上海市曹楊二中高一12月月考英語(yǔ)試題

上海市曹楊二中20182019學(xué)年高一12月月考英語(yǔ)試題II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA1.There_____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’t B.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t【答案】C【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：既然你在駕校練習(xí)了這么多，通過(guò)駕駛測(cè)試應(yīng)該沒問題。A.mustn't禁止B.shan't不可以，C.shouldn't（按道理講）應(yīng)該，D.needn't不必。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示應(yīng)該沒困難。should（n't）則表示按道理（不）應(yīng)該符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。2.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They______atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoing B.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedone D.wouldhavedone【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我正在高速公路上，這輛車經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)跟著一輛警車。他們一定每小時(shí)行駛至少150公里。根據(jù)句意可知這里表示肯定推測(cè)，過(guò)去一定在做什么，用musthavebeendoing過(guò)去一定正在做某事。表達(dá)對(duì)過(guò)去或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的遺憾、后悔等情感，常用的表現(xiàn)形式有would/should/oughtto/can（could）/needn't+havedone，分別表示"本來(lái)會(huì)/本應(yīng)該/本可以/本不必做某事"等意思。根據(jù)句意，故選B。3.Harryisfeelingunfortable.He_______toomuchatthepartylastnight.A.coulddrink B.shoulddrinkC.wouldhavedrunk D.musthavedrunk【答案】D【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：哈里感到很不舒服，他在昨晚的聚會(huì)上一定是喝得太多了。musthavedone用于肯定句，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的肯定猜測(cè)?？赡苄暂^大，一般有一定根據(jù)。A.couldhavedone過(guò)去本能夠做某事，而實(shí)際上未做；B.needhavedone過(guò)去本有必要做某事，而實(shí)際上未做；D.wouldhavedone過(guò)去本想要做某事，而實(shí)際上未做。根據(jù)lastnight并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，該句是對(duì)過(guò)去有把握的推測(cè)，而非與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或結(jié)果。故選C。4.George_________toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.A.musthavegone B.mighthavegoneC.can’thavegone D.needn’thavegone【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone。句意：?jiǎn)讨尾豢赡茏叩锰h(yuǎn)。他的咖啡仍然是溫的。can’thavedone一定不可能做了某事；musthavedone過(guò)去一定做了某事；mighthavedone過(guò)去可能做了某事；needn’thavedone過(guò)去本不必做某事。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】熟練掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽力理解中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子是很有益處的，并且在寫作中也可能會(huì)用到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。因此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)好情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，尤其要掌握好常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法?！扒閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”的用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)論是表達(dá)“推測(cè)和可能性”，還是表達(dá)“虛擬”這一概念，只要是表達(dá)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，一律用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”這一結(jié)構(gòu)；表達(dá)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的事情，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞原形”。注意不同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和havedone搭配的含義。表示推測(cè)的canhavedone一般用于疑問句和否定句中。5.—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butIgototheRollingStonesconcertA.must B.wouldC.should D.might【答案】D【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：你這個(gè)周六準(zhǔn)備干什么？——我不確定，但是我有可能會(huì)去滾石的音樂會(huì)。前面說(shuō)了不確定，要是后面用must，和前面的不確定相矛盾，排除A。所以but后面只能是說(shuō)一種比較小的可能性，用might，故選D項(xiàng)。SectionBAstudyofEnglishlearningproblemswascarriedoutamongatotalof106foreignstudents.Itshowsthatnearlyallthesestudentsconsidered___6___(understand)spokenEnglish,especiallyinthefirstfewweeks,tobetheirbiggestproblemonarrival.Thiswasfollowedbyspeakingormunicating.Writingthenincreasedasabigproblem___7___studentsdiscovereddifficultiesinwritingpapersthatthey___8___(expect)tohandin.Andatthesametime,readingremainedasasignificantproblem.Theinformation___9___(gain)helpedusindeterminingwherespecialattentionshouldbepaidinourcourse.Althoughmanystudentshavechosentojointhecoursewithareasonablemotivation,weconsidereditimportanttonote___10___seemedtoencourageinterest.NearlyallthestudentshaveexperiencedsomekindofgrammarbasedEnglishteachingor___11___(use)thesamemethod,especiallyifithasfailedinthepastoritistooplicatedtofolloworimitate,___12___itmightreducemotivationandinterest.Thereforeadifferentmethodmayhelpbecauseitisdifferent.