑料是污染,我們需要在它開始的地方阻止它)”可知,從AnaRocha的話中我們可以推斷出人們減少塑料污染的意識正在增強。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Writingapoemisaboutobservingtheworldwithinoraroundyou.36,fromlovetolosstothegateattheoldfarm.Writingpoetryseemsdifficult.However,withtherightapproach,youcanwriteapoemthatyoucanbeproudtosharewithothers.Pickaspecificthemeoridea.Thiscanmakeiteasierforyoutonarrowdownwhatimagesanddescriptionsyouaregoingtouseinyourpoem.Forexample,youmaydecidetowriteapoemaroundthethemeofloveandfriendship.37.Avoidcliché(陳詞濫調(diào)).Yourpoetrywillbemuchstrongerifyouavoidcliches,whicharephrasesthathavebeesofamiliarthattheyhavelosttheirmeaning.38.Bydoingso,yourreaderissurprisedandattractedbyyourwriting.Ifyoufeelacertainphraseorimageistoofamiliartoyourreader,replaceitwithamoreuniqueone.39.Poetryismadetobereadoutloud.Soyoushouldwriteyourpoemwithafocusonhowitsoundsonthepage.Payattentiontothestructureofyourpoemandyourwordchoice.Noticehoweachlineofyourpoemflowsintooneanotherandhowplacingonewordnexttoanothercreatesacertainsound.Getfeedback(反饋)fromothers.Youcanalsoshareyourpoemwithotherpoetstogetfeedbackfromthemandimproveyourpoem.40,whereyoudiscussyourpoemswithotherpoetsandworkonyourpoetrytogether.Oryoumaytakeapoetrywritingclass,whereyouworkwithaninstructorandotherpoetstoimproveyourwriting.A.WritefortheearB.DowritingexercisesC.ApoemcanbeaboutanythingD.YoumayjoinapoetrywritinggroupE.GoforcreativedescriptionsandimagesinyourpoemF.StrongemotionalmomentsmakeforbeautifulandinterestingpoemsG.Thenyoumaythinkaboutthemomentswhereyouexperiencedthem【答案】36.C37.G38.E39.A40.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了寫出優(yōu)美的、值得分享的詩歌的方法:選定一個特定的主題,避免陳詞濫調(diào),適合讀出來的結(jié)構(gòu)和選詞,通過分享討論獲得反饋改進。36.根據(jù)空后半句內(nèi)容“fromlovetolosstothegateattheoldfarm(從愛到失去再到老農(nóng)場的大門)”舉例了寫詩時可以選擇的各種主題內(nèi)容,由此推知,設(shè)空句應(yīng)包含概括性詞匯“任何內(nèi)容”。選項C“Apoemcanbeaboutanything(一首詩可以是關(guān)于任何事情的)”中含有“anything”,同時,在句意上講述的是“詩歌主題”,與前文“Writingapoemisaboutobservingtheworldwithinoraroundyou.(寫詩是關(guān)于觀察你內(nèi)心或周圍的世界。)”在主題上銜接緊密。故選C項。37.根據(jù)前文“Forexample,youmaydecidetowriteapoemaroundthethemeofloveandfriendship.(例如,你可能決定圍繞愛情和友誼的主題寫一首詩。)”提
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