___13___varietyofactivitieswasalsoregardedasawayofmaintainingorincreasingmotivationandinterest.Severalyearsagowehadthefirsttimetable___14___operatedthroughoutthecourseofEnglishlearning,butwesoonfoundthatboththestudentsandtheteacherslostinterestbyabouthalfwaythroughthetenweeks.Thisledustoamajorrethink,andwehadtoexploreamuch___15___(effective)wayofEnglishlearning,sofinallywebroughtitintolinewiththeexpressedlanguageneedsofthestudents.【答案】6.understanding7.because/as/since8.wereexpected9.gained10.what11.used12.so13.The14.that15.moreeffective【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。對(duì)106名外國(guó)學(xué)生進(jìn)行了英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)問題的研究顯示，幾乎所有這些學(xué)生都認(rèn)為聽懂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)是他們?nèi)雽W(xué)后最大的問題，尤其是在入學(xué)的頭幾周。這項(xiàng)研究所獲得的信息幫助我們決定在課程中哪些地方需要特別注意。文章還說(shuō)明了一些有助于激發(fā)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣的方法?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這表明，幾乎所有這些學(xué)生都認(rèn)為理解英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，特別是在最初的幾周里，是他們到達(dá)后最大的問題。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)considerdoingsth.表示“認(rèn)為做某事……”，后跟動(dòng)詞ing形式。故填understanding?！?題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們要交的論文很難寫，于是寫作就成了一個(gè)大問題。本句為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用because/as/since引導(dǎo)。故填because/as/since。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意同上。本句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)上文discovered可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為they，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereexpected。【9題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：所獲得的信息幫助我們決定在課程中哪些地方需要特別注意。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知gain在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)information構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。故填gained?！?0題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：雖然許多學(xué)生選擇以合理的動(dòng)機(jī)參加這門課程，但我們認(rèn)為重要的是似乎要注意的是哪些能激發(fā)興趣。本句為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指代事物應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：幾乎所有的學(xué)生都經(jīng)歷過(guò)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)或使用過(guò)同樣的方法，尤其是在過(guò)去失敗的情況下，或是在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中太過(guò)復(fù)雜而無(wú)法遵循或模仿的情況下，所以這樣可能會(huì)降低學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)和興趣。此處為連詞or連接的并列謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上文NearlyallthestudentshaveexperiencedsomekindofgrammarbasedEnglishteachingor，可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填used?！?2題詳解】考查連詞。句意：幾乎所有的學(xué)生都經(jīng)歷過(guò)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)或使用過(guò)同樣的方法，尤其是在過(guò)去失敗的情況下，或是在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中太過(guò)復(fù)雜而無(wú)法遵循或模仿的情況下，所以這樣可能會(huì)降低學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)和興趣。結(jié)合句意可知此處上下文為因果關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用連詞so。故填so?！?3題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：各種各樣的活動(dòng)也被認(rèn)為是一種保持或增加動(dòng)機(jī)和興趣的方式。表示“各種各樣的”短語(yǔ)為thevarietyof，句首字母要大寫。故填The?！?4題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：幾年前，我們有了第一個(gè)貫穿整個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的時(shí)間表，但我們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生和老師都在十個(gè)星期的中途失去了興趣。本句為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞timetable，且先行詞被序數(shù)詞thefirst修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that?！?5題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：這讓我們重新思考專業(yè)，我們必須探索一種更有效的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方式，所以最后我們把它與學(xué)生表達(dá)的語(yǔ)言需求結(jié)合起來(lái)。結(jié)合句意可知表示“更有效的”應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填moreeffective?！军c(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞為all,much,none,something,nothing,everything,theone,few,little,many,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事情。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么需要我?guī)兔Φ膯幔?當(dāng)先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,all,many,much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。例如：IhavefinishedreadingallthebooksthatIborrowedfromthelibrary.我已經(jīng)看完了所有從圖書館借來(lái)的書。HehaslearnedmanyEnglishnewwordsthattheteachertaughthimlastweekbyheart.上周老師教的許多新英語(yǔ)單詞，他都用心記住了。3.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)以及theonly,thevery,thenext,thelast等修飾時(shí)。例如：ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtintheshop.這是我在這家書店買的第一本書。ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverwatched這是我看過(guò)的最激動(dòng)人心的足球賽之一。4當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)。例如：Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.這是現(xiàn)在能做的最好的辦法。5.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。例如：Wetalkedofthingsandpersonsthatweremembered.我們談起了我們記住的人和事兒。6.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)，并帶有比較的含義時(shí)。例如Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitwastenyearsago.我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)不再是十年前的樣子。7.句子的前一部分已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了which,為避免重復(fù)，句子的后面部分通常不再用which而用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?哪一本書是你昨天買的？8.當(dāng)主句是以who,which引起的特殊疑問句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that.例如：Whoisthemanthatyouspoketojustnow?剛才和你說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？9.在therebe句型中,只能用that,例如：Therewasstillalotofhomeworkthatwehadtodoinoursparetime.我們?cè)跇I(yè)余時(shí)間仍然必須做很多作業(yè)。如第九小題，句意：幾年前，我們有了第一個(gè)貫穿整個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的時(shí)間表，但我們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生和老師都在十個(gè)星期的中途失去了興趣。本句為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞timetable，且先行詞被序數(shù)詞thefirst修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that。SectionC16.Itwas________thatthepartywouldgatherforlunchinGrantPark.17.Thedecisionhadbeenagreedinprinciplebeforetoday’smeeting,butsomecontroversy________it.18.Therewasstillthe________hopedeepwithinhimthatshemightneverneedtoknow.19.Juliewas________fromherjobshortlyaftertheincident.20.Togethertheytraveltheworld,________clothesforthesmall,privatelyownedpany.21.Hewassavingthis________forthenextweek’sraceinNewYork.22.Whynotcallsomefriendsandhaveapicnic________eatingout?23.Beforeprovidingthecash,theywillhavetodecidewhetheryouareagoodorbad________.24.TravelerstoAfricaarebeing________ofthedangerofHIVinfection.【答案】16.C17.E18.B19.F20.J21.A22.H23.G24.D【解析】【16題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：根據(jù)安排，大家約定在格蘭特公園共進(jìn)午餐。結(jié)合句意表示“根據(jù)安排”句式為itbearrangedthat…，故填arranged。故選C。【17題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這項(xiàng)決定在今天的會(huì)議之前已原則上達(dá)成一致，但圍繞這項(xiàng)決定存在一些爭(zhēng)議。結(jié)合句意表示“圍繞”且做謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞surround，且根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填surrounded。故選E?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他內(nèi)心深處仍然有一線微弱的希望，她也許永遠(yuǎn)也不需要知道。修飾后文hope且結(jié)合句意表示“微弱的”應(yīng)用形容詞faint。故填faint。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：事件發(fā)生后不久，Julie就被停職了。結(jié)合句意表示“停職”且在句中做謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞suspend，且根據(jù)上文Juliewas可知為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填suspended。故選F?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們一起周游世界，為這家小型私營(yíng)公司采購(gòu)服裝。結(jié)合句意表示“從……獲得，采購(gòu)”動(dòng)詞為source，且分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知source在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)they構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填sourcing。故選J?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他正在為下周在紐約的比賽積蓄能量。結(jié)合句意表示“能量”且做賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞energy。故填energy。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：為什么不叫上幾個(gè)朋友去野餐，而不是出去吃呢？結(jié)合句意表示“而不是”短語(yǔ)為insteadof。故填insteadof。故選H?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在提供現(xiàn)金之前，他們必須決定你的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是好是壞。結(jié)合句意表示“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”以及上文agoodorbad可知應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞risk。故填risk。故選G?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：前往非洲的旅客被警告有感染艾滋病毒的危險(xiǎn)。結(jié)合句意表示“警告”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞warn，且根據(jù)上文arebeing可知為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填warned。故選D。III.ReadingprehensionSectionAHaveyouevershouted,“Therentistoodamnhigh?”Shakingwallandhiddendisgustingbugs?You’renot____25____.TheancientRomansexperiencedthesameannoyancewiththeirapartments.From____26____landlordstosanitationproblems,peststosmells,Romanurbanlivingwasnowalkinthepark.EvenintheveryearlydaysofRome,peoplewerecrowdedtogetherinunfortable____27____.Thiscollectionofanimalsofeverykindmixedtogether,madelifemiserableformoncitizens.Andtheclosecontactspreaddiseases.Romanrentedresidencewerecalledinsulae,orislands,becausetheyoccupiedwholeblocks,withtheroadsflowingaroundthemlikewateraroundanisland.Theinsulae,oftenconsistingofsixtoeightapartmentblocksbuiltaroundastaircaseandcentralcourtyard,____28____poorworkerswhocouldn’taffordatraditionaldomus,orprivatehouse.BythefourthcenturyA.D.,therewerearound45,000insulaeinRome,as____29____tofewerthan2,000privatehomes.Manypeoplewere____30____intotheirquarters.Apartmentsonthelowerfloorwouldbetheeasiestforentryandexit–andthereforebelongtothewealthyrenterswhileunfortunateindividualswere____31____onhigherfloorsintinyrooms.Thoughmadeofconcretebrick,insulaewereusuallyweaklybuilt,____32____poorcraftsmanshipandlittlefund.Theyusuallycollapsedandkilledpassersby.Asaresult,emperorsrestrictedhowhigh____33____couldconstructinsulae.Themaximumbuildingheightwas60feet.Accordingtolawthen,buildersweresupposedtomakewallsatleastaninchandahalfthick,soasto____34____thesafetyofthebuilding.However,itdidn’tworksowell,especiallysincebuilding____35____wereignoredbythelandlordsinordertosaveontheconstructioncost,andmostrentersweretoopoorto____36____landlords.Therefore,thelifethreateningaccidentsusuallyhappened.Evenifinsulaedidn’tfalldown,theycouldbeso____37____astobewashedawayinaflood.That’sabouttheonlytimetheirinhabitantswouldhaveaccesstocleannaturalwater,sincetherewasrarelyinhomeplumbing(水管)inanapartment.What’smore,theinsulaecaughtfirefrequentlyleavingRomewithavicious(惡意的)____38____ofhousesburningdownandcollapsing,sales,thenimmediatereconstructionandfireoncemoretime.Indeed,ratherthanbeingatthenature’shands,somecollapseswere____39____sincethegreedylandlordskeepontearingdowntheexistinginsulaeandreplacingthemwithhigherandlargermonstersinpursuitofmorerents.25.A.lonely B.alone C.unique D.special26.A.unfair B.gracious C.mean D.terrified27.A.basements B.mansions C.seasons D.quarters28.A.housed B.lived C.reserved D.organized29.A.exposed B.opposed C.switched D.related30.A.mixed B.filled C.invited D.squeezed31.A.arranged B.assigned C.thrown D.banned32.A.insteadof B.thanksto C.regardlessof D.exceptfor33.A.builders B.architects C.landlords D.renters34.A.insure B.makesure C.assure D.ensure35.A.codes B.limitations C.reservations D.emphasis36.A.defeat B.alert C.charge D.object37.A.cheap B.vacant C.insignificant D.shaky38.A.cycle B.punishment C.treatment D.fate39.A.unexpected B.intentional C.restless D.thorough【答案】25.B26.C27.D28.A29.B30.D31.C32.B33.C34.D35.A36.C37.D38.A39.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文講述的是在古羅馬時(shí)期，因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的窮人買不起房子，他們只好租房，但是房屋質(zhì)量越來(lái)越差，租金卻越來(lái)越高，這是房屋租賃者追求高利潤(rùn)所導(dǎo)致的。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你不是一個(gè)人。A.lonely寂寞的；B.alone唯一的，獨(dú)自的；C.unique獨(dú)特的；D.special特殊的。根據(jù)后文TheancientRomansexperiencedthesameannoyancewiththeirapartments.可知感覺房租越來(lái)越高這些問題的人并不只你一個(gè)人，故此處表示你并不是一個(gè)人。故選B。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從吝嗇的房東到衛(wèi)生問題，從害蟲到氣味，羅馬人的城市生活是沒有公園散步的。A.unfair不公平的；B.gracious親切的；C.mean吝嗇的，刻薄的；D.terrified害怕的。根據(jù)后文tosanitationproblems,peststosmells,Romanurbanlivingwasnowalkinthepark.可知運(yùn)用的都是貶義詞，故此處應(yīng)用mean來(lái)形容詞房東更為符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：即使在羅馬的早期，人們也擠在不舒服的住處。A.basements地下室；B.mansions大廈；C.seasons季節(jié)；D.quarters住處。根據(jù)下文intotheirquarters可知，即使在羅馬的早期，人們?cè)诓皇娣牡胤綌D在一起。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：集合住宅通常由6至8個(gè)公寓街區(qū)組成，周圍有樓梯和中央庭院，住著買不起傳統(tǒng)圓頂屋或私人住宅的貧窮工人。A.housed居??；B.lived生活；C.reserved保留；D.organized組織。它們占據(jù)了整個(gè)街區(qū)，里面住著貧窮的工人，live主語(yǔ)通常為人，為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。故選A。29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：到公元四世紀(jì)在美國(guó)，羅馬大約有45000個(gè)集合住宅，而與之相對(duì)立的私人住宅不足2000個(gè)。A.exposed暴露；B.opposed使對(duì)立，反對(duì)；C.switched轉(zhuǎn)變；D.related敘述。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境分析可知，羅馬大約有45000個(gè)集合住宅而與之相對(duì)立的是私人住宅不足2000個(gè)。兩者存在巨大的數(shù)字差異。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人被擠在他們的房間里。A.mixed混合；B.filled裝滿；C.invited邀請(qǐng)；D.squeezed擠壓。結(jié)合后文有人不得不住在小房間可知，人們是被擠在（squeeze）自己的房間里生活。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：較低樓層的公寓是最容易進(jìn)出的——因此屬于富裕的租房者——而不幸的人則被扔到較高樓層的小房間里。A.arranged安排；B.assigned分配；C.thrown扔；D.banned禁止。與較低樓層居住的富裕租房者不同的是，不幸的人只能被扔進(jìn)樓層高的小房間里。此處用throw最能體現(xiàn)這種貧富差距。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：盡管是用混凝土磚做的，但由于工藝低劣和資金不足，集合住宅通常都很簡(jiǎn)陋。A.insteadof而不是；B.thanksto由于；C.regardlessof不管；D.exceptfor除了。后文poorcraftsmanshipandlittlefund是集合住宅簡(jiǎn)陋的原因。thanksto表示“由于，因?yàn)椤?。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果，皇帝限制了房東修建集合住宅的高度。A.builders建設(shè)者；B.architects建筑師；C.landlords房東；D.renters承租人。根據(jù)后文couldconstructinsulae.可知修建集合住宅的是房東。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的法律，建筑工人應(yīng)該建造至少一英寸半厚的墻，以確保建筑的安全。A.insure投保；B.makesure查明；C.assure保證，表示向某人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生（內(nèi)含有讓某人放心之意，以消除疑慮）；D.ensure確保，保證。結(jié)合句意可知建造至少一英寸半厚的墻是為了確保建筑的安全。故選D。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這并沒有起到很好的作用，尤其是因?yàn)榉繓|為了節(jié)省建筑成本而忽視了建筑法規(guī)，而且大多數(shù)租房人都太窮了，無(wú)法控告房東。A.codes規(guī)范，代碼；B.limitations限制；C.reservations預(yù)訂；D.emphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)。此處根據(jù)后文wereignoredbythelandlordsinordertosaveontheconstructioncost可知房東為了節(jié)省建筑成本而忽視了建筑法規(guī)。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這并沒有起到很好的作用，尤其是因?yàn)榉繓|為了節(jié)省建筑成本而忽視了建筑法規(guī)，而且大多數(shù)租房人都太窮了，無(wú)法控告房東。A.defeat擊?。籅.alert警告；C.charge收費(fèi)，控告；D.object反對(duì)。根據(jù)上文mostrentersweretoopoorto可知大多數(shù)租房人太窮了，沒有錢控告房東。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：即使集合住宅沒有倒下，它們也可能搖搖欲墜，被洪水沖走。A.cheap便宜的；B.vacant空的；C.insignificant無(wú)關(guān)緊要的；D.shaky搖晃的。根據(jù)上文可知由于偷工減料，這些集合住宅非常不牢固，搖搖欲墜，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，集合住宅經(jīng)常著火，這就給羅馬留下了一個(gè)惡性循環(huán)：房屋被燒毀，房屋被摧毀，房屋被出售，然后立即進(jìn)行重建，然后再次著火。A.cycle循環(huán)；B.punishment懲罰；C.treatment治療；D.fate命運(yùn)。根據(jù)后文collapsing,sales,thenimmediatereconstructionandfireoncemoretime.可知這是一個(gè)惡性循環(huán)（viciouscycle）。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，一些房屋的倒塌并不是大自然造成的，而是因?yàn)樨澙返姆繓|們?yōu)榱俗非蟾叩淖饨穑粩嗟夭鸪F(xiàn)存的建筑，用更高更大的建筑物取而代之，所以這些房屋的倒塌是故意造成的。A.unexpected意外的；B.intentional故意的；C.restless浮躁的；D.thorough徹底的。根據(jù)上文ratherthanbeingatthenature’shands可知一些房屋的倒塌并不是大自然造成的，而是貪婪的房東們故意造成的。故選B。SectionB(A)Itwasearlyin1981whenIfirstmetGeorge.Iwasinmyearly30s,seekingacreativeoutletunrelatedtothehumdrumofhouseworkandraisinglittleones.Mychildren,thenagedthreeandfive,werejustenteringkindergartenandschoollife.At65,Georgehadrecentlyretiredandwasseekingarewardinghobbyforhisgoldenyears.Forbothofus,paintingwasartandwemetatalocalTAFEpaintingclass.Thusbeganafriendshipthatwastolastfor25years—untilthedayhedied.Inthelate1950s,GeorgearrivedinWesternAustraliafromBritainwithhiswifeandtwochildren.Hewasn’tatallmanbutwasasneatasapin,withamouthfuloflargeteethandglassesthatgavehisblueeyesaBambilikeappearance.Georgewasamanwholivedlifetothefull;heworkedhard,playedhard,andhadanopinionabouteverything.Helovedhiswife,hisfamily,hisfriends,andwasloyalandoutspokentotheequaldegree.Aslimandvigorousman,Georgetookprideinhisfitnessandhealthandwalkedthreekilometreseveryday.“”I’dnomoregowithoutmywalkthanwithoutbrushingmyteeth,”he’dsay.Andastheonlymaleinapaintingclassfullofwomen,Georgewasinhiselement.Helovedhissingularroleandlookedafterhisbroodwiththesameattentionhegavetoeverything.Hetooktopaintingwithpassionandmitment,eventurningthesparebedroomofhishomeintoastudio.Hispaintingequipmentwasprehensive—aneasel,qualitypaints,linseedoil,turpentine,brushes,palette,canvases,charcoalpencils,fixative,paletteknives—evenarollingpinforremovingairbubbleswhengluing.Everpractical,Georgehousedmanyoftheseitemsinatoolboxaredmetaltoolboxbuilttotakehardknocksandpurchasedfromalocalhardwarestore.ForaboutsixyearsGeorgeandIstudiedtogetherthroughvariousunitsuntilthepletionofthecourseandothermitmentsdrewusapart,thoughwealwaysmaintainedpersonalcontactaswelivedwithinacoupleofkilometresofeachother.Tdsometimesseehimonhisdailywalkoratthelocalshopsandoccasionallywe'dtouchbasewitha‘proper’afternoontea,sharingacuppaandachinwag.40.Whydidtheauthorstarttolearnpainting?A.Tofindalastingandrewardingfriendship.B.Totakeabreakfromherboringfamilylife.C.Todevelopahobbyforherfuturegoldenyears.D.Torealizeherlonghelddreamofbeingapainter.41.Thephrase“hisbrood”（inparagraph3)mostprobablyrefersto__________.A.George’sinterest B.George’stoolsC.George’sfamily D.George’sclassmates42.Intheauthor’seye,Georgewasapersonwho__________A.desiredaluxuriouslife B.wasenthusiasticaboutsportsC.caredlittleabouthisappearance D.seldomtoldothersabouthisopinion43.Whatistheauthormostlikelytodealwithintheparagraphsthatfollowthepassage?A.WhathappenedonthedayGeorgedied.B.WhyshebecameapainterwhileGeorgedidn’t.C.HowsheandGeorgeturnedawayfromeachother.D.WhereGeorgeusedtolivebeforeingtoAustralia.【答案】40.B41.D42.B43.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)繪畫認(rèn)識(shí)的好友喬治的生平情況?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Itwasearlyin1981whenIfirstmetGeorge.Iwasinmyearly30s,seekingacreativeoutletunrelatedtothehumdrumofhouseworkandraisinglittleones.（我第一次見到喬治是在1981年初。我在30歲出頭的時(shí)候，尋找一種與單調(diào)的家務(wù)和撫養(yǎng)小孩無(wú)關(guān)的創(chuàng)造性的發(fā)泄方式。）可知作者學(xué)習(xí)繪畫是為了讓她從無(wú)聊的家庭生活中解脫出來(lái)。故選B?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合上文Andastheonlymaleinapaintingclassfullofwomen,Georgewasinhiselement.可知作為一個(gè)繪畫班中唯一的男性，喬治非常擅長(zhǎng)繪畫。喬治也非常喜歡他這種特殊的角色，總是照顧他的同學(xué)。故hisbrood此處指代喬治的同學(xué)們。故選D。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Aslimandvigorousman,Georgetookprideinhisfitnessandhealthandwalkedthreekilometreseveryday.“”I’dnomoregowithoutmywalkthanwithoutbrushingmyteeth,”he’dsay.（喬治身材苗條，精力充沛，他為自己的健康而自豪，每天步行三公里。他會(huì)說(shuō):“我不走路，就像不刷牙一樣?！保┛芍髡呖磥?lái)喬治是一個(gè)熱愛運(yùn)動(dòng)的人。故選B。43題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段ForaboutsixyearsGeorgeandIstudiedtogetherthroughvariousunitsuntilthepletionofthecourseandothermitmentsdrewusapart,thoughwealwaysmaintainedpersonalcontactaswelivedwithinacoupleofkilometresofeachother.（大約六年來(lái)，我和喬治通過(guò)不同的部門一起學(xué)習(xí)，直到課程結(jié)束，死亡將我們分開了，盡管我們始終保持個(gè)人接觸，因?yàn)槲覀儽舜酥g相距幾公里。）可推知作者在接下來(lái)的段落中最可能說(shuō)明喬治死的那天發(fā)生了什么事。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中?？碱}型之一，可以大致分為①定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。如文中常用referto，becalled或that’stosay，suchas等。②邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。③語(yǔ)法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。④語(yǔ)境猜詞，猜測(cè)詞義離不開上下文的語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。⑤指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。如第二小題，結(jié)合上文Andastheonlymaleinapaintingclassfullofwomen,Georgewasinhiselement.可知作為一個(gè)繪畫班中唯一的男性，喬治非常擅長(zhǎng)繪畫。喬治也非常喜歡他這種特殊的角色，總是照顧他的同學(xué)。故hisbrood此處指代喬治的同學(xué)們。故選D。(B)UniversityShotokanKarateClubLearnKarate—selfdefenseandfitnessTheuniversitykarateclubwasfoundedin1962.Allgradesfrombeginnerstoadvancedarewele.Theclassesaresuitableforbothmenandwomenandseveralwomenhaveobtainedtheirblackbelt.TUESDAYANDTHURSDAY6.00—8.00p.m.WEAVERHOUSEGYMFIRSTLESSONFREEHardlyanyofushaveexperiencedrealviolence,but,overthelastfewyears,attacksoninnocentpeoplehaveincreased.Eachofushassomeabilitytodefendourselves,andbylearningaformofselfdefence,wearenotonlyincreasingthatability,butalsodoingsomethingtobuildourownsenseofrespect.Karatewillshowyoualotofsimpleandeffectivetechniquestoprotectyourself,givingyouincreaseselfconfidence.Fartoomanypeoplethinkmartialarts(武術(shù))areaboutviolence.Martialartstrainingisbasedonalotofrespect,selfdiscipline,selfcontrolandnonviolence.Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.Karateisthepracticeofblockingandstrikingtechniquesforthepurposeofselfdefence,healthandselfdevelopment.Karateexercisestheentirebody.Techniquesarepractisedonbothsidesofthebody,thereforemuscleimbalancesdonotoccurandthestrength,coordination,flexibilityandagilityofbothsidesofthebodyareimproved.RegulartraininginKarateimprovesthebody’sphysicalenduranceandflexibility.Italsohelpsconcentrationandproducesthementalcalmandassurancethatefromknowingwecandefendourselves.Karatehasmanybenefitsbuttheydonoteeasilyorovernight.Trainingrequiresongoingmitmentandhardwork.Someofyouwillgiveup,butafewofyouwillgetyourblackbelt.44.Thepassageismainlyintendedto_________.A.tellreadersthebenefitsofKarateB.attractreaderstojointheclubC.encouragepeopletogettheirblackbeltD.correctpeople’smisunderstandofKarate45.WhatcanbelearnedaboutUniversityShotokanKarateClub?A.Morementhanwomenhavebeenitsmembers.B.Ittestsmemberstoseewhatleveltheyareat.C.Membersdon’tneedtopayforthelessons.D.Itoffers4hoursoflessonseveryweek.46.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutKarateistrue?A.Itcultivatespeople’srespectforthemselvesaswellasforothers.B.Itinvolvespeople’sarmmusclesmorethanbodymusclesC.Itmakespeoplehealthyphysicallyinsteadofmentally.D.Itfocusesasmuchonselfdefenceasonattack.【答案】44.B45.D46.A【解析】【分析】這是一則廣告。學(xué)校的跆拳道俱樂部準(zhǔn)備招收學(xué)員，給讀者們介紹了跆拳道的知識(shí)，它不僅可以強(qiáng)身健體，還能培養(yǎng)人的自尊，自律和為他人著想的思維?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的Allgradesfrombeginnerstoadvancedarewele.Theclassesaresuitableforbothmenandwomenandseveralwomenhaveobtainedtheirblackbelt.（從初學(xué)到高段的所有層次都可以。課程男女都適合，已經(jīng)又幾個(gè)女學(xué)員獲得了黑帶）和FIRSTLESSONFREE（第一節(jié)免費(fèi)）可知，這篇文章的主要目的是吸引讀者參加跆拳道俱樂部學(xué)習(xí)。B.attractreaderstojointheclub（吸引讀者加入俱樂部）符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的TUESDAYANDTHURSDAY6.00—8.00p.m.（周二和周四，下午6點(diǎn)到8點(diǎn)）可知，俱樂部周二和周四上課，每節(jié)課持續(xù)2兩小時(shí)，所以每周總共上4小時(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段的Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.（我們學(xué)習(xí)基本的禮節(jié)，禮儀和容忍，在任何時(shí)候都要有禮貌和為他人著想）可知，跆拳道能夠培養(yǎng)人的自尊，禮儀，和為他人著想的思維。A.Itcultivatespeople’srespectforthemselvesaswellasforothers.（它培養(yǎng)人們對(duì)自己和他人的尊重）符合以上說(shuō)法。故選A項(xiàng)。(C)Someplantsgetsohungrythattheyeatflies,spiders,andevensmallfrogs.What’smoreamazingisthattheseplantsoccurnaturally(inspecialenvironment)ineverystate.Infact,they’refoundoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica.You’veprobablyseenaVenus’flytrap.It’softensoldinmuseumgiftstores,departmentstores,andevensupermarkets.Asmallplant,itgrows6to8inchestallinacontainer.Attheendofitsstalks(莖)arespeciallymodifiedleavesthatactliketraps.Insideeachtrapisaliningoftinytrigger(觸發(fā))hairs.Whenaninsectlandsonthem,thetrapsuddenlyshut.Overthecourseofaweekorso,theplantfeedsonitscatch.TheVenus’flytrapisjustoneofmorethan500speciesofmeateatingplants,saysBarryMeyersRice,theeditoroftheInternationalCarnivorous(食肉的)PlantSociety’sNewsletter.Note:Despiteanysciencefictionstoriesyoumighthaveread,nomeateatingplantdoesanydangertohumans.Dr.MeyersRicesaysaplantismeateating,onlyifitdoesallfourofthefollowing:“attract,kill,digest,andabsorb”someformsofinsects,includingflies,butterflies,andmoths.Meateatingplantslookandactlikeothergreenplantswell,mostofthetime.Allgreenplantsmakesugarthroughaprocesscalledphotosynthesis(光合作用).Plantsusethesugartomakefood.Whatmakes“meateating”plantsdifferentistheirbugcatchingleaves.Theyneedinsectsforonereason:nitrogen(氮).Nitrogenisanutrientthattheycan’tobtainanyotherway.Whyalmostallgreenplantsonourplanetgetnitrogenfromthesoil,“meateating”plantscan’t.Theyliveinplaceswherenutrientsarehardoralmostimpossibletogetfromthesoilbecauseofitsacidity.Sothey’veetorelyongettingnitrogenfrominsectsandsmallanimals.Infact,nutrientrichsoilispoisonousto“meateating”plants.Neverfertilizethem!Butdon’tworry,either,iftheyneverseemtocatchanyinsects.Theycansurvive,butthey’llgrowveryslowly.47.Accordingtothepassage,carnivorousplants________.A.onlygrowinwildfield B.areraretoseeC.areasmonasflies D.cannotgrowonAntarctica48.Wecanconcludefromthethirdparagraphthat________.A.carnivorousplantsaredangerousB.carnivorousplantsarefictionalC.carnivorousplantsoccasionallyeatbooksD.carnivorousplantsareharmlesstohumans49.Intheeyesoftheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Carnivorousplantscannotgrowinacidsoil.B.Carnivorousplantscangrowinnutrientpoorsoil.C.Carnivorousplantswilldieiftheycannotcatchanyinsects.D.Carnivorousplantscangetnitrogenfromnutrientrichsoil.【答案】47.D48.D49.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)這篇文章向我們介紹了食肉植物，人們一直認(rèn)為食肉植物對(duì)人類是有害的，但是作者在文章中闡述了食肉植物對(duì)人類是沒有任何危險(xiǎn)的，而且食肉植物可以在營(yíng)養(yǎng)貧瘠的土壤中生長(zhǎng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Infact,they’refoundoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica.可知事實(shí)上，除了南極洲，它們?cè)谒械拇箨懮隙寄苷业?。由此可知，食肉植物不能在南極洲生長(zhǎng)。故選D。【48題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Note:Despiteanysciencefictionstoriesyoumighthaveread,nomeateatingplantdoesanydangertohumans.可知注意：盡管你可能讀過(guò)任何科幻小說(shuō)，但沒有一種食肉植物對(duì)人類構(gòu)成任何危險(xiǎn)。由此可推知，食肉植物對(duì)人類是無(wú)害的。故選D。49題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Theyliveinplaceswherenutrientsarehardoralmostimpossibletogetfromthesoilbecauseofitsacidity.可知由于土壤的酸性，它們生活在很難或幾乎不可能從土壤中獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)的地方。由此可知，食肉植物可以在營(yíng)養(yǎng)貧瘠的土壤中生長(zhǎng)，故選B。(D)AccordingtoNielsen,theaveragenumberofmobilephonecallswemakeisdroppingeveryyear,afterhittingapeakin2007.Andourcallsaregettingshorter:In2005theyaveragedthreeminutesinlength;nowthey’realmosthalfthat.Wearemoving,inotherwords,towardafascinatingculturaltransition:thedeathofthetelephonecall.Thisshiftisparticularlyplainamongtheyoung.SomecollegestudentsIknowgodayswithouttalkingintotheirsmartphonesatall.Thisgenerationdoesn’tmakephonecalls,becauseeveryoneisinconstant,lightweightcontactinsomanyotherways:texting,chatting,andsocialnetworkmessaging.Andwedon’tjusthavemoreoptionsthanweusedto.Wehavebetterones:Thesenewformsofmunicationhaveexposedthefactthatthevoicecallisbadlydesigned.Itdeservestodie.Consider:IfIsuddenlydecideIwanttodialyouup,Ihavenowayofknowing